# Musterschule

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The **Musterschule** ("model school") is a [gymnasium](/source/Gymnasium_(Germany)) in [Frankfurt](/source/Frankfurt), Germany. It was founded on 18 April 1803 by Wilhelm Friedrich Hufnagel as a *[Realschule](/source/Realschule)* and is Frankfurt's second oldest higher school after the [Lessing Gymnasium](/source/Lessing-Gymnasium,_Frankfurt). It received the name *Musterschule* due to being an experimental and [progressive](/source/Progressive_education) school based on [Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi](/source/Johann_Heinrich_Pestalozzi)'s educational ideas. In accordance with this tradition, the school has been named a "center for [music education](/source/Music_education) and [gifted education](/source/Gifted_education)" by the Hessian ministry of culture. Since the 19th century, it has been renowned throughout Germany and abroad as a progressive *[Realgymnasium](/source/Gymnasium_(Germany))*.[1] The Musterschule is a neighbour of the [Philanthropin](/source/Philanthropin), the renowned Jewish school founded by [Mayer Amschel Rothschild](/source/Mayer_Amschel_Rothschild), which is found on the other side of Eckenheimer [Landstraße](/source/Landstra%C3%9Fe).

## History

The school was founded as a private school, after Wilhelm Friedrich Hufnagel, Friedrich Maximilian von Günderrode and Simon [Moritz von Bethmann](/source/Moritz_von_Bethmann) had collected funds for this purpose. Its first teacher was Friedrich Vertraugott Klitscher (1772–1809), a supporter of Pestalozzi. The school initially had nine pupils and was located in Rotkreuzgasse–6. From its foundation the school was [coeducational](/source/Coeducation) and thus had both male and female pupils. The initial tuition fee was 15 [Gulden](/source/Guilder), from 1807 25 Gulden.[2]

In 1805 Klitscher was succeeded by [Friedrich Wilhelm August Fröbel](/source/Friedrich_Fr%C3%B6bel) as the school's head teacher. In 1806 the school moved to *Große Friedberger Gasse*. As of 1805, the school had 130 pupils, as of 1812 it had 350 pupils and as of 1819 it had 555 pupils, including 212 girls. In 1819 the *Musterschule* became a state school in the then independent [city-state](/source/City-state) of Frankfurt, and its teachers became state officials.

The school was located in the *Mauerweg*, in the buildings of the current Klingerschule, from 1880 to 1901. In 1901 the school moved to its current location in [Frankfurt-Nordend](/source/Frankfurt-Nordend). The [Philanthropin](/source/Philanthropin), Frankfurt's most renowned Jewish school, shortly after moved into a neighbouring building across the street. The Musterschule also had a high proportion of Jewish pupils, around 20%, until the 1930s when they were gradually forced out by the Nazis. Most of them belonged to families who had been living in Frankfurt for an extended period of time.[3]

The school has a close cooperation with the [Hoch Conservatory](/source/Hoch_Conservatory) and with the Elisabethenschule, a gymnasium formed in 1876 as a higher girls' school from the girls' department of the Musterschule.

## Notable teachers

- Friedrich Vertraugott Klitscher (teacher 1803–1809)
- Heinrich Wilhelm Seel (director from 1810)
- Anton Kirchner (teacher 1804–1807)
- [Friedrich Wilhelm August Fröbel](/source/Friedrich_Fr%C3%B6bel) (teacher 1805/1811)
- [Adolph Diesterweg](/source/Adolph_Diesterweg) (teacher 1811–1820)
- Georg Hassel (teacher 1818–1821)
- [Wilhelm Heinrich Ackermann](/source/Wilhelm_Heinrich_Ackermann) (teacher 1820–1847)
- Carl Kühner (teacher 1851–1867)
- [Gustav Weinberg](/source/Gustav_Weinberg)
- Eduard Ziehen (teacher 1925–1945)

