# NOG mouse

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{{Short description|Immunodeficient mouse strain}}
A '''NOG (NOD/Shi-''scid''/IL-2Rγ<sup>null</sup>) mouse''' is a new generation of severely [immunodeficient](/source/immunodeficient) mouse, developed by [Central Institute for Experimental Animals](/source/Central_Institute_for_Experimental_Animals) (CIEA) in 2000. The NOG mouse accepts heterologous cells much more easily compared with any other type of immunodeficient rodent models, such as [nude mouse](/source/nude_mouse) and NOD/''scid'' mouse. Thus, the mouse can be the best model as a highly efficient recipient of human cells to engraft, proliferate and differentiate.<ref name="pmid 12384415">{{cite journal |  author = M. Ito and | title =NOD/SCID/γ<sup>null</sup> mouse: an excellent recipient mouse model for engraftment of human cells | journal = [Blood](/source/Blood_(journal)) | year = 2002 | volume = 100 |  pages = 3175–3182 | doi =10.1182/blood-2001-12-0207 |  pmid = 12384415 |  issue = 9 |name-list-style=vanc|  display-authors = 1 |  last2 = Hiramatsu |  first2 = H |  last3 = Kobayashi |  first3 = K |  last4 = Suzue |  first4 = K |  last5 = Kawahata |  first5 = M |  last6 = Hioki |  first6 = K |  last7 = Ueyama |  first7 = Y |  last8 = Koyanagi |  first8 = Y |  last9 = Sugamura |  first9 = K|  doi-access = free }}</ref> This unique feature offers a great opportunity for enhancing therapy researches of [cancer](/source/cancer), [leukemia](/source/leukemia), visceral diseases, [AIDS](/source/AIDS), and other human diseases. It also provides applications for cancer, [infection](/source/infection), [regeneration](/source/regeneration_(biology)), and [hematology](/source/hematology) researches.

==Origin==
The NOG mouse was generated in CIEA in 2000 by back-cross mating of C57BL/6J-IL-2Rγ<sup>null</sup> mouse that was originally developed by Kazuo Sugamura, a professor of Tohoku University, to NOD/Shi-''scid'' mouse that was developed in CIEA.

Image:NOG History.png

==Characteristics==
*No activity of [T cell](/source/T_cell), [B cell](/source/B_cell) and [NK cell](/source/NK_cell)
*Reduced [complement system](/source/complement_system) activity
*Dysfunction of [macrophage](/source/macrophage)
*Dysfunction of [dendritic cell](/source/dendritic_cell)
*No leakiness: no incidence of T, B cells with aging
*No incidence of [lymphoma](/source/lymphoma)

