# Myositis > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Myositis > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Myositis.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myositis > Source revision: 1339691880 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{short description|Inflammation of skeletal muscle}} {{for multi|the "forget-me-not" plant|Myosotis|the phase of cell division|Mitosis|the "mouse-eared bats"|Myotis}} {{Infobox medical condition (new) | name = Myositis | synonyms = | image = IBM rimmed vacuoles HE x200.jpg | caption = A muscle biopsy from someone who is diagnosed with{{clarify|date=July 2024}}{{explain|date=July 2024|reason=what in the picture shows that, what is what?}} myositis. | pronounce = | field = [Rheumatology](/source/Rheumatology) | symptoms = | complications = [Amplified musculoskeletal pain syndrome](/source/Amplified_musculoskeletal_pain_syndrome){{cite web |url=https://www.childrens.com/specialties-services/conditions/amplified-musculoskeletal-pain-syndrome-amps |title=Amplified Musculoskeletal Pain Syndrome (AMPS) |publisher=Children's Health}} | onset = | duration = | types = | causes = [Autoimmunity](/source/Autoimmunity), [idiopathic](/source/idiopathic), [adverse drug reaction](/source/adverse_drug_reaction) | risks = | diagnosis = | differential = | prevention = | treatment = | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = | deaths = }} '''Myositis''' is a rarely encountered [medical condition](/source/Disease) characterized by [inflammation](/source/inflammation) affecting the [muscles](/source/Skeletal_muscle).{{cite journal |vauthors=Carstens PO, Schmidt J |date=March 2014 |title=Diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment of myositis: recent advances |journal=Clinical and Experimental Immunology |volume=175 |issue=3 |pages=349–358 |doi=10.1111/cei.12194 |pmc=3927896 |pmid=23981102}} The manifestations of this condition may include [skin](/source/Human_skin) issues, [muscle weakness](/source/muscle_weakness), and the potential involvement of other organs.{{cite journal |vauthors=Betteridge Z, McHugh N |date=July 2016 |title=Myositis-specific autoantibodies: an important tool to support diagnosis of myositis |journal=Journal of Internal Medicine |volume=280 |issue=1 |pages=8–23 |doi=10.1111/joim.12451 |pmid=26602539 |s2cid=41157692 |doi-access=free}} Additionally, [systemic symptom](/source/systemic_symptom)s like weight loss, [fatigue](/source/fatigue), and [low-grade fever](/source/low-grade_fever) can manifest in individuals with myositis. ==Causes== Myositis can arise from various causes, including [injury](/source/injury), certain [medication](/source/medication)s, [infection](/source/infection)s, inherited muscle disorders, or [autoimmune conditions](/source/Autoimmune_disease). In some instances, the origins of myositis remain [idiopathic](/source/Idiopathic_disease), without a discernible cause. * Injury: A mild form of myositis can occur with hard exercise.{{Cite web | vauthors = Hoffman M | veditors = DerSarkissian C | date = 19 April 2021 |title=Myositis: Symptoms and Causes |url=https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/myositis-symptoms-treatments-prognosis |access-date=2022-06-12 |website=WebMD |language=en}} A more severe form of muscle injury, called [rhabdomyolysis](/source/rhabdomyolysis), is also associated with myositis. This is a condition where an injury to the patient's muscles causes them to quickly break down. * Medicines: A variety of different medicines can cause myositis. One of the most common types of drugs that can cause myositis are [statin](/source/statin)s, which are used to lower cholesterol levels. One of the most common side effects of statin therapy is muscle pain{{cite journal | vauthors = Sathasivam S, Lecky B | title = Statin induced myopathy | journal = BMJ | volume = 337 | article-number = a2286 | date = November 2008 | pmid = 18988647 | doi = 10.1136/bmj.a2286 | s2cid = 3239804 }} which, more rarely, can lead to myositis. * Infection: The most common infectious cause of myositis is [viral infections](/source/viral_infections), such as the common cold. Other viruses, such as [COVID-19](/source/COVID-19), are also shown to be a rare cause of myositis.{{cite journal | vauthors = Saud A, Naveen R, Aggarwal R, Gupta L | title = COVID-19 and Myositis: What We Know So Far | journal = Current Rheumatology Reports | volume = 23 | issue = 8 | page = 63 | date = July 2021 | pmid = 34216297 | pmc = 8254439 | doi = 10.1007/s11926-021-01023-9 }} [Benign acute childhood myositis](/source/Benign_acute_childhood_myositis) has been described in children after prodromal viral infections with different viral agents. [Bacterial](/source/Bacterial_infection), [parasitic](/source/Parasitic_infection), and [fungal infection](/source/fungal_infection)s are other infectious causes of myositis.{{cite journal | vauthors = Szczęsny P, Świerkocka K, Olesińska M | title = Differential diagnosis of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies in adults - the first step when approaching a patient with muscle weakness | journal = Reumatologia | volume = 56 | issue = 5 | pages = 307–315 | date = 2018 | pmid = 30505013 | pmc = 6263305 | doi = 10.5114/reum.2018.79502 }} * Inherited muscle disease: Many inherited myopathies may have secondary myositis, including [calpainopathy](/source/calpainopathy), [dysferlinopathy](/source/dysferlinopathy), [facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy](/source/facioscapulohumeral_muscular_dystrophy), [dystrophinopathy](/source/dystrophinopathy), and ''[LMNA](/source/LMNA)''-associated myopathy.