# NBPF15

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**Neuroblastoma breakpoint family, member 15**, also known as **NBPF15**, is a [protein](/source/Protein) which in humans is encoded by the *NBPF15* [gene](/source/Gene).[1] The gene is 18762 bp long, with [mRNA](/source/MRNA) that is 3837 bp long. The gene is located on chromosome 1q21.1. Its sub-cellular location is predicted to be in the [nucleus](/source/Cell_nucleus) and [cytoplasm](/source/Cytoplasm).[2] It contains what is known as the [NBPF repeat](/source/NBPF_repeat), which is a two-[exon](/source/Exon) stretch of sequence that is characteristic of all 21 members of the NBPF gene family. The repeat is considered the ancestral exons, and the NBPF family has been linked to primate evolution.[3]

## Function

The function of NBPF16 is not fully understood. It is a member of the NBPF family of proteins, which have been linked to possible roles in [oncogenesis](/source/Oncogenesis) and [tumor suppressor genes](/source/Tumor_suppressor_genes).[3]

## Protein

The protein is composed of 670 [amino acids](/source/Amino_acids). The gene contains five domains of unknown function, called [DUF1220](/source/Olduvai_domain). DUF1220 domains are found in all members of the NBPF gene family, although the number differs between each member. Repetitive structure with high intergenic and intragenic sequence conservation, both in coding and noncoding regions. Makes it possible for homologous recombination to occur easily between different alleles. The repetitiveness of it, and the other members of the NBPF gene family is thought to have arisen from segmental duplications on chromosome 1.[3]

### Predicted properties

Properties of NBPF16 that were predicted using [bioinformatics](/source/Bioinformatics) tools:

- Molecular weight: 76 kD[4]
- [Isoelectric point](/source/Isoelectric_point): 4.43[5]
- [Post-translational modification](/source/Posttranslational_modification): none predicted.
- No predicted [signal peptide](/source/Signal_peptide) or signal peptide cleavage site.[6]
- No interacting proteins or binding partners.

### Expression

There is little to no expression data available for the gene, but most indications point to it being ubiquitously expressed throughout the body.

## Homology

### Orthologs

There exists no great [orthologs](/source/Orthologs) outside of primates. These orthologs were gathered from BLAT.[7] and BLAST searches[8]

Species Organism common name Sequence identity Sequence similarity Length (AAs) Homo sapiens Human 100% 100% 670 Pan troglodytes Chimpanzee 90% 92% 509 Macaca mulatta Rhesus macaque 57% 68% 620 Gallus gallus Chicken 36% 54% 1394 Rattus norvegicus Norway rat 34% 67% 2324 Bos taurus Cattle 34% 50% 816 Xenopus laevis African clawed frog 33% 52% 728 Mus musculus House mouse 32% 55% 2446

### Paralogs

Due to there being 21 other members of the NBPF gene family, there are 21 [paralogs](/source/Paralogs) of NBPF16. They all show high conservation and repetitive structures.

## References

1. ["Entrez Gene: NBPF16 neuroblastoma breakpoint family, member 16"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=retrieve&dopt=full_report&list_uids=728936&log$=databasead&logdbfrom=protein). Retrieved 13 May 2009.[dead link]

1. ["SDSC Biology Workbench"](http://workbench.sdsc.edu/). San Diego Supercomputer Center. Retrieved 13 May 2009.

1. Vandepoele K, Van Roy N, Staes K, Speleman F, van Roy F (August 2005). "A novel gene family NBPF: intricate structure generated by gene duplications during primate evolution". *Molecular Biology and Evolution*. **22** (11): 2265–2274. [doi:10.1093/molbev/msi222](https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msi222). [PMID 16079250](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16079250)

1. Brendel V, Bucher P, Nourbakhsh IR, Blaisdell BE, Karlin S (March 1992). "Methods and algorithms for statistical analysis of protein sequences". *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America*. **89** (6): 2002–6. [Bibcode:1992PNAS...89.2002B](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992PNAS...89.2002B). [doi:10.1073/pnas.89.6.2002](https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.89.6.2002). [PMC 48584](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC48584). [PMID 1549558](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1549558)

1. ["PI Program (Isoelectric Point Prediction)"](https://web.archive.org/web/20081026062821/http://www.embl-heidelberg.de/cgi/pi-wrapper.pl). Archived from [the original](http://www.embl-heidelberg.de/cgi/pi-wrapper.pl) on 26 October 2008.

1. Bendtsen JD, Nielsen H, von Heijne G, Brunak S (July 2004). "Improved prediction of signal peptides: SignalP 3.0". *Journal of Molecular Biology*. **340** (4): 783–95. [CiteSeerX 10.1.1.165.2784](https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.165.2784). [doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2004.05.028](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2004.05.028). [PMID 15223320](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15223320)

1. ["BLAT Search Genome"](http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgBlat?command=start&org=Human&db=hg18&hgsid=122786349). Retrieved 13 May 2009.

1. ["BLAST"](https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi). Retrieved 13 May 2009.

## Further reading

- August 2006, Ker Than 31 (31 August 2006). ["Brain Gene May Help Make Us Human"](https://www.livescience.com/7127-brain-gene-human.html). *livescience.com*. Retrieved 2020-04-23.

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [NBPF15](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBPF15) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBPF15?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.