# NPDPA

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Chemical compound

Not to be confused with [isopropylphenidate](/source/Isopropylphenidate).

Pharmaceutical compound

NPDPA Legal status Legal status AU: S9 (Prohibited substance) DE: NpSG (Industrial and scientific use only) UK: Under Psychoactive Substances Act Illegal in Sweden Identifiers IUPAC name N-(propan-2-yl)-1,2-diphenylethylamine CAS Number 774118-46-6 Y PubChem CID 110817 ChemSpider 99466 UNII 7DZ8JAX6K7 CompTox Dashboard (EPA) DTXSID601336208 Chemical and physical data Formula C17H21N Molar mass 239.362 g·mol−1 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image SMILES c1ccccc1CC(NC(C)C)c2ccccc2 InChI InChI=1S/C17H21N/c1-14(2)18-17(16-11-7-4-8-12-16)13-15-9-5-3-6-10-15/h3-12,14,17-18H,13H2,1-2H3 Key:FBRJTEBLJRHAQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N

**NPDPA** (also known as **isopropylphenidine** or **isophenidine**) is a [dissociative](/source/Dissociative_drug) [anesthetic](/source/Anesthesia) that has been sold online as a [designer drug](/source/Designer_drug).[1][2][3][4] It was first identified in Germany in 2008, and while it has never been as widely sold as related compounds such as [diphenidine](/source/Diphenidine) and [ephenidine](/source/Ephenidine), it has continued to show up in seized drug samples occasionally,[5] and was banned in [Sweden](/source/Sweden) in 2015.

## Metabolism

Isopropylphenidine's [metabolic pathway](/source/Metabolic_pathway) consists of [N-oxidation](/source/N-oxidation), [N-dealkylation](/source/N-Dealkylation), mono- and bis-hydroxylation of the [benzene](/source/Benzene) ring, and [hydroxylation](/source/Hydroxylation) of the [phenyl](/source/Phenyl_group) ring only after N-dealkylation. The dihydroxy metabolites were conjugated by [methylation](/source/Methylation) of one [hydroxy group](/source/Hydroxy_group), and hydroxy metabolites by [glucuronidation](/source/Glucuronidation) or [sulfation](/source/Sulfation).[3][6]

## Legality

Sweden's public health agency suggested that NPDPA be classified as a hazardous substance on 1 June 2015. Due to that suggestion it became a scheduled substance in Sweden, as of 18 August 2015.[7] It has also been proposed for control in [Germany](/source/Germany) under analogue provisions, though these have not yet come into force as of 2016.

In Australia, the [Therapeutic Goods Administration](/source/Therapeutic_Goods_Administration) decided to include NPDPA, with reference to isophenidine, as a Prohibited substance (Schedule 9) within the [Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons](/source/Standard_for_the_Uniform_Scheduling_of_Medicines_and_Poisons) alongside four other phenidine analogs on 1 October 2024.[8]

## See also

- [AD-1211](/source/AD-1211)

- [Fluorolintane](/source/Fluorolintane)

- [Lanicemine](/source/Lanicemine)

- [Methoxphenidine](/source/Methoxphenidine) (MXP)

- [MT-45](/source/MT-45)

- [Propylphenidine](/source/Propylphenidine)

- [Remacemide](/source/Remacemide)

- [UWA-001](/source/UWA-001)

