# Musikviertel
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{{Short description|Neighbourhood of Leipzig, Germany}}
[[File:Villenviertel Karl Tauchnitz Strasse Waechterstrasse Leipzig um1900.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|The Musikviertel in 1906 – View from the tower of the [New Town Hall](/source/New_Town_Hall_(Leipzig)) to the Imperial Court Building which housed the [Reichsgericht](/source/Reichsgericht)]]
'''Musikviertel''' ({{langx|en|Music quarter}}) is a neighbourhood in [Leipzig](/source/Leipzig), [Germany](/source/Germany). The Musikviertel is part of the [locality](/source/Boroughs_and_localities_of_Leipzig) ''Zentrum-Süd'' in the borough of [Leipzig-Mitte](/source/Leipzig-Mitte).The name goes back to the first music institutions built in the neighbourhood, the second [Gewandhaus](/source/Gewandhaus) (alias ''Neues Concerthaus'') and the new building of the [Royal Conservatory of Music](/source/University_of_Music_and_Theatre_Leipzig).[{{Cite book |title=Leipzig |last1=Buhl |first1=Susanne |publisher=Dumont |year=2009 |isbn=978-3-7701-7233-7 |location=Ostfildern |pages=166 |language=de |last2=Gohlis |first2=Tobias |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hzC92cHEBdIC&pg=PA166}}][{{Cite book |title=Das Leipziger Musikviertel |publisher=Verlag im Wissenschaftszentrum |year=1997 |isbn=3-930433-18-4 |location=Leipzig |pages=7 |language=de}}][{{cite wikisource |last1=Vogel |first1=Bernhard|title=Eine klassische Pflanzstätte der Musik |trans-title=A classic cradle of music |year=1892 |publisher=[Die Gartenlaube](/source/Die_Gartenlaube) |location=Leipzig |language=de |wslanguage=de |page=603-605}}] Several streets in the neighbourhood are named after composers, which is why the term musicians' quarter is used – incorrectly.[{{Cite web |title=Musikviertel |url=http://www.leipzig-lexikon.de/GEMEINDE/mv.htm |last=Loh-Liesch |first=André |access-date=2020-05-18 |website=leipzig-lexikon.de |language=de}}][The city of Leipzig lists 'Musikerviertel' (Musicians' Quarter) as an alternative name for the '[Bachviertel](/source/Bachviertel)' ({{langx|en|Bach quarter}}) on one of its websites: {{Cite web |title=Zentrum West |url=https://www.leipzig.de/mein-stadtteil/stadtbezirk-mitte/zentrum-west/#c149823 |access-date=2026-01-15 |website=leipzig.de |language=de}}] Characteristic of the Musikviertel is the large number of buildings of [historicism](/source/Historicism_(art)); numerous buildings are listed as [Kulturdenkmal](/source/Kulturdenkmal). Since 1991, an ensemble monument and preservation statute has been in force for the entire neighbourhood.[{{Cite book |title=Wohn- & Bürgerhäuser im Leipziger Musikviertel |publisher=Sax-Verlag |year=2007 |isbn=978-3-86729-010-4 |location=Beucha |pages=18 |language=de |trans-title=Residential and Bourgeois Houses in Leipzig's Musikviertel |editor-last=Bürgerverein Musikviertel e.V.}}] It has an area of around {{convert|40|ha|acre}} and about 5,000 inhabitants.[{{Cite book |title=Der Leipzig Atlas |author=Niels Gormsen |publisher=Herrmann-Josef Emons Verlag |year=2005 |isbn=3-89705-269-5 |pages=32–33 |language=de |chapter=Gewässer ans Licht - Öffnung und Renaturierung der Mühlgräben in der Stadt |trans-title=Uncover the Bodies of Water - Opening and Renaturation of the Mill Races in the City}}]
== History ==
=== Until 1880 ===
thumb|upright=1.5|The area of the Musikviertel on a map around 1800
thumb|The island „Buen Retiro“
Until the first half of the 19th century, Leipzig's southwestern vorstadt area was a barely developed floodplain and garden landscape. Marshy meadows, ponds, [alluvial forest](/source/Leipzig_Riverside_Forest) and gardens characterised the terrain.
In the [Middle Ages](/source/Middle_Ages), the [Cistercian nuns](/source/Cistercian_nuns) of the Georgenkloster had settled in the southwest in front of the city wall near the [Pleissenburg](/source/Pleissenburg) (No. 2 on the map) until 1543 and built, among other things, a mill on the Pleißemühlgraben, the Nonnenmühle (No. 3), which existed until 1890. They also ran a brickyard, for which they used the clay of the floodplain. The remaining holes of the clay pits remained as ponds. At the beginning of the 19th century, there were gardens and ponds west of the Pleißemühlgraben, first Schwägrichen's Garden (No. 4) followed by the Trier Garden (No. 5) with two large ponds, which served the university as a [botanical garden](/source/Leipzig_Botanical_Garden) from 1806.
It was joined by the Schimmelsche Gut (No. 6), which bordered on the raft site, on which the timber rafted to Leipzig from the [Vogtland](/source/Vogtland) and the [Altenburger Land](/source/Altenburger_Land) was stacked. The Schimmel estate had three ponds, the largest of which had an island. The farmer Johann Friedrich Schimmel had acquired the estate in 1823 and set up a restaurant on the island, which was very popular with the people of Leipzig, which could be reached via a wooden footbridge or by boat. He called the island (No. 7) "Buen Retiro" (Good Refuge).
In 1861, the [Johannapark](/source/Johannapark) was completed on the former meadow site by [Peter Joseph Lenné](/source/Peter_Joseph_Lenn%C3%A9) on behalf of Wilhelm Theodor Seyfferth. The efficiency of the railway made it possible to discontinue raft operations in 1864, so that the raft site could be transformed into a decorative place. A year later, the regulation of the [Pleiße](/source/Plei%C3%9Fe) and [Elster](/source/White_Elster) was started and new building land was gained by draining the area and backfilling the ''Alte Pleiße''. In 1876, the botanical garden was relocated to today's Linnéstrasse.
