# NCAPH

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Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

NCAPH Identifiers Aliases NCAPH, BRRN1, CAP-H, non-SMC condensin I complex subunit H, MCPH23, CAPH External IDs OMIM: 602332; MGI: 2444777; HomoloGene: 133986; GeneCards: NCAPH; OMA:NCAPH - orthologs Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 2 (human)[1] Band 2q11.2 Start 96,335,766 bp[1] End 96,377,091 bp[1] Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 2 (mouse)[2] Band 2|2 F1 Start 126,945,729 bp[2] End 126,975,874 bp[2] RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in ventricular zone ganglionic eminence gonad left testis right testis testicle secondary oocyte sperm mucosa of transverse colon rectum Top expressed in otic placode tail of embryo saccule genital tubercle otic vesicle fetal liver hematopoietic progenitor cell vas deferens condyle fossa medial ganglionic eminence More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data Gene ontology Molecular function protein binding chromatin binding DNA topoisomerase binding DNA topoisomerase type II (double strand cut, ATP-hydrolyzing) activator activity Cellular component cytoplasm membrane chromosome condensin complex nucleus cytosol Biological process cell division cell cycle chromosome condensation mitotic chromosome condensation meiotic chromosome condensation meiotic chromosome segregation positive regulation of DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity female meiotic nuclear division female meiosis chromosome separation Sources:Amigo / QuickGO Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 23397 215387 Ensembl ENSG00000121152 ENSMUSG00000034906 UniProt Q15003 Q8C156 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001281710 NM_001281711 NM_001281712 NM_015341 NM_144818 RefSeq (protein) NP_001268639 NP_001268640 NP_001268641 NP_056156 NP_659067 Location (UCSC) Chr 2: 96.34 – 96.38 Mb Chr 2: 126.95 – 126.98 Mb PubMed search [3] [4] Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

**Condensin complex subunit 2** also known as **chromosome-associated protein H** (CAP-H) or **non-SMC condensin I complex subunit H** (NCAPH) is a [protein](/source/Protein) that in humans is encoded by the *NCAPH* [gene](/source/Gene).[5][6] CAP-H is a subunit of [condensin](/source/Condensin) I, a large protein complex involved in chromosome condensation. Abnormal expression of NCAPH may be linked to various types of carcinogenesis as a prognostic indicator.[7]

## Function

CAP-H is a member of the barr protein family and a regulatory subunit of the condensin complex. This complex is required for the conversion of [interphase](/source/Interphase) [chromatin](/source/Chromatin) into condensed [chromosomes](/source/Chromosome).[7] CAP-H is associated with [mitotic](/source/Mitosis) chromosomes, except during the early phase of chromosome condensation. During interphase, the protein has a distinct punctate [nucleolar](/source/Nucleolar) localization.[6]

## Structure and interactions

NCAPH, or CAP-H Joining the terminal ends of the SMC-2 and SMC-4 heterodimer to create the condensin holocomplex.

As one of the main subunits in the highly conserved SMC condensin I complex in [eukaryotes](/source/Eukaryote), NCAPH associates with [NCAPG](/source/NCAPG), [NCAPD2](/source/NCAPD2), and the N and C termini of the [SMC-4](/source/SMC4) and [SMC-2](/source/SMC2) proteins. NCAPH creates a bridge between the head groups of the SMC proteins and functions as a kleisin protein.[7][8][9]

The interaction between NCAPH and the globular [ATPase](/source/ATPase) head binding sites of the [C terminus](/source/C-terminus) and [N terminus](/source/N-terminus) of the SMC heterodimer allows condensin to have dynamic properties. The C terminus end of NCAPH assumes [a winged-helix](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A_winged-helix&action=edit&redlink=1) conformation, which then associates with either head group of the SMC protein. At the opposite end of the kleisin protein, the N terminus associates with proximal [coiled coil](/source/Coiled_coil) of the other SMC protein, and creates a [helical bundle](/source/Helix_bundle).[8] This attribute enables the condensin complex to have open and closed conformations in order to associate with chromatin and aid in proper folding of DNA in the condensation process.[9][10]

Studies suggest that the sub-complex formed between NCAPH and NCAPG is critical for interactions with [single-stranded DNA](/source/Single-stranded_DNA) and [double-stranded DNA](/source/Double-stranded_DNA) to assist mitotic chromosome assembly in eukaryotes.[9]

## Clinical significance

NCAPH may be used as a prognostic indicator of [carcinogenesis](/source/Carcinogenesis) in humans, as the abnormal [over-expression](/source/Over_expression) of NCAPH is observed in many cancer types.[11]

Studies show that, in prostate cancer,[12] nasopharyngeal carcinoma,[13] hepatocellular carcinoma,[14] and breast cancers,[15] NCAPH is commonly over-expressed, and may be used as a biomarker for various cancer types and a viable [prognostic](/source/Prognosis) factor for identification and potential drug targeting.[12]