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** Morris H, Wallach J (July–August 2014). "From PCP to MXE: a comprehensive review of the non-medical use of dissociative drugs". *Drug Testing and Analysis*. **6** (7–8): 614–32. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1002/dta.1620](https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fdta.1620). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [24678061](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24678061).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** Meyer MR, Orschiedt T, Maurer HH (February 2013). "Michaelis-Menten kinetic analysis of drugs of abuse to estimate their affinity to human P-glycoprotein". *Toxicology Letters*. **217** (2): 137–42. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.12.012](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.toxlet.2012.12.012). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [23273999](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23273999).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Wink_2014_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Wink_2014_3-1) Wink CS, Meyer GM, Wissenbach DK, Jacobsen-Bauer A, Meyer MR, Maurer HH (October 2014). "Lefetamine-derived designer drugs N-ethyl-1,2-diphenylethylamine (NEDPA) and N-iso-propyl-1,2-diphenylethylamine (NPDPA): metabolism and detectability in rat urine using GC-MS, LC-MSn and LC-HR-MS/MS". *Drug Testing and Analysis*. **6** (10): 1038–48. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1002/dta.1621](https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fdta.1621). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [24591097](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24591097).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Wink CS, Meyer GM, Meyer MR, Maurer HH (November 2015). "Toxicokinetics of lefetamine and derived diphenylethylamine designer drugs-Contribution of human cytochrome P450 isozymes to their main phase I metabolic steps". *Toxicology Letters*. **238** (3): 39–44. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.012](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.toxlet.2015.08.012). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [26276083](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26276083).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-pmid27552699_5-0)** Beharry S, Gibbons S (October 2016). ["An overview of emerging and new psychoactive substances in the United Kingdom"](https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1508803/7/Gibbons_FSI-D-16-00226R1_extracted.pdf) (PDF). *Forensic Science International*. **267**: 25–34. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.08.013](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.forsciint.2016.08.013). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [27552699](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27552699).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** Wink CS, Meyer GM, Zapp J, Maurer HH (February 2015). "Lefetamine, a controlled drug and pharmaceutical lead of new designer drugs: synthesis, metabolism, and detectability in urine and human liver preparations using GC-MS, LC-MS(n), and LC-high resolution-MS/MS". *Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry*. **407** (6): 1545–57. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1007/s00216-014-8414-3](https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00216-014-8414-3). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [25577353](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25577353). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [26014465](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:26014465).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** ["23 nya ämnen kan klassas som narkotika eller hälsofarlig vara"](https://web.archive.org/web/20190617163154/https://www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/nyheter-och-press/nyhetsarkiv/2015/juni/23-nya-amnen-kan-klassas-som-narkotika-eller-halsofarlig-vara/) (in Swedish). Folkhälsomyndigheten. 1 June 2015. Archived from [the original](https://www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/nyheter-och-press/nyhetsarkiv/2015/juni/23-nya-amnen-kan-klassas-som-narkotika-eller-halsofarlig-vara) on 17 June 2019. Retrieved 4 November 2016.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** ["Notice of final decision to amend (or not amend) the current Poisons Standard - ACMS #44, ACCS #38, Joint ACMS-ACCS #36"](https://www.tga.gov.au/resources/publication/scheduling-decisions-final/notice-final-decision-amend-or-not-amend-current-poisons-standard-acms-44-accs-38-joint-acms-accs-36). *Therapeutic Goods Administration*. 27 September 2024. Retrieved 5 October 2025.

v t e Dissociatives Arylcyclo‐ hexylamines Ketamine-related: 2-Bromodeschloroketamine (2-BDCK; bromoketamine) 2-Fluorodeschloroketamine (2-FDCK) 2-FXPr 3-Fluorodeschloroketamine (3-FDCK) A-NK Arketamine ((R)-ketamine) Blixeprodil (GM-1020; (R)-4-FDCK) Deoxymethoxetamine (DMXE) Deschloroketamine (DXE, DCK) Ethketamine (N-ethylnorketamine, NENK) Esketamine ((S)-ketamine) Fluorexetamine (3-FXE) Hydroxetamine (HXE) Ketamine (K) Methoxetamine (MXE) Methoxmetamine (MXM, MXME) Methoxypropamine (MXPr) Methoxyketamine Methoxisopropamine (MXiPr) Norketamine (NK) SN-35210 TFMDCK Tiletamine Tilmetamine XW10508 PCP-related: 2-Oxo-PCE 3-Chloro-PCP 3-Fluoro-PCP 3-HO-PCP 3-Me-PCE 3-MeO-PCE 3-MeO-PCMo 3-MeO-PCP 3-Methyl-PCP 3-Methyl-PCPy 4-Keto-PCP 4-MeO-PCP BDPC Dieticyclidine (PCDE) Eticyclidine (PCE) MDPCP PCPEP PCPr Phencyclidine (PCP) Rolicyclidine (PCPy) TCTHP Tenocyclidine (TCP) Others: Gacyclidine Diarylethylamines Diphenidine (1,2-DEP, DPD) Ephenidine (NEDPA, EPE) Fluorolintane (2-FPPP) Methoxphenidine (MXP) NPDPA (isopropylphenidine, isophenidine) Remacemide Morphinans Dextrallorphan (DXA) Dextromethorphan (DXM) Dextrorphan (DXO) Racemethorphan (methorphan) Racemorphan (morphanol) Inhalants Aliphatic hydrocarbons Butane Gasoline Kerosene Propane Ethers Diethyl ether Enflurane Isoflurane Haloalkanes Chlorofluorocarbons Chloroform Nitrous oxide (N2O) Xenon (Xe) Others 2-MDP (U-23807A) 8A-PDHQ Adamantanes (e.g., amantadine, memantine) Alkyl nitrites/poppers (e.g., amyl nitrite) Aptiganel (Cerestat; CNS-1102) CNS-5161 Delucemine Dexoxadrol Dizocilpine (MK-801) Etoxadrol F-17475 Midafotel (CPPene) NEFA Neramexane PD-137889 Perzinfotel Selfotel (CGS-19755) See also: Hallucinogens Ionotropic glutamate receptor modulators List of hallucinogens