{{cite journal | vauthors = Tarnopolsky MA, Hatcher E, Shupak R | title = Genetic Myopathies Initially Diagnosed and Treated as Inflammatory Myopathy | journal = The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences. Le Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques | volume = 43 | issue = 3 | pages = 381–384 | date = May 2016 | pmid = 26911292 | doi = 10.1017/cjn.2015.386 | s2cid = 25515951 | doi-access = free }} * Autoimmune: [Autoimmune disease](/source/Autoimmune_disease) is an abnormal immune response to specific body protein or other biomolecular target, such as one of the muscles. The three main types of idiopathic myositis (known as [inflammatory myopathies](/source/Inflammatory_myopathy)) that typically test positive for [autoantibodies](/source/autoantibodies) are [dermatomyositis](/source/dermatomyositis), [polymyositis](/source/polymyositis), and [inclusion body myositis](/source/inclusion_body_myositis). Other autoimmune diseases, such as [systemic lupus erythematosus](/source/systemic_lupus_erythematosus), can also cause myositis-like symptoms. ==Diagnosis== There are various tools that can be used to help diagnose myositis. The most common methods are physical examination, [electromyography](/source/electromyography) (EMG), [magnetic resonance imaging](/source/magnetic_resonance_imaging) (MRI), [muscle biopsy](/source/muscle_biopsy), and [blood test](/source/blood_test)s. The first course of action a doctor will likely take is perform a physical exam. The doctor assesses for muscle weakness or rashes. Another possible test is electromyography. This test involves the insertion of small needles into the patient's muscles. This allows a physician to look at the muscles' responses to various electrical [nerve stimuli](/source/Nerve_stimulation) and evaluate which muscles potentially have myositis. [Magnetic resonance imaging](/source/Magnetic_resonance_imaging) can be useful in diagnosis,{{cite journal | vauthors = Pipitone N | title = Value of MRI in diagnostics and evaluation of myositis | journal = Current Opinion in Rheumatology | volume = 28 | issue = 6 | pages = 625–630 | date = November 2016 | pmid = 27454210 | doi = 10.1097/BOR.0000000000000326 | s2cid = 25027014 }} allowing painless, [non-invasive](/source/Non-invasive_procedure) visualisation of any [muscle wastage](/source/Muscle_atrophy). Muscle biopsies, however, are the most reliable tests for diagnosing myositis. There are also a variety of blood tests available that help in the diagnosis of myositis. The doctor may look for an elevation of [creatine kinase](/source/Lysine_carboxypeptidase) in the blood, which is indicative of muscle inflammation. Certain [autoantibodies](/source/Autoantibody) (antibodies that target muscle cells) can also be found in the blood, which can indicate that myositis is caused by an autoimmune disease. Some specific examples of autoantibodies are [Anti-Jo-1](/source/Inflammatory_myopathy), Anti-HMGCR, Anti-TIF1, etc. ==Treatment== Treatment for myositis depends on the underlying cause. For myositis, which is caused by a viral infection, no treatment is typically needed. For myositis caused by a bacterial infection, antibiotics can be used. For myositis caused by a medication, it is important to stop using that medication. There are a variety of treatment options available if myositis is caused by an autoimmune disease. [Glucocorticoid](/source/Glucocorticoid)s are often the first choice for treatment.{{cite journal | vauthors = Sasaki H, Kohsaka H | title = Current diagnosis and treatment of polymyositis and dermatomyositis | journal = Modern Rheumatology | volume = 28 | issue = 6 | pages = 913–921 | date = November 2018 | pmid = 29669460 | doi = 10.1080/14397595.2018.1467257 | s2cid = 4934267 }} This drug works to weaken the immune system so that it is not able to attack the muscles. It is a type of [steroid](/source/steroid) and can cause a wide array of side effects, such as mood changes, increased hunger, trouble sleeping, etc. Another treatment option is a steroid-sparing [immunosuppressive](/source/Immunosuppressive_drug) agent. This also works to weaken the immune system but does not cause the side effects that steroids do. Another treatment option is a class of drugs called [biologics](/source/biologics). Also, intravenous [immunoglobulins](/source/immunoglobulins) (IVIg) have been shown to be effective in the treatment of myositis caused by an [autoimmune disease](/source/autoimmune_disease).{{cite journal | vauthors = Mulhearn B, Bruce IN | title = Indications for IVIG in rheumatic diseases | journal = Rheumatology | volume = 54 | issue = 3 | pages = 383–391 | date = March 2015 | pmid = 25406359 | pmc = 4334686 | doi = 10.1093/rheumatology/keu429 }} == See also == * [Benign acute childhood myositis](/source/Benign_acute_childhood_myositis) * [Inflammatory myopathies](/source/Inflammatory_myopathy) * [Myopathy](/source/Myopathy) (muscle disease) * [Myalgia](/source/Myalgia) (muscle pain) * [Masticatory muscle myositis](/source/Masticatory_muscle_myositis) (a disease in dogs) * [Perimyositis](/source/Perimyositis) * [Sarcoidosis § Bones, joints, and muscles](/source/Sarcoidosis) == References == {{reflist}} == External links == * [https://www.medlineplus.gov/myositis.html Myositis]: NIH {{Medical resources | DiseasesDB = 29473 | ICD10 = {{ICD10|M|60||m|60}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|729.1}} | ICDO = | OMIM = 160750 | MedlinePlus = 001245 | eMedicineSubj = | eMedicineTopic = | MeshID = D009220 }} {{Systemic connective tissue disorders}} {{Myopathy}} Myositis Association https://www.myositis.org Category:Inflammations Category:Muscular disorders --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Myositis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myositis) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myositis?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.