=== 1880–1945 ===
thumb|The second Gewandhaus ''(Neues Concerthaus)'' destroyed in the Second World War – on the right the university library Bibliotheca Albertina
[[File:Rossbach Palais Leipzig 2010.jpg|thumb|upright|The Roßbach corner house, called Roßbach-Palais since 2004, by [Arwed Roßbach](/source/Arwed_Ro%C3%9Fbach), Beethovenstrasse 8 – built in 1892/93 (2010)]]
thumb|Villa Rentsch-Röder, Karl-Tauchnitz-Strasse 10 by Peter Dybwad – built in 1898 (2009)
thumb|upright|left|Floor plan of the Villa Gruner with gardens, Karl-Tauchnitz-Strasse 19 (before 1893)
In 1880, the city acquired, among other things, the area of the Schimmelsche Gut, and extensive land development and redesign began, including [housing subdivision](/source/subdivision_(land)). The remaining holes of the drained ponds were filled in and the entire building site of the neighbourhood was leveled in an elaborate way, whereby the earth fills had immense dimensions. For flood protection, the ground level of the built-up terrain was raised by about {{convert|2|m|ft|1|abbr=on}} compared to the meadows of the later [King Albert Park](/source/Clara-Zetkin-Park_(Leipzig)).[Bürgerverein Musikviertel e.V., ed. (2007). Wohn- & Bürgerhäuser im Leipziger Musikviertel [Residential and Bourgeois Houses in Leipzig's Musikviertel], p. 13] In 1882, the foundation stone was laid for the construction of the New Concert House, marking the beginning of the development of the Musikviertel. In 1884, this building – soon to be called the New Gewandhaus (second [Gewandhaus](/source/Gewandhaus)) – was inaugurated. In 1887, the Royal Conservatory of Music was inaugurated. From 1888 to 1895, the Imperial Court building was built. In 1890 the Royal Academy of Graphic Arts and Book Trade was completed and in 1891 the [university library](/source/Leipzig_University_Library) Bibliotheca Albertina. In 1891, the new building of the Municipal Trade School (today part of the [Leipzig University of Applied Sciences](/source/Leipzig_University_of_Applied_Sciences)) was also handed over to its purpose, but its west wing was not completed until 1903. With the completion of the Imperial Court in 1895, the construction of the large public buildings in the Musikviertel was almost complete. From 1896, the [electric tram](/source/Leipzig_Tramway_Network_History) ran through the Musikviertel. In 1897, the Saxon-Thuringian Industrial and Commercial Exhibition took place on the edge of the new neighbourhood.
From the mid-1880s, housing construction also began in the Musikviertel. [Villa](/source/Villa)s and multi-storey apartment buildings were built in closed and open building styles. Most of the buildings built first can be assigned to one of the so-called neo-styles of [historicism](/source/Historicism_(art)) ([Renaissance Revival architecture](/source/Renaissance_Revival_architecture) or [Baroque Revival architecture](/source/Baroque_Revival_architecture)) in terms of architectural history. The stylistic model for the private builders was the large public buildings in the neighbourhood. An example of this is the striking [Roßbach](/source/Arwed_Ro%C3%9Fbach) corner house (Beethovenstrasse 8) in the Renaissance Revival style, which was designed by the architect of the [Bibliotheca Albertina](/source/Bibliotheca_Albertina) and completed in 1893. After 1900, echoes of [Art Nouveau](/source/Art_Nouveau) can be found on some buildings, which can be seen in particular in the ornamentation and decoration of the façade design of some houses.
For the development of the area, there were detailed regulations such as building height, building distances, number of storeys and degree of development of the plots. The approval of the façade view was also reserved for the city council. Thus, with the Musikviertel, Leipzig received a particularly valuable area in terms of urban development, clearly structured by closed urban structures, which is now a listed ensemble as a [cultural property](/source/cultural_property) ensemble.
The sides facing or close to the park were decorated with a ring of villas. The villa plots were quite generously sized and ranged from {{convert|1200|to about|2500|m2}}, so that there was enough space for outbuildings ([carriage house](/source/carriage_house)s), meter-high fenced front gardens and elaborately designed gardens. This was especially true of the villas on Karl-Tauchnitz-Strasse, of which a good third (13 of 32) are still preserved.[Bürgerverein Musikviertel e.V., ed. (2007). Wohn- & Bürgerhäuser im Leipziger Musikviertel [Residential and Bourgeois Houses in Leipzig's Musikviertel], pp. 79–83] Of the total of 71 villas in the district, 21 alone were designed by Max Pommer. He is followed by Peter Dybwad (10) and Arwed Roßbach (5).[Bürgerverein Musikviertel e.V., ed. (2007). Wohn- & Bürgerhäuser im Leipziger Musikviertel [Residential and Bourgeois Houses in Leipzig's Musikviertel], p. 75][Bürgerverein Musikviertel e.V., ed. (2007). Wohn- & Bürgerhäuser im Leipziger Musikviertel [Residential and Bourgeois Houses in Leipzig's Musikviertel], p. 77]
thumb|Partially destroyed Albertina University Library, photo by Roger Rössing (1953)
Around 1900, the development of the Musikviertel could in principle be considered complete. For decades, the new neighbourhood became the preferred address of Leipzig's [Bildungsbürgertum](/source/Bildungsb%C3%BCrgertum). On 20 February 1944, an [air raid](/source/Bombing_of_Leipzig_in_World_War_II) was carried out on Leipzig and its southern district. In the Musikviertel, more than 50 percent of the buildings, including the Gewandhaus, the hall of the Conservatory, the Imperial Court, the University Library, many villas and residential buildings, were completely destroyed or severely damaged. Further attacks hit the Musikviertel on 27 February and 6 April 1945. In the latter, the central wing and the eastern part of the building of the Bibliotheca Albertina were destroyed.
