# Mustafa Subhi > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Mustafa_Subhi > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Mustafa_Subhi.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Subhi > Source revision: 1338442389 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{Short description|Turkish revolutionary}} {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}} {{Expand Turkish|topic=bio|Mustafa Suphi|date=November 2020}} {{Infobox person | name = Mustafa Suphi | image = Mustafa Suphi-4.3.png | image_size = 150px | alt = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = 1883 | birth_place = [Giresun Province](/source/Giresun_Province), [Ottoman Empire](/source/Ottoman_Empire) | death_date = {{Death date and age|1921|01|28|1883|df=y}} | death_place = [Black Sea](/source/Black_Sea) | other_names = | occupation = | years_active = | known_for = Founding the [Communist Party of Turkey](/source/Communist_Party_of_Turkey_(historical)) | notable_works = }} '''Mustafa Suphi''' or '''Mustafa Subhi''' (1883 – 28 January 1921) was a [Turkish](/source/Turkish_people) revolutionary and [communist](/source/communist) during the period of [dissolution of the Ottoman Empire](/source/dissolution_of_the_Ottoman_Empire). == Early life == Suphi was born in 1883 in [Giresun Province](/source/Giresun_Province), in the [Ottoman Empire](/source/Ottoman_Empire), now located in [Turkey](/source/Turkey). He was educated in [Jerusalem](/source/Jerusalem), [Damascus](/source/Damascus) and [Erzurum](/source/Erzurum) before he attended [Galatasaray High School](/source/Galatasaray_High_School). He studied political science in [Paris](/source/Paris), where he was also a correspondent of the Turkish newspaper ''[Tanin](/source/Tanin_(newspaper))''. He returned to Turkey in 1910, where he edited the newspaper ''Ifham''. He also gave lectures on [law](/source/law) and [economics](/source/economics). In 1913 he was accused of involvement in the assassination of [Mahmud Şevket Pasha](/source/Mahmud_%C5%9Eevket_Pasha) and sentenced to fifteen years of exile in [Sinop](/source/Sinop%2C_Turkey). There, he contributed articles about western philosophy to the periodicals ''Ictiha'' and ''Hak''. However, in 1914 he escaped from Sinop and fled to Russia, where, following the outbreak of the [First World War](/source/First_World_War), Russian authorities regarded him as a prisoner of war and sent him into exile in the [Ural](/source/Ural_(region)) region. ==Communist activism== [[File:CPT leaders in Azerbaijan.jpg|250px|thumbnail|Communist Party of Turkey founder Mustafa Suphi (left), general secretary [Ethem Nejat](/source/Ethem_Nejat) (middle) and İsmail Hakkı (right) (bottom row)]] 200px|thumbnail|Manifesto of the Communist Party, translated to Turkish by Mustafa Suphi in 1919 (unfinished) In 1915, he was in the Urals, where he joined the [Bolshevik](/source/Bolshevik) Party. In July 1918, he helped organise the [Congress of the Turkish Left Socialists](/source/Congress_of_the_Turkish_Left_Socialists), held in Moscow, and in November, he became involved in [Muskom](/source/Muskom). He was also elected to the ''Central Committee of the All Russia Muslim Workers'' section of [Narkomnats](/source/Narkomnats). He acted as [Mirsäyet Soltanğäliev](/source/Mirs%C3%A4yet_Soltan%C4%9F%C3%A4liev)'s secretary.''Left Wing of the Turkish Communist Party'' by Enternasyonalist Komunist Sol, October 2008 In 1918 he founded ''[Yeni Dünya](/source/Yeni_D%C3%BCnya)'' (New World) in Moscow and used it to popularise the foundations of scientific socialism to Turkish prisoners-of-war.Mirsaid Sultan-Galiev, "Mustafa Subkhi i ego rabota," ''Zhizn natsionalnostei'', no. 14 (112), 16 August 1921.