# Napeocles > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Napeocles > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Napeocles.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napeocles > Source revision: 1327804923 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) ***Napeocles jucunda***, the **great blue hookwing**, is a South American [butterfly](/source/Butterfly) of the family [Nymphalidae](/source/Nymphalidae). The species was [first described](/source/Species_description) by [Jacob Hübner](/source/Jacob_H%C3%BCbner) in 1808. ## Taxonomy It is the only representative of the [monotypic](/source/Monotypic) Neotropical lowland genus ***Napeocles***, erected by [Henry Walter Bates](/source/Henry_Walter_Bates) in 1864. It has been assigned to the recently resurrected tribe [Victorinini](/source/Victorinini).[1] The species is very similar to some species in tribe [Kallimini](/source/Kallimini). ## Subspecies [Subspecies](/source/Subspecies) include:[2][3][4] - *Napeocles jucunda jucunda* Hübner, 1808 - *Napeocles jucunda caesari* Neild, 2008 ([Venezuela](/source/Venezuela)) - *Napeocles jucunda dumnorix* Fruhstorfer, 1912 ## Distribution This species has been recorded in [Peru](/source/Peru), [Bolivia](/source/Bolivia), [Venezuela](/source/Venezuela), [Brazil](/source/Brazil), and [French Guiana](/source/French_Guiana).[5] ## Habitat These butterflies occur in tropical rainforest across the Amazon basin and from the eastern slopes of the Andes.[5] They can usually be found high in the canopy, but sometimes they are also present on the lower foliage of trees and on humid cacao-groves on fallen fruits.[6][7] The eggs and pupae are very similar to that of *[Siproeta stelenes](/source/Siproeta_stelenes)*, but the final instar larvae is characterized by a dark maroon basal color, with the thorax and abdomen flecked by numerous yellow specks.[5] The immature stages feed on plants in the genus [Ruellia](/source/Ruellia).[5] ## Description *Napeocles jucunda* can reach a [wingspan](/source/Wingspan) of about 10 cm (3.9 in). These fairly large, wide-winged fine butterflies show a very hard projection on the hindmargins of the forewings, just below the tip, with a deep concavity below. The hindwings are round. The basic color is black or dark brown, with a broad blue to intense white band crossing the middle of the forewings and hindwings. The tip of the forewings shows also a small blue spot. The underside of the wings is colored like a wilted leaf, complete with "middle nerve".[8][9] ## Bibliography - Lamas, G. ed. (2004). *Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera*. Checklist: Part 4A Hesperioidea - Papiionoidea. Gainesville: Scientific Publishers/Association of Tropical Lepidoptera. - Palo Jr., Haroldo (2017). *Borboletas do Brasil* [Butterflies of Brazil]. volume 2. Nymphalidae 1st ed. São Carlos, Brazil: Vento Verde. p. 1254. ISBN 978-85-64060-10-4 - D'Abrera, Bernard (1984). *Butterflies of South America*. Hill House ISBN 0-9593639-2-0 ## References 1. ["The Subfamily Nymphalinae"](http://nymphalidae.utu.fi/Nymphalidae/Nymphalinae/Nymphalinae.htm). *The Nymphalidae Systematics Group*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20071204175149/http://nymphalidae.utu.fi/Nymphalidae/Nymphalinae/Nymphalinae.htm) December 4, 2007 at the Wayback Machine. 1. ["Family Nymphalidae Rafinesque, 1815 – Brushfoots"](http://www.butterfliesofamerica.com/L/Nymphalidae.htm). *Butterflies of America*. Retrieved June 26, 2020. 1. Savela, Markku (August 27, 2017). ["*Napeocles* Bates, 1864"](https://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/papilionoidea/nymphalidae/nymphalinae/napeocles/). *Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms*. Retrieved June 26, 2020. 1. Rosser, Neil & Pezo, Ronald Mori (2017). ["Color pattern divergence in *Napeocles jucunda* Hübner, 1808 (Nymphalidae) is accompanied by shifts in host plant and habitat use"](https://journals.flvc.org/troplep/article/view/105432). *Tropical Lepidoptera Research*. [ISSN 2575-9256](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2575-9256) 1. ["Great Blue Hookwing *Napeocles jucunda* Hübner, 1808"](https://web.archive.org/web/20110505032651/http://www.learnaboutbutterflies.com/Andes%20-%20Napeocles%20jucunda.htm). *Butterflies of the Amazon and Andes*. Learn About Butterflies. Archived from [the original](http://www.learnaboutbutterflies.com/Andes%20-%20Napeocles%20jucunda.htm) on May 5, 2011. Retrieved June 26, 2020. 1. Bates, H. W. (1864). ["Contributions to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon Valley Lepidoptera - Nymphalinae"](https://archive.org/stream/journalofentomol02lond#page/194/mode/1up). *Journal of Entomology*. **2** (10): 194. – via Internet Archive. 1. Kirby, W. F. (1896). [*A Hand-Book to the Order Lepidoptera*](https://archive.org/details/b28098729_0001?q=napeocles). Lloyds's Natural History. p. 104. – via Internet Archive. 1. Kirby, W. F. (1877). ["Introductory Papers on Lepidoptera"](https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.19867?q=napeocles). *The Entomologist*. **10**: 241. – via Internet Archive. ## External links - ["Species *Napeocles jucunda*"](http://www.butterfliesofamerica.com/L/t/Napeocles_jucunda_a.htm). *Butterflies of America*. - Brower, Andrew V. Z. ["*Napeocles* H. W. Bates 1864"](http://tolweb.org/Napeocles). *Tree of Life Web Project*. - Carter, D. (1994). *Sommerfugler fra hele verden*. Teknologisk Forlag. ISBN 82-512-0438-0 - [*Napeocles jucunda* on Flickr](https://www.flickr.com/photos/84942480@N03/8487810353/in/photolist-JTpn9z-JTp64Z-63X5so-dgzkNQ-93RiYH-93RiQH-EM7r9u-7AzYJF-9e2cFx-o6UViD-8L6b9e-DraF8U-DraF1u-7AzYQ2-wXijUK-wXieMR-niR1vE-dW3fiP-7ADHZQ) --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Napeocles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napeocles) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napeocles?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.