Villa Wilhelm Oelßner ANSICHT (Karl-Tauchnitz-Straße 13, alt 29) - leipzig und seine bauten (1892), S. 385.jpg|Villa Oelßner, Karl-Tauchnitz-Strasse 13 (1892)
Villa Wölker ANSICHT (Karl-Tauchnitz-Straße 15, alt 31) - leipzig und seine bauten (1892), S. 381.jpg|Villa Wölker, Karl-Tauchnitz-Strasse 15 (1892)
Villa Hilmar Girbardt ANSICHT (Karl-Tauchnitz-Straße 17) - leipzig und seine bauten (1892), S. 380.jpg|Villa Girbardt, Karl-Tauchnitz-Strasse 17 (1892)
Villa Carl Robert Gruner (Karl-Tauchnitz-Straße 19) - leipzig und seine bauten (1892), S. 386.jpg|Villa Gruner, Karl-Tauchnitz-Strasse 19 (1886/87)
Villa Rehwoldt, Karl-Tauchnitz-Straße Leipzig, Architekt H. Rossbach.jpg|Villa Rehwoldt, Karl-Tauchnitz-Strasse 29 (vor 1905)
Villa, Karl-Tauchnitzstraße 51, Leipzig, Architekt H. Rossbach, Baurat Leipzig, Tafel 62, Kick Jahrgang II.jpg|Villa Swiderski, Karl-Tauchnitz-Strasse 35 (1898)
=== 1945–1990 ===
The rubble clearance, which had already begun in 1945/46, was intensified from 1947 onwards by the operation of a [light railway](/source/light_railway) across the Musikviertel, which transported the rubble along Karl-Tauchnitz-, Ferdinand-Rhode- and Wundtstrasse to the Bauernwiesen, where the [Fockeberg](/source/Fockeberg) was built.
On 1 October 1946, the former conservatory was reopened as the ''Staatliche Hochschule für Musik – Mendelssohn Akademie'' (since 1992 [''Hochschule für Musik und Theater "Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy" Leipzig''](/source/University_of_Music_and_Theatre_Leipzig), short: HMT Leipzig) and on 26 April 1947 the ''[Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst](/source/Hochschule_f%C3%BCr_Grafik_und_Buchkunst_Leipzig)'', short: HGB. The [Georgi Dimitroff](/source/Georgi_Dimitrov) Museum was opened in the former Imperial Court on 18 June 1952, and the [Museum der bildenden Künste](/source/Museum_der_bildenden_K%C3%BCnste) also found a new home in the former Imperial Court. In 1953, the [Theaterhochschule Leipzig](/source/Theaterhochschule_Leipzig) (since 1967 "Hans Otto") was founded after the relocation of the German Theatre Institute, which had been founded in [Weimar](/source/Weimar) in 1947, to the Leipzig Musikviertel.
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1990-0226-315, Leipzig, Frühjahrsmesse, Strauß, Honecker.jpg|thumb|[Franz Josef Strauss](/source/Franz_Josef_Strauss) and [Erich Honecker](/source/Erich_Honecker) at the [Leipzig Trade Fair](/source/Leipzig_Trade_Fair) of spring 1987 in the guest house in Schwägrichenstrasse]]
In 1955, the vaulting of the Pleißemühlgraben, which had begun in 1951, was completed. In 1968, the ruins of the second Gewandhaus, which could be rebuilt, were demolished, as were some partly well-preserved residential buildings in Ferdinand-Rhode-Strasse. By 1969, a guest house of the [Council of Ministers of East Germany](/source/Council_of_Ministers_of_East_Germany) had been built in Schwägrichenstrasse, which was used especially during [Leipzig Trade Fair](/source/Leipzig_Trade_Fair)s and where the billion-euro loan for [East Germany](/source/East_Germany) was negotiated between [Franz Josef Strauss](/source/Franz_Josef_Strauss) and [Erich Honecker](/source/Erich_Honecker) in 1983.[{{Cite book |title=Leipziger Spaziergänge. Musikviertel |last=Gormsen |first=Hella |publisher=Lehmstedt Verlag |year=2022 |isbn=978-3-95797-121-0 |location=Leipzig |pages=43 f |language=de |trans-title=Leipzig Walks. Musikviertel}}]
From 1969 onwards, five 11-storey apartment blocks were built in prefabricated construction in the middle of the Musikviertel, which contradicted its former character. In each of these cases, 4 to 5 of the original plots from the time of origin were built over with monotonous [large-panel-system building](/source/large-panel-system_building)s by the architect Wolfgang Scheibe (1928–2006).[Bürgerverein Musikviertel e.V., ed. (2007). Wohn- & Bürgerhäuser im Leipziger Musikviertel [Residential and Bourgeois Houses in Leipzig's Musikviertel], p. 26 and 67][Gormsen, Hella (2022). Leipziger Spaziergänge. Musikviertel [Leipzig Walks. Musikviertel], p. 41 f.] In order to make room for this, some of the old buildings that were still relatively well preserved and partly inhabited were demolished. In Pestalozzistrasse (today Telemannstrasse), a [Polytechnic Secondary School](/source/Polytechnic_Secondary_School) named ''Polytechnische Oberschule Clara Zetkin'' was built in 1972 and an [Extended Secondary School](/source/Extended_Secondary_School_(East_Germany)) in 1973, which were also attended by the [St. Thomas students](/source/St._Thomas_School%2C_Leipzig).
