# Myosotis uniflora

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Species of flowering plant

Myosotis uniflora Myosotis uniflora cushion in full flower Conservation status Naturally Uncommon (NZ TCS)[1] Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Embryophytes Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Spermatophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Eudicots Clade: Asterids Order: Boraginales Family: Boraginaceae Genus: Myosotis Species: M. uniflora Binomial name Myosotis uniflora Hook.f.[2]

***Myosotis uniflora*** is a species of [flowering plant](/source/Flowering_plant) in the [family](/source/Family_(taxonomy)) Boraginaceae, [endemic](/source/Endemic_species) to the [South Island](/source/South_Island) of [New Zealand](/source/New_Zealand). [Joseph Dalton Hooker](/source/Joseph_Dalton_Hooker) described the species in 1867. Plants of this species of [forget-me-not](/source/Forget-me-nots) are [perennial](/source/Perennial_plant) with a prostrate, compact, cushion or mat habit, short bracteate inflorescences, and cream to yellow corollas.

*M. uniflora* is distributed among cushion-fields and river terraces in the Canterbury and Otago regions. It is listed as Naturally Uncommon by the [New Zealand Threat Classification System](/source/New_Zealand_Threat_Classification_System).

## Description

*Myosotis* plants are compacted cushions or mats that can reach 50 cm in diameter. The many imbricate rosette leaves have [petioles](/source/Petiole_(botany)) 1–4 mm long that are [glabrous](/source/Glabrous_(botany)) but with erect hairs on the edges. The rosette leaf blades are 1–4 mm long by about 1 mm wide (length: width ratio 1.4–4.1: 1), lanceolate to ovate or triangular, widest at or below the middle, with an [acute](/source/Acute_(botany)) apex. The upper and lower surfaces of the leaf are sparsely to densely covered in long, flexuous, appressed to patent, antrorse (forward-facing) hairs that are oriented parallel to the mid vein.

Each rosette has few prostrate to ascending, once-branched, bracteate [inflorescences](/source/Inflorescence) that are up to 60 mm long. The cauline leaves are similar to the rosette leaves but smaller. Each inflorescence has a solitary flower, borne on a short [pedicel](/source/Pedicel_(botany)), with a bract. The calyx is 1–4 mm long at flowering and 2–5 mm long at fruiting, lobed to about half its length, and densely covered in long, antrorse, flexuous (rarely hooked at the calyx base), mostly appressed (few patent) hairs. The corolla is cream to yellow, 2–7 mm in diameter, with a cylindrical tube, petals that are obovate to very broadly obovate or ovate to very broadly ovate, and flat, and small yellow scales alternating with the petals. The anthers are usually fully included, or sometimes partially included with the tips only surpassing the scales. The four smooth, shiny, dark brown nutlets are 1.4–1.7 mm long by 0.8–1.4 mm wide and narrowly ovoid to broadly ovoid in shape.[3]

*M. uniflora* has *M. uniflora* type pollen.[4] The breeding system of *Myosotis uniflora* is [outcrossing](/source/Allogamy), as the flowers are 'always [herkogamous](/source/Herkogamy)', with a high pollen : ovule ratio.[5]

It flowers and fruits from September–March, with the main flowering period October–January and the main fruiting period November–March.[3]

### Gallery

		- Close-up of flowers

		- Close-up of leaves

		- Flowering cushion

		- Leaves

## Taxonomy

*Myosotis uniflora* [Hook.f.](/source/Joseph_Dalton_Hooker) is in the plant family [Boraginaceae](/source/Boraginaceae) and was described in 1867 by [Joseph Dalton Hooker](/source/Joseph_Dalton_Hooker).[6][2][7] It is morphologically most similar to the other two cushion- or mat-forming species, *[M. pulvinaris](/source/Myosotis_pulvinaris)* and *[M. glabrescens](/source/Myosotis_glabrescens).[3][6] Myosotis uniflora* differs from these two species in its ecology and morphology, including its cream to yellow corollas; acute, lanceolate to ovate narrow (< 1.3 mm) rosette leaf lamina; and narrow petioles (< 1.2 mm wide).[3]

