# Nabalus

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Genus of flowering plants

Nabalus Nabalus alatus Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Embryophytes Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Spermatophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Eudicots Clade: Asterids Order: Asterales Family: Asteraceae Subfamily: Cichorioideae Tribe: Cichorieae Subtribe: Crepidinae Genus: Nabalus Cass. Type species Nabalus trifoliolatus Cass.

***Nabalus*** is a [genus](/source/Genus) of [Asian](/source/Asia) and [North American](/source/North_America) flowering plants in the tribe [Cichorieae](/source/Cichorieae) within the family [Asteraceae](/source/Asteraceae).[1][2]

*Nabalus* is now considered the correct name for a group of plants in [North America](/source/North_America) that were formerly considered to be members of *[Prenanthes](/source/Prenanthes)*, and were included in that genus in the [Flora of North America](/source/Flora_of_North_America) treatment.[3] Common names for the genus include "**rattlesnake root**" and "**white lettuce**." The latter reflects its close relationship to lettuce (*[Lactuca sativa](/source/Lactuca_sativa)*) but having flowers that are whitish or purplish-white in some species. Many (perhaps all) of the species are [monocarpic](/source/Monocarpic) perennials, in which an individual plant may live for multiple years in a vegetative condition but then will die after flowering and fruiting.[4]

## Species

*Nabalus* species include:[5][6][7]

### Asian *Nabalus* species

- *[Nabalus acerifolius](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nabalus_acerifolius&action=edit&redlink=1)* Maxim. (1871) - Japan

- *[Nabalus angustilobus](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nabalus_angustilobus&action=edit&redlink=1)* (C.Shih) Sennikov (2000) - [Sichuan](/source/Sichuan)

- *[Nabalus faberi](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nabalus_faberi&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Hemsl.) Sennikov (2000) - [Guizhou](/source/Guizhou), [Sichuan](/source/Sichuan)

- *[Nabalus leptanthus](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nabalus_leptanthus&action=edit&redlink=1)* (C.Shih) Sennikov (2000) - [Sichuan](/source/Sichuan)

- *[Nabalus nipponicus](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nabalus_nipponicus&action=edit&redlink=1)* Franch. & Sav. (1878) - Japan

- *[Nabalus ochroleucus](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nabalus_ochroleucus&action=edit&redlink=1)* Maxim. (1871) - [Primorye](/source/Primorye), [Jilin](/source/Jilin), [Korea](/source/Korea), Japan

- *[Nabalus pyramidalis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nabalus_pyramidalis&action=edit&redlink=1)* (C.Shih) Sennikov (2000) - [Sichuan](/source/Sichuan)

- *[Nabalus racemiformis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nabalus_racemiformis&action=edit&redlink=1)* (C.Shih) Sennikov (2000) - [Hebei](/source/Hebei)

- *[Nabalus tatarinowii](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nabalus_tatarinowii&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Maxim.) Nakai (1923) - China, [Primorye](/source/Primorye), [Korea](/source/Korea)

### North American *Nabalus* species

- *[Nabalus alatus](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nabalus_alatus&action=edit&redlink=1)* Hook. (1833) - western rattlesnake root - [AK](/source/Alaska) [BC](/source/British_Columbia) [ALB](/source/Alberta) [WA](/source/Washington_(state)) [OR](/source/Oregon) [ID](/source/Idaho)[MT](/source/Montana)

- *[Nabalus albus](/source/Nabalus_albus)* (L.) Hook. (1833) - white rattlesnake root - [SAS](/source/Saskatchewan) [MAN](/source/Manitoba) [ONT](/source/Ontario) [QUE](/source/Quebec) United States (Great Lakes, Northeast, Appalachians)

- *[Nabalus altissimus](/source/Nabalus_altissimus)* (L.) Hook. (1833) - tall rattlesnake root - [MAN](/source/Manitoba) [ONT](/source/Ontario) [QUE](/source/Quebec) [NB](/source/New_Brunswick) [NS](/source/Nova_Scotia) United States (Northeast, Southeast, South-central)

- *[Nabalus asper](/source/Nabalus_asper)* (Michx.) Torr. & A. Gray (1843) - rough rattlesnake root - United States ([Great Plains](/source/Great_Plains), [Mississippi Valley](/source/Mississippi_Valley))

- *[Nabalus autumnalis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nabalus_autumnalis&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Walter) Weakley (2011) - slender rattlesnake root - [MS](/source/Mississippi) [FL](/source/Florida) [SC](/source/South_Carolina) [NC](/source/North_Carolina) [VA](/source/Virginia) [DE](/source/Delaware) [NJ](/source/New_Jersey)