In 1978, three 16-storey high-rise buildings of the [PH 16](/source/PH_16) type, popularly known as "the three equals", were erected in the north-west corner of the Musikviertel on Karl-Tauchnitz-Strasse and Wächterstrasse.[Gormsen, Hella (2022). Leipziger Spaziergänge. Musikviertel [Leipzig Walks. Musikviertel], p. 26 f.] Regardless of the typical location, a total of six large plots of war-damaged villas (four by Max Pommer, one each by Arwed Roßbach and Carl Weichardt/Bruno Eelbo) were built over.[Bürgerverein Musikviertel e.V., ed. (2007). Wohn- & Bürgerhäuser im Leipziger Musikviertel [Residential and Bourgeois Houses in Leipzig's Musikviertel], pp. 16, 48, 80.] Originally, the urban planning in the 1960s under the direction of Leipzig's chief architect Horst Siegel (1934–2020) for the entire neighbourhood was even more profound. Four 28-storey high-rise buildings and a "socialist" Musikviertel with large-panel and high-rise buildings were to be built on this site. A drawing of this development concept by Hans-Dietrich Wellner (1934–2013) from 1969 has been preserved.[Gormsen, Hella (2022). Leipziger Spaziergänge. Musikviertel [Leipzig Walks. Musikviertel], pp. 5 and 26]
=== After 1990 ===
thumb|The Humanities Centre of the Leipzig University with the Mendelssohn Embankment at the open Pleißemühlgraben (2010)
thumb|New villa buildings on Haydnstraße (2010)
[[File:Gästehaus.jpg|thumb|Former guest house of the [Council of Ministers of East Germany](/source/Council_of_Ministers_of_East_Germany) before renovation (2010)]]
thumb|Gerda Taro School, view from the south (2021)
As early as 1990, the first efforts to open the Pleißemühlgraben began with the "[Pleiße](/source/Plei%C3%9Fe) ans Licht" campaign. In 1998, the first completely completed opening section between Mahlmannstrasse and Braustrasse was handed over; In 2002, the section in front of the Imperial Court building, which was followed by the area behind the prefabricated building on Grassistrasse and finally in 2008 the Mendelssohn-Embankment between Mozartstrasse and Beethovenstrasse. In 2000, the light steles, which glow blue at night along the open section of the body of water in front of the Imperial Court building, were erected and the Fritz von Harck green space, which had been redesigned in wave form, was handed over.
In 1992, the ["Hans Otto" Theatre Academy](/source/Theaterhochschule_Leipzig) merged with the ["Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy" University of Music and Theatre](/source/University_of_Music_and_Theatre_Leipzig), and the US [Consulate General](/source/Consulate_General) in the [Amerika Haus](/source/Amerika_Haus) in Wilhelm-Seyfferth-Strasse was reopened. In 1995, the [Saxon Academy of Sciences and Humanities](/source/Saxon_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Humanities) in Leipzig moved to a villa in Karl-Tauchnitz-Strasse and the former "Johannes R. Becher" Literature Institute was re-formed as the [German Institute for Literature](/source/German_Institute_for_Literature) with an affiliation to the university.
In 1998, the [Galerie für Zeitgenössische Kunst Leipzig](/source/Galerie_f%C3%BCr_Zeitgen%C3%B6ssische_Kunst_Leipzig) opened in the Herfurthsche Villa in Karl-Tauchnitz-Strasse, which was supplemented by an exhibition pavilion in 2004. From 2000 to 2002, Leipzig University built the new building for the humanities and social sciences on the site of the former second Gewandhaus. At the time of its completion, the completely rebuilt and expanded university library was also handed over. In the same year, the [Federal Administrative Court](/source/Federal_Administrative_Court_(Germany)) began its work in the Reich Court building, which had previously been extensively renovated over several years.
Throughout the Musikviertel, numerous villas and town houses were extensively renovated after 1990. A highlight and certain conclusion was the restoration of the residential palace built by Arwed Roßbach at Beethovenstrasse 8 in 2004/2005. But the prefabricated buildings were also modernized. Due to their favourable location to the city and park, they have an occupancy rate far above average for prefabricated buildings. In recent years, numerous new residential and commercial buildings have also been built in the Musikviertel, some of which have a very individual style. While the former guest house of the Council of Ministers, a prime example of GDR modernist architecture, stood vacant and fell into disrepair for more than 20 years, a high-quality new residential complex was built on neighboring land.