NOG mouse has multiple immunodeficiencies that are principally derived from three strains of mice: 1) NOD/Shi inbred strain, 2) SCID, 3) IL-2Rγ<sup>null</sup>. These include: 
*Reduced innate immunity derived from a NOD inbred strain, which involves a macrophage dysfunction, and a defect of complement hemolytic activity and reduced NK activity.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Shultz | first1 = L. D. | last2 = Schweitzer | first2 = P. A. | last3 = Christianson | first3 = S. W. | last4 = Gott | first4 = B. | last5 = Schweitzer | first5 = I. B. | last6 = Tennent | first6 = B. | last7 = McKenna | first7 = S. | last8 = Mobraaten | first8 = L. | last9 = Rajan | first9 = T. V.| year = 1995 | title = Multiple defects in innate and adaptive immunologic function in NOD/LtSz-scid mice | journal = Journal of Immunology | volume = 154 | issue = 1| pages = 180–191  | pmid = 7995938 |display-authors=etal}}</ref> The NOD/Shi inbred strain was first discovered by Makino et al. as autoimmune non-obese-type diabetes mice.<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Kikutani | first1 = H. | last2 = Makino | first2 = S. | title = Advances in Immunology Volume 51 | chapter = The Murine Autoimmune Diabetes Model: NOD and Related Strains | year = 1992 | volume = 51 | pages = 285–322 | doi = 10.1016/S0065-2776(08)60490-3 | pmid = 1323922 | series = Advances in Immunology | isbn = 9780120224517 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Makino | first1 = S. | last2 = Kunimoto | first2 = K. | last3 = Muraoka | first3 = Y. | last4 = Mizushima | first4 = Y. | last5 = Katagiri | first5 = K. | last6 = Tochino | first6 = Y. | year = 1980 | title = Breeding of a non-obese, diabetic strain of mice | journal = Jikken Dobutsu | volume = 29 | issue = 1| pages = 1–13 | pmid = 6995140 | doi=10.1538/expanim1978.29.1_1| doi-access = free }}</ref> 
*Lack of functional T and B cells that is derived from a mutation of protein kinase (Prkdc: protein kinase, DNA activated, catalytic polypeptide), which is the causative gene of the  scid  mutation <ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Bosma | first1 = G. C. | last2 = Custer | first2 = R. P. | last3 = Bosma | first3 = M. J. | year = 1983 | title = A severe combined immunodeficiency mutation in the mouse | journal = Nature | volume = 301 | issue = 5900| pages = 527–530 | doi = 10.1038/301527a0 | pmid = 6823332 | bibcode = 1983Natur.301..527B | s2cid = 4267981 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Kirchgessner | first1 = C. U. | last2 = Patil | first2 = C. K. | last3 = Evans | first3 = J. W. | last4 = Cuomo | first4 = C. A. | last5 = Fried | first5 = L. M. | last6 = Carter | first6 = T. | last7 = Oettinger | first7 = M. A. | last8 = Brown | first8 = J. M. | year = 1995 | title = DNA-dependent kinase (p350) as a candidate gene for the murine SCID defect | journal = Science | volume = 267 | issue = 5201| pages = 1178–1183 | doi = 10.1126/science.7855601 | pmid = 7855601 | bibcode = 1995Sci...267.1178K | s2cid = 29017462 }}</ref> 
*Lack of NK cells, dendritic cell dysfunctions, and other unknown deficiencies due to inactivation of the IL-2Rγ gene.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Ikebe | first1 = M. | last2 = Miyakawa | first2 = K. | last3 = Takahashi | first3 = K. | last4 = Ohbo | first4 = K. | last5 = Nakamura | first5 = M. | last6 = Sugamura | first6 = K. | last7 = Suda | first7 = T. | last8 = Yamamura | first8 = K. | last9 = Tomita | first9 = K.| year = 1997 | title = Lymphohaematopoietic abnormalities and systemic lymphoproliferative disorder in interleukin-2 receptor gamma chain-deficient mice | journal = Int J Exp Pathol | volume = 78 | issue = 3| pages = 133–148  | pmid = 9306921 | pmc = 2694530 |display-authors=etal| doi = 10.1046/j.1365-2613.1997.230356.x }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Ohbo | first1 = K. | last2 = Suda | first2 = T. | last3 = Hashiyama | first3 = M. | last4 = Mantani | first4 = A. | last5 = Ikebe | first5 = M. | last6 = Miyakawa | first6 = K. | last7 = Moriyama | first7 = M. | last8 = Nakamura | first8 = M. | last9 = Katsuki | first9 = M.| year = 1996 | title = Modulation of hematopoiesis in mice with a truncated mutant of the interleukin-2 receptor gamma chain | journal = Blood | volume = 87 | issue = 3| pages = 956–967  | doi = 10.1182/blood.V87.3.956.bloodjournal873956 | pmid = 8562967 |display-authors=etal| doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Ohteki | first1 = T. | last2 = Fukao | first2 = T. | last3 = Suzue | first3 = K. | last4 = Maki | first4 = C. | last5 = Ito | first5 = M. | last6 = Nakamura | first6 = M. | last7 = Koyasu | first7 = S. | year = 1999 | title = Interleukin-12 dependent interferon-g production by CD8a + lymphoid dendritic cells | journal = J Exp Med | volume = 189 | issue = 12| pages = 1981–1986 | doi = 10.1084/jem.189.12.1981 | pmid = 10377194 | pmc = 2192968 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Sugamura | first1 = K. | last2 = Asao | first2 = H. | last3 = Kondo | first3 = M. | last4 = Tanaka | first4 = N. | last5 = Ishii | first5 = N. | last6 = Ohbo | first6 = K. | last7 = Nakamura | first7 = M. | last8 = Takeshita | first8 = T. | year = 1996 | title = The interleukin-2 receptor gamma chain: its role in the multiple cytokine receptor complexes and T cell development in XSCID | journal = Annu Rev Immunol | volume = 14 | pages = 179–205 | doi = 10.1146/annurev.immunol.14.1.179 | pmid = 8717512 }}</ref>

==Applications to medical researches==
*[Cancer](/source/Cancer)
*[Infectious Diseases](/source/Infectious_Diseases)
*[Regenerative Medicine](/source/Regenerative_Medicine)
*[Hematology](/source/Hematology)
*[Humanized mouse](/source/Humanized_mouse)

==See also==
*[Nude mouse](/source/Nude_mouse)
*[SCID mouse](/source/SCID_mouse)

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.ciea.or.jp/English/NOGmouse/NOGmouse1.htm NOG mouse]
* '''Base NOG Mouse''' http://www.taconic.com/nog
* '''TK-NOG http-'''//www.taconic.com/12907
* '''hGM-CSF/hIL3-NOG''' - http://www.taconic.com/13395
* '''B2m-NOG -''' http://www.taconic.com/13439
* '''CIEA Site''' -  https://www.ciea.or.jp/en/nog_mouse.html

Category:Immunology mice

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [NOG mouse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOG_mouse) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOG_mouse?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.