The lectotype specimen of *Myosotis uniflora* is lodged at [Kew Herbarium](/source/Kew_Herbarium) (K000787907).[3][8] Two isolectotypes (K000787908 and K000787910) are also found on the same sheet as the lectotype, and a third isolectotype is at the Allan Herbarium of [Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research](/source/Manaaki_Whenua_%E2%80%93_Landcare_Research) (CHR 97402).[3][9]

The [specific epithet](/source/Specific_epithet), *uniflora*, is derived from Latin for 'one-flowered'.[3]

### Phylogeny

*Myosotis uniflora* was shown to be a part of the [monophyletic](/source/Monophyletic) southern hemisphere lineage of *Myosotis* in [phylogenetic](/source/Phylogenetics) analyses of standard DNA sequencing markers ([nuclear ribosomal DNA](/source/Ribosomal_DNA) and [chloroplast DNA](/source/Chloroplast_DNA) regions).[10] The two sequenced individuals of *M. uniflora* were near but not sister to each other in the nuclear ribosomal DNA phylogeny, grouping with other bracteate-prostrate species such as *M. glauca* and *M. antarctica.[10]* Within the southern hemisphere lineage, species relationships were not well resolved.[11][10]

## Distribution and habitat

Flowering plants in herbfield and cushionfield terrace habitat

*Myosotis uniflora* is a [forget-me-not](/source/Forget-me-not) endemic to the South Island of New Zealand in the ecological districts of Canterbury and Otago from 210–850 m ASL elevation.[6] It is mainly found in Otago, but is also known from Westland, Canterbury and Fiordland from 1020–2130 m ASL.[3] *M. uniflora* plants are found scattered throughout lowland river-bed flats and terraces, with other cushions, herbs and subshrubs.[3] They are closely associated with cushionfield, moss-stonefield and stonefield plant communities in upper river catchments.[12]

## Conservation status

The species is listed as "At Risk - Naturally Uncommon" on the most recent assessment (2017-2018) under the [New Zealand Threatened Classification](/source/New_Zealand_Threat_Classification_System) system for plants, with the qualifiers "Sp" (Sparse) and "DP" (Data Poor).[1][3]