The guest house by the architects Wolfgang Scheibe and Frieder Gebhardt has been empty for decades. Finally, in 2020/21, the renovation in line with the preservation of historical monuments began and was completed in 2023.[{{Cite web |title=Gästehaus am Park - Eine Zeitreise |url=https://www.lewo.de/gaestehaus-am-park-eine-zeitreise/ |date=2023-09-20 |access-date=2026-01-16 |website=lewo.de |language=de}}]
After the [Thomasschule zu Leipzig](/source/Thomasschule_zu_Leipzig) moved out of the prefabricated building on Telemannstrasse in 2000 and was vacant for a few years, the buildings were demolished. A new school complex was built, which went into operation in the 2017/2018 school year under the name ''Gymnasium Telemannstrasse''. In 2018, the school was given the name ''[Gerda-Taro](/source/Gerda_Taro)-Schule – Gymnasium der Stadt Leipzig''.[{{Cite web|url=https://www.leipzig.de/detailansicht-adresse/schule-an-der-telemannstrasse-gymnasium-der-stadt-leipzig/ |title=Gerda-Taro-Schule – Gymnasium der Stadt Leipzig |website=leipzig.de |access-date=2019-04-29 |language=de}}][Gormsen, Hella (2022). Leipziger Spaziergänge. Musikviertel [Leipzig Walks. Musikviertel], pp. 5 and 26]
== Architects of the neighbourhood ==
* Max Bösenberg (1847–1918)
* [Otto Brückwald](/source/Otto_Br%C3%BCckwald) (1841–1917)
* Fritz Drechsler (1861–1922)
* Peter Dybwad (1859–1921)
* Bruno Eelbo (1853–1917), architectural firm Weichardt & Eelbo
* Max Fricke (1874–1934)
* Gustav Adolf Geyer (1845–1922)
* Emil Franz Hänsel (1870–1943)
* Max Hasak (1856–1934)
* Arthur Johlige (1857–1937), architectural firm Schmidt & Johlige
* Max Pommer (1847–1915)[{{Cite web |author=Mirko Seidel |url=https://www.architektur-blicklicht.de/stadt-leipzig-de/persoenlichkeiten/leipziger-persoenlichkeiten-max-pommer/ |title=Leipziger Persönlichkeiten – Max Pommer |trans-title=Leipzig personalities - Max Pommer |website=architektur-blicklicht.de |access-date=2025-01-18 |language=de}}]
* Ernst Riedel (1813–1885)
* [Arwed Roßbach](/source/Arwed_Ro%C3%9Fbach) (1844–1902)
* Wolfgang Scheibe (1928–2006)
* August Hermann Schmidt (1858–1942), architectural firm Schmidt & Johlige
* Emanuel von Seidl (1856–1919)
* Clemens Thieme (1861–1945)
* Richard Tschammer (1860–1929), Weidenbach & Tschammer Architects
* Georg Weidenbach (1853–1928), Architects Weidenbach & Tschammer
* Karl Weichardt (1846–1906), architectural firm Weichardt & Eelbo
* Julius Zeissig (1855–1930)
== On the history of music in the district ==
thumb|upright|The first Mendelssohn monument from 1892 according to the design by Werner Stein
Since the opening of the New Gewandhaus (1884) and the [Conservatory](/source/Conservatory_of_music) (1887), music history has been written in the Musikviertel for decades. Around 1830, cities in northern and central Germany (Berlin, Dresden, Leipzig) emerged as centres of a new style in music ([Romanticism](/source/Romantic_music)). Until then, the [First Viennese School](/source/First_Viennese_School) ([Haydn](/source/Joseph_Haydn), [Mozart](/source/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart), [Beethoven](/source/Ludwig_van_Beethoven)) had been predominant in contemporary musical life. In Leipzig, [Robert Schumann](/source/Robert_Schumann) and [Clara Schumann](/source/Clara_Schumann) prepared the ground for Romanticism and [Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy](/source/Felix_Mendelssohn_Bartholdy) shaped it into the so-called "Leipzig School" in music. From a music-historical point of view, the time of construction of the buildings falls almost exactly in the middle of the Romantic era in music – in the heyday of High Romanticism. The Leipzig musical tradition established by Mendelssohn in the predecessor buildings in the city centre (between Universitätsstrasse and Neumarkt) has been continued since the mid-1880s in the new buildings in the Musikviertel. The two music institutions in the immediate vicinity of each other – as before at the old location – enabled a mutually beneficial combination of professional training and musical practice, as Mendelssohn had specified as a maxim.
Since 1892, Mendelssohn's monument has stood in front of the main entrance to the Gewandhaus in recognition of his services to music, which the [National Socialists](/source/National_Socialists) had removed in a cloak-and-dagger operation on 9/10 November 1936. It bore the inscription on the front (east side) of the granite [pedestal](/source/pedestal): "Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy". On the side facing the entrance to the Gewandhaus (west side): "Noble only announces the language of music". A few metres away from the site of the first monument, a portrait [stele](/source/stele) by the sculptor [Walter Arnold](/source/Walter_Arnold_(German_sculptor)) (1909–1979) now stands on the Mendelssohn-Embankment. In 1947, the second Mendelssohn monument was unveiled at the front of the ruins of the Gewandhaus on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the composer's death. This has been moved several times over the years and returned to its old place in 2006.[Bürgerverein Musikviertel e.V., ed. (2007). Wohn- & Bürgerhäuser im Leipziger Musikviertel [Residential and Bourgeois Houses in Leipzig's Musikviertel], p. 6] Today, the gaze of the Mendelssohn [bust](/source/Bust_(sculpture)) goes to the former temple of the Muses, which no longer exists. In 2008, a [replica](/source/replica) of the first monument by Werner Stein (1855–1930) was made and erected opposite the main portal ("Mendelssohn Portal") of Leipzig's [St. Thomas Church](/source/St._Thomas_Church%2C_Leipzig). The monument faces south to the old site in the Musikviertel, which is about {{convert|1|km|mi}} away.
From the Old Gewandhaus, the motto above the gallery from the time of the Great Concert was adopted, which now adorned the triangular gable ([tympanum](/source/Tympanum_(architecture))) of the new house:
{{Text and translation|
RES SEVERA [EST] VERUM GAUDIUM.
|
Real joy is a stern matter.