In colon cancer, NCAPH is shown to be higher expressed in cancerous cells compared to non-cancerous epithelial cells. supplementally, when NCAPH is depleted, studies show a decrease in colon cancer cell proliferation.[11][16] Studies show that high expression of NCAPH in colon cancer and non-small cell lung cancer patients had an increased survival rate than those with a lower expression of NCAPH.[16]

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-2) [GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000121152](http://May2017.archive.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?db=core;g=ENSG00000121152) – [Ensembl](/source/Ensembl_genome_database_project), May 2017

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-2) [GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000034906](http://May2017.archive.ensembl.org/Mus_musculus/Gene/Summary?db=core;g=ENSMUSG00000034906) – [Ensembl](/source/Ensembl_genome_database_project), May 2017

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** ["Human PubMed Reference:"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Link&LinkName=gene_pubmed&from_uid=23397). *National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** ["Mouse PubMed Reference:"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Link&LinkName=gene_pubmed&from_uid=215387). *National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-pmid9417923_5-0)** Cabello OA, Baldini A, Bhat M, Bellen H, Belmont JW (December 1997). "Localization of BRRN1, the human homologue of Drosophila barr, to 2q11.2". *Genomics*. **46** (2): 311–313. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1006/geno.1997.5021](https://doi.org/10.1006%2Fgeno.1997.5021). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [9417923](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9417923).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-entrez_6-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-entrez_6-1) ["Entrez Gene: NCAPH non-SMC condensin I complex, subunit H"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=23397).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Cui_2019_7-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Cui_2019_7-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Cui_2019_7-2) Cui F, Hu J, Xu Z, Tan J, Tang H (June 2019). ["Overexpression of NCAPH is upregulated and predicts a poor prognosis in prostate cancer"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6507296). *Oncology Letters*. **17** (6): 5768–5776. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.3892/ol.2019.10260](https://doi.org/10.3892%2Fol.2019.10260). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [6507296](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6507296). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [31186803](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31186803).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Palecek_2015_8-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Palecek_2015_8-1) Palecek JJ, Gruber S (December 2015). ["Kite Proteins: a Superfamily of SMC/Kleisin Partners Conserved Across Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes"](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.str.2015.10.004). *Structure*. **23** (12): 2183–2190. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/j.str.2015.10.004](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.str.2015.10.004). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [26585514](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26585514).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Hara_2019_9-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Hara_2019_9-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Hara_2019_9-2) Hara K, Kinoshita K, Migita T, Murakami K, Shimizu K, Takeuchi K, et al. (May 2019). ["Structural basis of HEAT-kleisin interactions in the human condensin I subcomplex"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6501013). *EMBO Reports*. **20** (5) e47183. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.15252/embr.201847183](https://doi.org/10.15252%2Fembr.201847183). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [6501013](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6501013). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [30858338](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30858338).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** Palecek JJ, Gruber S (December 2015). ["Kite Proteins: a Superfamily of SMC/Kleisin Partners Conserved Across Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes"](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.str.2015.10.004). *Structure*. **23** (12): 2183–2190. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/j.str.2015.10.004](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.str.2015.10.004). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [26585514](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26585514).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Yin_2017_11-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Yin_2017_11-1) Yin L, Jiang LP, Shen QS, Xiong QX, Zhuo X, Zhang LL, et al. (March 2017). ["NCAPH plays important roles in human colon cancer"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5386579). *Cell Death & Disease*. **8** (3): e2680. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1038/cddis.2017.88](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fcddis.2017.88). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [5386579](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5386579). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [28300828](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28300828).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Cui_2019_2_12-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Cui_2019_2_12-1) Cui F, Hu J, Xu Z, Tan J, Tang H (June 2019). ["Overexpression of NCAPH is upregulated and predicts a poor prognosis in prostate cancer"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6507296). *Oncology Letters*. **17** (6): 5768–5776. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.3892/ol.2019.10260](https://doi.org/10.3892%2Fol.2019.10260). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [6507296](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6507296). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [31186803](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31186803).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** Xu L, Jiang Y, Zheng J, Xie G, Li J, Shi L, Fan S (July 2013). "Aberrant expression of β-catenin and E-cadherin is correlated with poor prognosis of nasopharyngeal cancer". *Human Pathology*. **44** (7): 1357–1364. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/j.humpath.2012.10.025](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.humpath.2012.10.025). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [23375645](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23375645).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** Sun C, Huang S, Wang H, Xie R, Zhang L, Zhou Q, et al. (December 2019). ["Non-SMC condensin I complex subunit H enhances proliferation, migration, and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6899668). *Molecular Carcinogenesis*. **58** (12): 2266–2275. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1002/mc.23114](https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fmc.23114). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [6899668](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6899668). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [31523845](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31523845).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** Lu H, Shi C, Wang S, Yang C, Wan X, Luo Y, et al. (October 2020). "Identification of NCAPH as a biomarker for prognosis of breast cancer". *Molecular Biology Reports*. **47** (10): 7831–7842. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1007/s11033-020-05859-9](https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11033-020-05859-9). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [33009967](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33009967). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [222157669](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:222157669).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Xiong_2020_16-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Xiong_2020_16-1) Xiong Q, Fan S, Duan L, Liu B, Jiang X, Chen X, et al. (October 2020). ["NCAPH is negatively associated with Mcl‑1 in non‑small cell lung cancer"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7453632). *Molecular Medicine Reports*. **22** (4): 2916–2924. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.3892/mmr.2020.11359](https://doi.org/10.3892%2Fmmr.2020.11359). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [7453632](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7453632). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [32945371](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32945371).