- *[Nabalus barbatus](/source/Nabalus_barbatus)* (Torr. & A.Gray) A.Heller - barbed rattlesnake root - [TX](/source/Texas) [OK](/source/Oklahoma) [AR](/source/Arkansas) [LA](/source/Louisiana) [KY](/source/Kentucky) [TN](/source/Tennessee) [MS](/source/Mississippi) [AL](/source/Alabama) [GA](/source/Georgia_(U.S._state))

- *[Nabalus boottii](/source/Nabalus_boottii)* DC. (1838) - Boott’s rattlesnake root - [NY](/source/New_York_(state)) [VT](/source/Vermont) [NH](/source/New_Hampshire) [ME](/source/Maine) (possibly a synonym of *Prenanthes boottii*)[8]

- *[Nabalus crepidineus](/source/Nabalus_crepidineus)* (Michx.) DC. (1838) - nodding rattlesnake root - [MN](/source/Minnesota) [IA](/source/Iowa) [MO](/source/Missouri) [AR](/source/Arkansas) [TN](/source/Tennessee) [KY](/source/Kentucky) [IL](/source/Illinois) [IN](/source/Indiana) [WI](/source/Wisconsin) [MI](/source/Michigan) [OH](/source/Ohio) [WV](/source/West_Virginia) [PA](/source/Pennsylvania) [NY](/source/New_York_(state))

- *[Nabalus × mainensis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nabalus_%C3%97_mainensis&action=edit&redlink=1)* (A.Gray) A.Heller [*N. racemosus* × *trifoliolatus*] - Maine rattlesnake root - [NY](/source/New_York_(state)) [QUE](/source/Quebec) [ME](/source/Maine) [NS](/source/Nova_Scotia) [NB](/source/New_Brunswick)

- *[Nabalus racemosus](/source/Nabalus_racemosus)* (Michx.) Hook (1833) - glaucous rattlesnake root - Canada, northern United States

- *[Nabalus roanensis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nabalus_roanensis&action=edit&redlink=1)* Chick. (1880) - Roan Mountain rattlesnake root - southern Appalachians ([VA](/source/Virginia) [NC](/source/North_Carolina) [TN](/source/Tennessee))

- *[Nabalus sagittatus](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nabalus_sagittatus&action=edit&redlink=1)* (A.Gray) Rydb. (1900) - arrow-leaf rattlesnake root - [BC](/source/British_Columbia) [ALB](/source/Alberta) [ID](/source/Idaho) [MT](/source/Montana)

- *[Nabalus serpentarius](/source/Nabalus_serpentarius)* (Pursh) Hook. (1833) - lion's foot rattlesnake root - eastern United States ([MS](/source/Mississippi) + [FL](/source/Florida) to [NH](/source/New_Hampshire))

- *[Nabalus trifoliolatus](/source/Nabalus_trifoliolatus)* Cass. (1825) - three-leaved rattlesnake root - eastern [North America](/source/North_America) ([GA](/source/Georgia_(U.S._state)) to [ONT](/source/Ontario) + [LAB](/source/Labrador))

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** [Cassini, Alexandre Henri Gabriel de. 1825. Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles \[Second edition\] 34: 94-100](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25303049#page/100/mode/1up) in French

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** [Tropicos, *Nabalus* Cass.](http://www.tropicos.org/Name/40024837)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** [Flora of North America FNA Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 264 Rattlesnake root, cankerweed, gall-of-the-earth, *Prenanthes* Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 797. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 349. 1754.](http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=126693)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** [Flora of China Vol. 20-21 Page 341 耳菊属 er ju shu *Nabalus* Cassini in F. Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat. 34: 94. 1825.](http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=121572)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** [Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist](http://dixon.iplantcollaborative.org/CompositaeWeb/default.aspx?Page=NameDetails&TabNum=0&NameId=91472d32-30da-45b8-9f0e-bca49d1406b6)[*[permanent dead link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot)*]

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** [The Plant List search for *Nabalus*](http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=Nabalus)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** [Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps](http://bonap.net/NAPA/TaxonMaps/Genus/County/Nabalus)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** [Compositae Working Group (CWG) (2021). Global Compositae Database. Prenanthes boottii (DC.) A.Gray. Accessed at: https://www.compositae.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1102104 on 2021-05-23](https://compositae.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1102104)[*[permanent dead link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot)*] treats *Nabalus boottii* (Torr. & A.Gray) DC. instead as *[Prenanthes boottii](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prenanthes_boottii&action=edit&redlink=1)* (DC.) A.Gray

Taxon identifiers Nabalus Wikidata: Q5487724 Wikispecies: Nabalus CoL: 5WYN FNA: 121572 FoC: 121572 GBIF: 3123761 GRIN: 15479 iNaturalist: 130953 IPNI: 30008089-2 IRMNG: 1360624 NCBI: 882961 Open Tree of Life: 454640 POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30008089-2 Tropicos: 40024837 VASCAN: 1587 WFO: wfo-4000025256 WoRMS: 1076360

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Nabalus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabalus) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabalus?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.