## Alumni

- [Rudolf Jung](/source/Rudolf_Jung) (1859–1922), historian
- [Arthur von Weinberg](/source/Arthur_von_Weinberg) (1860–1943), industrialist and honorary citizen of Frankfurt
- [Theodor Ziehen](/source/Theodor_Ziehen) (1862–1950), psychiatrist and philosopher
- Julius Ziehen (1864–1925), pedagogue
- Franziska Braun (born 1885), first regular female student at the TH Darmstadt (1908–1912)
- [Ludwig Hirschfeld Mack](/source/Ludwig_Hirschfeld_Mack) (1893–1965), painter
- [Nahum Goldmann](/source/Nahum_Goldmann) (1894–1982), founder and president of the [World Jewish Congress](/source/World_Jewish_Congress)
- [Ernst Fraenkel](/source/Ernst_Fraenkel_(political_scientist)) (1898–1975), political scientist
- [Ernst von Salomon](/source/Ernst_von_Salomon) (1902–1972), author
- [Wolfgang Abendroth](/source/Wolfgang_Abendroth) (1906–1985), political scientist
- Armin K.W. Kutzsche (1914–1995), bacteriologist
- Herbert Hess (born 1933), jazz musician
- Dieter Bartetzko (born 1949), editor of *[Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung](/source/Frankfurter_Allgemeine_Zeitung)*
- Tobias Utter (born 1962), CDU politician
- Stephan Zind (born 1964), pianist and co-founder of the Frankfurt Music Academy[4]
- Etienne Gardé (born 1978), TV presenter
- Hila Bronstein (born 1983), singer, known as a member of [Bro'Sis](/source/Bro'Sis)

## Literature

- *Festschrift zur Hundertjahrfeier der Musterschule (Musterschule und Elisabethenschule) in Frankfurt a. Main 1803–1903*. Frankfurt, 1903
- Max Walter: *Erziehung der Schüler zur Selbstverwaltung am Reform-Realgymnasium "Musterschule" Frankfurt am Main*, Weidmann, Berlin, 1919
- Peter Müller (ed.): *Vom Werden, Wirken und Wesen der Musterschule zu Frankfurt a. M.: Festgabe zum 125jährigen Jubiläum 1803–1928*
- Kuno Banholzer (ed.): *Festschrift des Realgymnasiums Musterschule zur 150-Jahrfeier 1803–1953.* Rauch, Frankfurt, 1953
- Dieter Kallus, Eberhard Aulmann (ed.): *Musterschule 1803–2003: Festschrift zum 200-jährigen Bestehen des Gymnasiums in Frankfurt am Main*, Frankfurt, 2003

## References

1. [Gerhard Menk](/source/Gerhard_Menk), *Vom Bismarckianer zum Liberalen: der Politiker und Lehrer [Otto Hufnagel](/source/Otto_Hufnagel) (1885–1944) in Waldeck und Frankfurt am Main*, Elwert, 2006, p. 716

1. Heinrich Meidinger, *Frankfurt's gemeinnützige Anstalten : eine historisch-statistische Darstellung der milden Stiftungen, Stipendien, Wittwen u. Waisen-, Hülfs- und Sparkassen, Vereine, Schulen &c.; nebst einem geschichtlichen Ueberblick der in dieser Stadt erschienenen periodischen Schriften und Lokalblätter; von der ältesten bis auf die gegenwärtige Zeit*, Frankfurt am Main 1845,

1. [150 Namen gegen das Vergessen](http://www.musterschule.de/archiv/fnp110203.htm)

1. [Stephan Zind](http://www.rsi.ch/argerich/welcome.cfm?lng=1&ids=491&idc=40680) [Frankfurt Music Academy](http://www.myfma.de/)

## External links

- [Official site](http://www.musterschule.de/)
- [Förderverein der Musterschule](http://www.musterschulverein.de/)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Musterschule](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musterschule) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musterschule?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.