{{cite journal|author=Adeeb Khalid|title=Central Asia between the Ottoman and the Soviet Worlds|journal=Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History|issue=2|doi=10.1353/kri.2011.0028|date=Spring 2011|volume=12|pages=455-456}} He was chairperson of the Turkish Section of Eastern Publicity Bureau, and in 1919 attended the First Congress of the [Third International](/source/Third_International) as the delegate for Turkey. At the [First Congress of Communist Party of Turkey](/source/Communist_Party_of_Turkey_(historical)), held in [Baku](/source/Baku) on 10 September 1920, Suphi was elected its chairman{{Cite book|title=The Army and the Radical Left in Turkey: Military Coups, Socialist Revolution and Kemalism|author=Özgür Mutlu Ulus |publisher=I.B.Tauris|year=2011|isbn=9781848854840|pages=134}} and went to [Anatolia](/source/Anatolia). He was one of the 15 communists who went to Turkey to join the [Turkish War of Independence](/source/Turkish_War_of_Independence). After encountering hostility in [Erzurum](/source/Erzurum), the communists tried to return to Baku. However, they were murdered by [Sailor Yahya](/source/Sailor_Yahya) after they had set sail from [Trabzon](/source/Trabzon) on the night of 28 January 1921. He was possibly murdered by a group of supporters of [Enver Pasha](/source/Enver_Pasha) from Trabzon, apparently because of the fear that Suphi might expose Enver Pasha's plans of political activities in [Moscow](/source/Moscow) and his ultimate intention of using the Bolsheviks to regain power in Turkey once the [Turkish National Movement](/source/Turkish_National_Movement) were defeated.K Gajendra Singh, [https://swap.stanford.edu/20081222021620/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/FA07Ak01.html ''Occupation case studies: Algeria and Turkey''] ''Asia Times'', 7 January 2004 :''There is need to provide army service area in order to establish links between the partisan troops in various locations of Anatolia and there is need to establish Military-Revolution Committee so as to strengthen this movement. This organization is going to be independent; but our organization will guide it. All the mission of Military-Revolution Committee of Turkey will concentrate on the direction of progression and preservation of the movement of social revolution both in Soviet Russia and worldwide. It will prove useful for Anatolian movement against English – French occupiers, for the spread of this movement throughout the Caucasus and for the organization of Soviet power in those places. Military-Revolution Committee of Turkey taking control of all the duties in Anatolia by means of making use of the first opportunity, will build Socialist Turkey and run towards the aim of joining hands with neighbour Soviet Russia.'' (M. Suphi; Moscow, 28 October 1919){{cite web |title=Mustafa Suphi and his comrades were massacred 86 years ago |url=http://english.sol.org.tr/index.php?yazi_id=775 |website=SoL |access-date=14 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928010543/http://english.sol.org.tr/index.php?yazi_id=775 |archive-date=28 September 2007}} ==Death== Suphi was killed by Sailor Yahya together with his communist comrades while traveling to [Batumi](/source/Batumi) in the [Black Sea](/source/Black_Sea) on 28 January 1921. It is not entirely clear who arranged the killing, whether the emerging central government in Ankara or old Unionists (Enver Pasha supporters). == See also == * [List of assassinated people from Turkey](/source/List_of_assassinated_people_from_Turkey) == Sources == * [http://www.marxists.org/glossary/people/s/u.htm Biography] at [http://www.marxists.org/ Marxists Internet Archive] == References == ==External links== * {{Commonscat-inline}} * {{in lang|en}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928010543/http://english.sol.org.tr/index.php?yazi_id=775 Mustafa Suphi and his comrades were massacred 86 years ago] from ''soL'' the online newspaper. {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Suphi, Mustafa}} Category:1883 births Category:1921 deaths Category:People from Giresun Category:Assassinated Turkish politicians Category:Communist Party of Turkey (historical) politicians Category:Prisoners and detainees of Turkey Category:Turkish revolutionaries Category:Turkish Marxists Category:Turkish communists Category:Istanbul University Faculty of Law alumni Category:Turkish political party founders Category:Politicians assassinated in the 1920s Category:Socialism in the Ottoman Empire --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Mustafa Subhi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Subhi) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Subhi?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.