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-NZTCS_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-NZTCS_1-1) Lange, Peter J. de; Rolfe, Jeremy R.; Barkla, John W.; Courtney, Shannel P.; Champion, Paul D.; Perrie, Leon R.; Beadel, Sarah M.; Ford, Kerry A.; Breitwieser, Ilse; Schönberger, Ines; Hindmarsh-Walls, Rowan (May 2018). ["Conservation status of New Zealand indigenous vascular plants, 2017"](https://www.doc.govt.nz/globalassets/documents/science-and-technical/nztcs22entire.pdf) (PDF). *New Zealand Threat Classification Series*. **22**: 45. [OCLC](/source/OCLC_(identifier)) [1041649797](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1041649797).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Hooker_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Hooker_2-1) Hooker, Joseph Dalton (1867). [*Handbook of the New Zealand flora : a systematic description of the native plants of New Zealand and the Chatham, Kermadec's, Lord Auckland's, and Macquarrie's islands*](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/228754). London: Reeve & Co. p. 193.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-csiro_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-csiro_3-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-csiro_3-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-csiro_3-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-csiro_3-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-csiro_3-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-csiro_3-6) [***h***](#cite_ref-csiro_3-7) [***i***](#cite_ref-csiro_3-8) [***j***](#cite_ref-csiro_3-9) Meudt, Heidi M.; Prebble, Jessica M. (28 February 2018). ["Species limits and taxonomic revision of the bracteate-prostrate group of southern hemisphere forget-me-nots (Myosotis, Boraginaceae), including description of three new species endemic to New Zealand"](https://www.publish.csiro.au/sb/SB17045). *Australian Systematic Botany*. **31** (1): 48–105. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1071/SB17045](https://doi.org/10.1071%2FSB17045). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [1446-5701](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1446-5701). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [90834744](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:90834744).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Meudt, HM (1 October 2016). ["Pollen morphology and its taxonomic utility in the Southern Hemisphere bracteate-prostrate forget-me-nots (Myosotis, Boraginaceae)"](https://doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.2016.1229343). *New Zealand Journal of Botany*. **54** (4): 475–497. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1080/0028825X.2016.1229343](https://doi.org/10.1080%2F0028825X.2016.1229343). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0028-825X](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-825X). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [89118799](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:89118799).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** Robertson, A. W.; Lloyd, D. G. (1991). ["Herkogamy, dichogamy and self-pollination in six species of Myosotis (Boraginaceae)"](https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Herkogamy%2C+dichogamy+and+self-pollination+in+six+species+of+Myosotis+%28Boraginaceae%29&author=Robertson%2C+A.W.&publication_year=1991). *Evolutionary Trends in Plants*. [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [1011-3258](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1011-3258).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:2_6-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:2_6-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:2_6-2) Moore, L.B. ["Boraginaceae. In 'Flora of New Zealand'. (Ed. HH Allan) Vol. 1, pp. 806–833"](https://floraseries.landcareresearch.co.nz/pages/Taxon.aspx?id=_2dd90ab4-331f-4d49-bb31-b0a843e65931&fileName=Flora%201.xml). *(Government Printer: Wellington, New Zealand) floraseries.landcareresearch.co.nz*. Retrieved 27 April 2022.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** ["Myosotis uniflora"](https://www.nzpcn.org.nz/flora/species/myosotis-uniflora/). *New Zealand Plant Conservation Network*. Retrieved 22 June 2022.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** ["Myosotis uniflora lectotype on JSTOR"](https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.k000787907?searchUri=filter=name&so=ps_group_by_genus_species+asc&Query=%2528myosotis+uniflora%2529). *plants.jstor.org*. Retrieved 29 June 2022.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** ["Myosotis uniflora"](https://scd.landcareresearch.co.nz/Specimen/CHR%2097402?collection=CHR&searchCollection=CHR&query=97402&currentDisplayTab=list&pageNumber=0&sortField=relevance). *scd.landcareresearch.co.nz*. Retrieved 29 June 2022.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:0_10-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:0_10-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:0_10-2) Meudt, Heidi M.; Prebble, Jessica M.; Lehnebach, Carlos A. (1 May 2015). ["Native New Zealand forget-me-nots (Myosotis, Boraginaceae) comprise a Pleistocene species radiation with very low genetic divergence"](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-014-1166-x). *Plant Systematics and Evolution*. **301** (5): 1455–1471. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1007/s00606-014-1166-x](https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00606-014-1166-x). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [2199-6881](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2199-6881). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [254048318](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:254048318).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-:3_11-0)** Winkworth, Richard C; Grau, Jürke; Robertson, Alastair W; Lockhart, Peter J (1 August 2002). ["The origins and evolution of the genus Myosotis L. (Boraginaceae)"](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790302002105). *Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution*. **24** (2): 180–193. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00210-5](https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS1055-7903%2802%2900210-5). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [1055-7903](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1055-7903). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [12144755](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12144755).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** Woolmore, CB (2011). [*The Vegetation of Braided Rivers in the Upper Waitaki Basin: South Canterbury, New Zealand*](https://www.doc.govt.nz/Documents/conservation/land-and-freshwater/Freshwater/braided-river-vegetation.pdf) (PDF). Christchurch, New Zealand: Department of Conservation, Canterbury Conservancy. pp. 1–67. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-478-14881-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-478-14881-7).

## External links

- [*Myosotis uniflora* occurrence data from Australasian Virtual Herbarium](https://avh.ala.org.au/occurrences/search?taxa=myosotis+uniflora#tab_mapView)

- Media related to [Myosotis uniflora](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Myosotis_uniflora) at Wikimedia Commons

Taxon identifiers Myosotis uniflora Wikidata: Q17416916 Wikispecies: Myosotis uniflora CoL: 4566L GBIF: 5660601 iNaturalist: 404055 IPNI: 119309-1 NCBI: 1302933 NZOR: 39b242ee-91c7-45ec-a186-411041563955 NZPCN: 766 Open Tree of Life: 5512872 POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:119309-1 WFO: wfo-0000368313

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