|{{cite wikisource |last1=[Seneca the Younger](/source/Seneca_the_Younger) |title=Moral letters to Lucilius/Letter 23 |wslanguage=en}}
|language=la
}}
[[File:Nicola Perscheid Portrait of Arthur Nikisch 2.jpeg|thumb|upright|[Arthur Nikisch](/source/Arthur_Nikisch) in 1901, Gewandhaus Music Director ([Kapellmeister](/source/Kapellmeister)) from 1895 to 1921]]
The first [Gewandhaus Kapellmeister](/source/Leipzig_Gewandhaus_Orchestra) at the ''Neues Concerthaus'' was [Carl Reinecke](/source/Carl_Reinecke), a friend of Felix Mendelssohn. He had already worked in this function at the old house since 1860 and remained in this office until 1895. Since 1930, a monument to the Gewandhaus Kapellmeister [Arthur Nikisch](/source/Arthur_Nikisch) by [Hugo Lederer](/source/Hugo_Lederer) (1871–1940) has stood at the rear entrance (staff entrance) of the building. It was Nikisch who led the orchestra to world fame in his 26-year era (1895–1921) as conductor and Gewandhaus Kapellmeister. In 1918, Arthur Nikisch also founded the tradition of New Year's Eve concerts at the second Gewandhaus with the performance of [Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven)](/source/Symphony_No._9_(Beethoven)) – a tradition that would later spread worldwide. Arthur Nikisch earned great merits in establishing Eastern European composers ([Tchaikovsky](/source/Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky), [Smetana](/source/Bed%C5%99ich_Smetana), [Dvořák](/source/Anton%C3%ADn_Dvo%C5%99%C3%A1k)) in Germany by introducing the people of Leipzig to their music as Kapellmeister at the Neues Theater (Opera House) and at the same time Gewandhaus Kapellmeister. His successor, [Wilhelm Furtwängler](/source/Wilhelm_Furtw%C3%A4ngler), was, like Arthur Nikisch, Gewandhaus Kapellmeister and chief conductor of the [Berlin Philharmonic](/source/Berlin_Philharmonic). Furtwängler's era at the Gewandhaus, however, only lasted from 1922 to 1928: [Bruno Walter](/source/Bruno_Walter), who succeeded Furtwängler until 1933, was expelled from the office of Gewandhaus Kapellmeister as a Jew and emigrated to the USA, where he later became [chief conductor](/source/chief_conductor) of the [New York Philharmonic](/source/New_York_Philharmonic). [Hermann Abendroth](/source/Hermann_Abendroth) was the last Gewandhaus conductor at the second Gewandhaus from 1934 until its destruction in 1944.
Until 1944, the Musikviertel was home to the [Gewandhaus Orchestra](/source/Gewandhaus_Orchestra). Some of the most famous conductors of the period between the end of the 19th century and the 1940s also worked at the Gewandhaus as orchestra conductors (Gewandhaus Kapellmeister). A number of works of world music culture ([Max Bruch](/source/Max_Bruch), [Anton Bruckner](/source/Anton_Bruckner), Antonín Dvořák, [Edvard Grieg](/source/Edvard_Grieg), [Max Reger](/source/Max_Reger) and others) were [premiered](/source/Premiere) here. The composers [Johannes Brahms](/source/Johannes_Brahms), Peter Tchaikovsky, Edvard Grieg, [Richard Strauss](/source/Richard_Strauss), [Paul Hindemith](/source/Paul_Hindemith), [Igor Stravinsky](/source/Igor_Stravinsky) and [Hans Pfitzner](/source/Hans_Pfitzner) themselves stood at the conductor's podium to perform one of their works. Often these were the premieres in Leipzig or in Germany. From the many musical highlights over the years, some stand out. [Arturo Toscanini](/source/Arturo_Toscanini) gave a guest performance with the New York Philharmonic. The [London Philharmonic Orchestra](/source/London_Philharmonic_Orchestra) gave a concert with [Thomas Beecham](/source/Thomas_Beecham) at the conductor's stand. What is remarkable about the two guest performances of the foreign orchestras is that they remained the only exceptions. During the six decades from 1884 to 1944, the house was virtually performed solely by the Gewandhaus Orchestra. Guest conductors at the second Gewandhaus, on the other hand, appeared more frequently. Among them were such important ones as [Karl Böhm](/source/Karl_B%C3%B6hm), [Fritz Busch](/source/Fritz_Busch), [Eugen Jochum](/source/Eugen_Jochum), [Erich Kleiber](/source/Erich_Kleiber), [Otto Klemperer](/source/Otto_Klemperer) and others.
In 1930, the 14-year-old [Yehudi Menuhin](/source/Yehudi_Menuhin) entered the Leipzig concert stage for the first time here. The list of famous [soloists](/source/soloists) who performed at the second Gewandhaus cannot be approximated due to lack of space. Representative of the many musicians are just a few of the best-known names:[Selected from: {{Cite book |title=Das Leipziger Musikviertel |publisher=Verlag im Wissenschaftszentrum |year=1997 |isbn=3-930433-18-4 |location=Leipzig |pages=33f |language=de}}]
* Pianists: [Claudio Arrau](/source/Claudio_Arrau), [Wilhelm Backhaus](/source/Wilhelm_Backhaus), Wladimir Horowitz, [Wilhelm Kempff](/source/Wilhelm_Kempff), [Elly Ney](/source/Elly_Ney), [Mitja Nikisch](/source/Mitja_Nikisch), Max von Pauer, [Anton Rubinstein](/source/Anton_Rubinstein), [Clara Schumann](/source/Clara_Schumann)
* Violinists: [Leopold Auer](/source/Leopold_Auer), [Willy Burmester](/source/Willy_Burmester), [Adolf Busch](/source/Adolf_Busch), [Jascha Heifetz](/source/Jascha_Heifetz), [Joseph Joachim](/source/Joseph_Joachim), [Fritz Kreisler](/source/Fritz_Kreisler), [Wolfgang Schneiderhan](/source/Wolfgang_Schneiderhan_(violinist)), [Joseph Szigeti](/source/Joseph_Szigeti)