## Further reading

- Nomura N, Nagase T, Miyajima N, Sazuka T, Tanaka A, Sato S, et al. (1995). ["Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. II. The coding sequences of 40 new genes (KIAA0041-KIAA0080) deduced by analysis of cDNA clones from human cell line KG-1"](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fdnares%2F1.5.223). *DNA Research*. **1** (5): 223–229. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1093/dnares/1.5.223](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fdnares%2F1.5.223). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [7584044](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7584044).

- Hirano T, Kobayashi R, Hirano M (May 1997). ["Condensins, chromosome condensation protein complexes containing XCAP-C, XCAP-E and a Xenopus homolog of the Drosophila Barren protein"](https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0092-8674%2800%2980233-0). *Cell*. **89** (4): 511–521. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80233-0](https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0092-8674%2800%2980233-0). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [9160743](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9160743). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [15061740](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:15061740).

- Kimura K, Cuvier O, Hirano T (February 2001). ["Chromosome condensation by a human condensin complex in Xenopus egg extracts"](https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.C000873200). *The Journal of Biological Chemistry*. **276** (8): 5417–5420. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1074/jbc.C000873200](https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.C000873200). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [11136719](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11136719).

- Cabello OA, Eliseeva E, He WG, Youssoufian H, Plon SE, Brinkley BR, Belmont JW (November 2001). ["Cell cycle-dependent expression and nucleolar localization of hCAP-H"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC60273). *Molecular Biology of the Cell*. **12** (11): 3527–3537. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1091/mbc.12.11.3527](https://doi.org/10.1091%2Fmbc.12.11.3527). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [60273](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC60273). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [11694586](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11694586).

- Heale JT, Ball AR, Schmiesing JA, Kim JS, Kong X, Zhou S, et al. (March 2006). ["Condensin I interacts with the PARP-1-XRCC1 complex and functions in DNA single-strand break repair"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7115950). *Molecular Cell*. **21** (6): 837–848. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/j.molcel.2006.01.036](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.molcel.2006.01.036). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [7115950](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7115950). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [16543152](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16543152).

- Nousiainen M, Silljé HH, Sauer G, Nigg EA, Körner R (April 2006). ["Phosphoproteome analysis of the human mitotic spindle"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1459365). *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America*. **103** (14): 5391–5396. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2006PNAS..103.5391N](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006PNAS..103.5391N). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1073/pnas.0507066103](https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0507066103). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [1459365](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1459365). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [16565220](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16565220).

- Beausoleil SA, Villén J, Gerber SA, Rush J, Gygi SP (October 2006). "A probability-based approach for high-throughput protein phosphorylation analysis and site localization". *Nature Biotechnology*. **24** (10): 1285–1292. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1038/nbt1240](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnbt1240). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [16964243](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16964243). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [14294292](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:14294292).

This article on a gene on human chromosome 2 is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by adding missing information.

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v t e Structures of the cell nucleus / nuclear protein Envelope (membrane)/ nuclear lamina Pore complex: Nucleoporin NUP35 NUP37 NUP43 NUP50 NUP54 NUP62 NUP85 NUP88 NUP93 NUP98 NUP107 NUP133 NUP153 NUP155 NUP160 NUP188 NUP205 NUP210 NUP214 AAAS Nucleolus Cajal (coiled) body SMN GEMIN2 GEMIN4 GEMIN5 GEMIN6 GEMIN7 DDX20 COIL Perinucleolar compartment PTBP1 CUGBP1 TCOF ATXN7 Other Chromatin Dot (PML body) Paraspeckle SMC protein: Cohesin SMC1A SMC1B SMC3 Condensin NCAPD2 NCAPD3 NCAPG NCAPG2 NCAPH NCAPH2 SMC2 SMC4 DNA repair SMC5 SMC6 Transition nuclear protein: TNP1 TNP2 Nuclear matrix (Nucleoskeleton) Nucleoplasm (Nucleosol) LITAF see also transcription factors and intracellular receptors see also nucleus diseases

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