v t e Ionotropic glutamate receptor modulators AMPARTooltip α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor Agonists: Main site agonists: 5-Fluorowillardiine Acromelic acid (acromelate) AMPA BOAA Domoic acid Glutamate Ibotenic acid Proline Quisqualic acid Willardiine; Positive allosteric modulators: Aniracetam Cyclothiazide CX-516 CX-546 CX-614 Farampator (CX-691, ORG-24448) CX-717 CX-1739 CX-1942 Diazoxide Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) IDRA-21 LY-392098 LY-395153 LY-404187 LY-451646 LY-503430 Mibampator (LY-451395) Nooglutyl ORG-26576 Oxiracetam PEPA Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242) Piracetam Pramiracetam S-18986 Tulrampator (S-47445, CX-1632) Antagonists: ACEA-1011 ATPO Becampanel Caroverine CNQX Dasolampanel DNQX Fanapanel (MPQX) GAMS Kaitocephalin Kynurenic acid Kynurenine Licostinel (ACEA-1021) NBQX PNQX Selurampanel Tezampanel Theanine Topiramate YM90K Zonampanel; Negative allosteric modulators: Barbiturates (e.g., pentobarbital, sodium thiopental) Cyclopropane Enflurane Ethanol (alcohol) Evans blue GYKI-52466 GYKI-53655 Halothane Irampanel Isoflurane Perampanel Pregnenolone sulfate RAP-219 Sevoflurane Talampanel; Unknown/unsorted antagonists: Minocycline KARTooltip Kainate receptor Agonists: Main site agonists: 5-Bromowillardiine 5-Iodowillardiine Acromelic acid (acromelate) AMPA ATPA Domoic acid Glutamate Ibotenic acid Kainic acid LY-339434 Proline Quisqualic acid SYM-2081; Positive allosteric modulators: Cyclothiazide Diazoxide Enflurane Halothane Isoflurane Antagonists: ACEA-1011 CNQX Dasolampanel DNQX GAMS Kaitocephalin Kynurenic acid Licostinel (ACEA-1021) LY-382884 NBQX NS102 Selurampanel Tezampanel Theanine Topiramate UBP-302; Negative allosteric modulators: Barbiturates (e.g., pentobarbital, sodium thiopental) Enflurane Ethanol (alcohol) Evans blue NS-3763 Pregnenolone sulfate NMDARTooltip N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor Agonists: Main site agonists: AMAA Aspartate Glutamate Homocysteic acid (L-HCA) Homoquinolinic acid Ibotenic acid NMDA Proline Quinolinic acid Tetrazolylglycine Theanine; Glycine site agonists: β-Fluoro-D-alanine ACBD ACC (ACPC) ACPD AK-51 Apimostinel (NRX-1074) B6B21 CCG D-Alanine D-Cycloserine D-Serine DHPG Dimethylglycine Glycine HA-966 L-687,414 L-Alanine L-Serine Milacemide Neboglamine (nebostinel) Rapastinel (GLYX-13) Sarcosine; Polyamine site agonists: Neomycin Spermidine Spermine; Other positive allosteric modulators: 24S-Hydroxycholesterol DHEATooltip Dehydroepiandrosterone (prasterone) DHEA sulfate (prasterone sulfate) Epipregnanolone sulfate Plazinemdor Pregnenolone sulfate SAGE-201 SAGE-301 SAGE-718 Antagonists: Competitive antagonists: AP5 (APV) AP7 CGP-37849 CGP-39551 CGP-39653 CGP-40116 CGS-19755 CPP Kaitocephalin LY-233053 LY-235959 LY-274614 MDL-100453 Midafotel (d-CPPene) NPC-12626 NPC-17742 PBPD PEAQX Perzinfotel PPDA SDZ-220581 Selfotel; Glycine site antagonists: 4-Cl-KYN (AV-101) 5,7-DCKA 7-CKA ACC ACEA-1011 ACEA-1328 Apimostinel (NRX-1074) AV-101 Carisoprodol CGP-39653 CNQX D-Cycloserine DNQX Felbamate Gavestinel GV-196771 Harkoseride Kynurenic acid Kynurenine L-689560 L-701324 Licostinel (ACEA-1021) LU-73068 MDL-105519 Meprobamate MRZ 2/576 PNQX Rapastinel (GLYX-13) ZD-9379; Polyamine site antagonists: Arcaine Co 101676 Diaminopropane Diethylenetriamine Huperzine A Putrescine; Uncompetitive pore blockers (mostly dizocilpine site): 2-MDP 3-HO-PCP 3-MeO-PCE 3-MeO-PCMo 3-MeO-PCP 4-MeO-PCP 8A-PDHQ 18-MC α-Endopsychosin Alaproclate Alazocine (SKF-10047) Amantadine Aptiganel Argiotoxin-636 Arketamine ARL-12495 ARL-15896-AR ARL-16247 Budipine CNS-5161 Coronaridine Delucemine (NPS-1506) Dexoxadrol Dextrallorphan Dextromethadone Dextromethorphan Dextrorphan Dieticyclidine Diphenidine Dizocilpine Ephenidine Esketamine Etoxadrol Eticyclidine F-17475 Fluorolintane Gacyclidine Ibogaine Ibogamine Indantadol Ketamine Ketobemidone Lanicemine Levomethadone Levomethorphan Levomilnacipran Levorphanol Loperamide Memantine Methadone Methorphan Methoxetamine Methoxphenidine Milnacipran Morphanol NEFA Neramexane Nitromemantine Noribogaine Norketamine Orphenadrine PCPr PD-137889 Pethidine (meperidine) Phencyclamine Phencyclidine Propoxyphene Remacemide Rhynchophylline Rimantadine Rolicyclidine Sabeluzole Tabernanthine Tenocyclidine Tiletamine Tramadol; Ifenprodil (NR2B) site antagonists: Besonprodil Buphenine (nylidrin) CO-101244 (PD-174494) Eliprodil Haloperidol Isoxsuprine Radiprodil (RGH-896) Rislenemdaz (CERC-301, MK-0657) Ro 8-4304 Ro 25-6981 Safaprodil Traxoprodil (CP-101606); NR2A-selective antagonists: MPX-004 MPX-007 TCN-201 TCN-213; Cations: Hydrogen Magnesium Zinc; Alcohols/volatile anesthetics/related: Benzene Butane Chloroform Cyclopropane Desflurane Diethyl ether Enflurane Ethanol (alcohol) Halothane Hexanol Isoflurane Methoxyflurane Nitrous oxide Octanol Sevoflurane Toluene Trichloroethane Trichloroethanol Trichloroethylene Urethane Xenon Xylene; Unknown/unsorted antagonists: ARR-15896 BQ-869 Bumetanide Caroverine Conantokin D-αAA Dexanabinol Flufenamic acid Flupirtine FPL-12495 FR-115427 Furosemide Hodgkinsine Ipenoxazone (MLV-6976) MDL-27266 Metaphit Minocycline MPEP Niflumic acid Pentamidine Pentamidine isethionate Piretanide Psychotridine Transcrocetin (saffron) Unsorted: Allosteric modulators: AGN-241751 See also: Receptor/signaling modulators Metabotropic glutamate receptor modulators Glutamate metabolism/transport modulators

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [NPDPA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPDPA) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPDPA?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.