* Cellists: [Pablo Casals](/source/Pablo_Casals), [Gaspar Cassadó](/source/Gaspar_Cassad%C3%B3), [Emanuel Feuermann](/source/Emanuel_Feuermann), [Ludwig Hoelscher](/source/Ludwig_Hoelscher), [Julius Klengel](/source/Julius_Klengel), [Enrico Mainardi](/source/Enrico_Mainardi), [Gregor Piatigorsky](/source/Gregor_Piatigorsky)
* Singers: [Francisco D'Andrade](/source/Francisco_D'Andrade), [Irma Beilke](/source/Irma_Beilke), [Erna Berger](/source/Erna_Berger), [Maria Cebotari](/source/Maria_Cebotari), [Karl Erb](/source/Karl_Erb), [Lorenz Fehenberger](/source/Lorenz_Fehenberger), [Elena Gerhardt](/source/Elena_Gerhardt), [Hans Hotter](/source/Hans_Hotter), [Maria Ivogün](/source/Maria_Ivog%C3%BCn), [Margarete Klose](/source/Margarete_Klose), [Lotte Lehmann](/source/Lotte_Lehmann), [Tiana Lemnitz](/source/Tiana_Lemnitz), [Walther Ludwig](/source/Walther_Ludwig), [Sigrid Onégin](/source/Sigrid_On%C3%A9gin), [Julius Patzak](/source/Julius_Patzak), [Elisabeth Rethberg](/source/Elisabeth_Rethberg), [Helge Rosvaenge](/source/Helge_Rosvaenge), [Erna Sack](/source/Erna_Sack), [Karl Scheidemantel](/source/Karl_Scheidemantel), [Heinrich Schlusnus](/source/Heinrich_Schlusnus), [Leo Slezak](/source/Leo_Slezak), [Hermine Spies](/source/Hermine_Spies), [Julius Stockhausen](/source/Julius_Stockhausen)
* Choirs: Gewandhaus Choir, University Choir St. Pauli, [St. Thomas Choir](/source/Thomanerchor)
[[File:Fotothek df roe-neg 0000174 003 Beschädigtes Gewandhaus.jpg|thumb|The ruins of the second Gewandhaus in 1947 – in front of it the portrait stele of Mendelssohn by [Walter Arnold](/source/Walter_Arnold_(German_sculptor))]]
Numerous instrumental musicians, soloists and [virtuoso](/source/virtuoso)s, [composer](/source/composer)s and [conductors](/source/Conducting), singers and choirs worked at the second Gewandhaus or had their apprenticeship years as students at the local conservatory. Due to the abundance of names and events, the music history in the neighbourhood can only be sketched. An event of great significance was the blowing up and clearing of the ruins of the Gewandhaus in 1968. For a long time, there had been the prospect of either resurrecting the war-damaged building from the ruins as a concert hall or giving it a new function as a hall of the conservatory (Hochschule für Musik), which was completely destroyed. In the mid-1960s, the city council decided on a demolition solution and the construction of the third Gewandhaus on today's [Augustusplatz](/source/Augustusplatz) opposite the [opera house](/source/Leipzig_Opera). This meant that a former supporting pillar for musical life in the Musikviertel was finally removed. [Karl Zumpe](/source/Karl_Zumpe), the then Gewandhaus director (head of the Gewandhaus Chancellery), summed up his impressions in the following words:
{{Blockquote|text="On March 29, we watched the collapse of the building from the window of our apartment, and two weeks later a demolition ball began to remove the remains of the wall. A site of world music culture from 1884 to 1944 was razed to the ground."[{{Cite book |title=Das Leipziger Musikviertel |publisher=Verlag im Wissenschaftszentrum |year=1997 |isbn=3-930433-18-4 |location=Leipzig |pages=32 |language=de}}]}}
With the construction of the new concert hall in 2001 at the [University of Music and Theatre "Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy"](/source/University_of_Music_and_Theatre_Leipzig), there is a venue for larger audiences (400 seats) in the Musikviertel for the first time in decades. For comparison, the seating capacity of the second Gewandhaus: the Great Hall had 1,700 seats for concerts and the Small Hall held 650 listeners for all forms of [chamber music](/source/chamber_music). In 2003, a [memorial plaque](/source/memorial_plaque) was unveiled for the ruins of the Gewandhaus on the east side (corner of Mozartstrasse) of the [Leipzig University](/source/Leipzig_University) Humanities centre. On the plaque is the relief of the second Gewandhaus and some information about the master builders, the Gewandhaus Kapellmeisters who worked here and the destruction of the house.[{{Cite web |author=Mirko Seidel |url=https://www.architektur-blicklicht.de/brunnen-denkmaeler/gedenktafel-gewandhaus-leipzig-musikviertel/ |title=Gedenktafel für das Alte Gewandhaus in Leipzig |trans-title=Memorial plaque to the old Gewandhaus of Leipzig |website=architektur-blicklicht.de |access-date=2025-03-15 |language=de}}][{{Cite web |url=https://bildlexikon-leipzig.de/leipziger-gedenktafeln/gedenktafel-standort-neues-gewandhaus/ |title=Gedenktafel – Standort Neues Gewandhaus |trans-title=Memorial plaque - Location new Gewandhaus |website=Bildlexikon Leipzig |date=2023-09-26 |access-date=2025-03-15}}]
;Well-known musicians
In addition to the names listed below as well-known residents, a limited selection of personalities of rank in music history whose place of work was at least temporarily in the Musikviertel:[{{Cite book |title=Hochschule für Musik "Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy". 150 Jahre Musikhochschule 1843–1993 |last=Forner |first=Johannes |publisher=Verlag Kunst und Touristik |year=1992 |isbn=3-928802-20-8 |location=Leipzig |pages=45 ff |language=de |trans-title=University of Music and Theatre "Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy". 150 Years Conservatory 1843–1993}}]
{{columns-list|colwidth=15em|
* [Hermann Abendroth](/source/Hermann_Abendroth) (1883–1956), conductor and Gewandhaus Kapellmeister
* [Wilhelm Backhaus](/source/Wilhelm_Backhaus) (1884–1969), pupil at the conservatory and pianist
* [Johann Nepomuk David](/source/Johann_Nepomuk_David) (1895–1977), teacher at the conservatory and composer
* [Ottmar Gerster](/source/Ottmar_Gerster) (1897–1969), pupil and teacher at the conservatory, composer
* [Ludwig Güttler](/source/Ludwig_G%C3%BCttler) (born 1943), pupil at the conservatory, trumpet virtuoso and conductor; co-initiator for the reconstruction of the [Frauenkirche, Dresden](/source/Frauenkirche%2C_Dresden)
* [Erhard Mauersberger](/source/Erhard_Mauersberger) (1903–1982), pupil at the conservatory, conductor, organist and [cantor at St Thomas](/source/cantor_at_St_Thomas)
* [Rudolf Mauersberger](/source/Rudolf_Mauersberger) (1889–1971), pupil at the conservatory, composer and choirmaster
* [Edvard Grieg](/source/Edvard_Grieg) (1843–1907), pupil at the conservatory and composer
* [Wilhelm Furtwängler](/source/Wilhelm_Furtw%C3%A4ngler) (1886–1954), conductor and Gewandhaus Kapellmeister
* [Leoš Janáček](/source/Leo%C5%A1_Jan%C3%A1%C4%8Dek) (1854–1928), pupil at the conservatory and composer
* [Salomon Jadassohn](/source/Salomon_Jadassohn) (1831–1902), teacher at the conservatory, pianist, composer and [musicologist](/source/musicologist)
* [Julius Klengel](/source/Julius_Klengel) (1859–1933), teacher at the conservatory, [cellist](/source/cellist) and composer
* [Franz Konwitschny](/source/Franz_Konwitschny) (1901–1962), pupil at the conservatory, conductor and Gewandhaus Kapellmeister „without a house“ after 1945
* [Kurt Masur](/source/Kurt_Masur) (1927–2015), pupil at the conservatory, conductor and Gewandhaus Kapellmeister at the third Gewandhaus
* [Arthur Nikisch](/source/Arthur_Nikisch) (1855–1922), conductor, director of studies at the conservatory, Kapellmeister at the Neues Theater and Gewandhaus Kapellmeister
* Max von Pauer (1866–1945), director of studies at the conservatory and pianist
* [Günther Ramin](/source/G%C3%BCnther_Ramin) (1898–1956), teacher at the conservatory, pianist, organist and cantor of St. Thomas
* [Max Reger](/source/Max_Reger) (1873–1916), teacher at the conservatory, pianist, organist and composer
* [Carl Reinecke](/source/Carl_Reinecke) (1824–1910), director of studies at the conservatory, pianist, conductor and Gewandhaus conductor
* [Hugo Riemann](/source/Hugo_Riemann) (1849–1919), teacher at the conservatory and lecturer at the university, musicologist and author of the [Riemann Musiklexikon](/source/Riemann_Musiklexikon)
* [Annerose Schmidt](/source/Annerose_Schmidt) (1936–2022), pianist and [rector](/source/Rector_(academia)) of the [Hochschule für Musik Hanns Eisler Berlin](/source/Hochschule_f%C3%BCr_Musik_Hanns_Eisler_Berlin)
* [Karl Straube](/source/Karl_Straube) (1873–1950), teacher at the conservatory, organist and cantor of St. Thomas, director of the ''Kirchenmusikalisches Institut'' (Church Music Institute, Leipzig)
* [George Szell](/source/George_Szell) (1897–1970), pupil at the conservatory, conductor, pianist and composer
* [Robert Teichmüller](/source/Robert_Teichm%C3%BCller) (1863–1939), teacher at the conservatory and pianist
* [Bruno Walter](/source/Bruno_Walter) (1876–1962), conductor, pianist, composer and Gewandhaus Kapellmeister
}}
; Notable residents
{{columns-list|colwidth=15em|1=
* [Elsa Asenijeff](/source/Elsa_Asenijeff) (1867–1941), writer, partner of [Max Klinger](/source/Max_Klinger) – Schwägrichenstrasse 11
* Max Ariowitsch (1880–1969), fur trader and benefactor – Karl-Tauchnitz-Strasse 14 (Villa Ariowitsch/war loss)
* Rudolf Heinrich Brockhaus (1864–1943), publisher and printer owner – Beethovenstrasse 8 (Roßbachhaus)
* [Otto Brückwald](/source/Otto_Br%C3%BCckwald) (1841–1917), architect – Schwägrichenstrasse 11
* [Hermann Credner](/source/Hermann_Credner) (1841–1913), geologist and paleontologist – Karl-Tauchnitz-Strasse 11 (Villa Herfurth)
* [Alfred Dörffel](/source/Alfred_D%C3%B6rffel) (1821–1905), music writer, music collector and music publisher of classic editions (Musikalienhandlung Dörffel) – Mozartstrasse 7 (war loss)
* Peter Dybwad (1859–1921), architect – Ferdinand-Rhode-Strasse 32 (Villa Dybwad/war loss)
* [Alfred Freyberg](/source/Alfred_Freyberg) (1892–1945), Nazi politician and [Mayor of Leipzig](/source/Mayor_of_Leipzig) – Karl-Tauchnitz-Strasse 17 (Villa Girbardt/war loss)
* Georg Friedrich Giesecke (1853–1930), type foundry and printing press manufacturer – Karl-Tauchnitz-Strasse 21 (Villa Georg Giesecke)
* Fritz von Harck (1855–1917), art historian, art collector and patron of the arts – Karl-Tauchnitz-Strasse 6 (Villa Harck)
* [Hans Hartung](/source/Hans_Hartung) (1904–1989), painter and graphic artist – Mozartstrasse 1
* Julius Edgar Herfurth (1865–1950), newspaper publisher – Karl-Tauchnitz-Strasse 11 (Villa Herfurth)
* Georg H. S. Hirzel (1867–1924), publisher, bookseller, grandson of the publisher Salomon Hirzel – Schwägrichenstrasse 13
* [Ernst Hölder](/source/Ernst_H%C3%B6lder) (1901–1990), mathematician
* Arthur Johlige (1857–1937), architect – Mozartstrasse 21a (Villa Johlige)
* [Erich Kästner](/source/Erich_K%C3%A4stner) (1899–1974), writer and screenwriter – Hohe Strasse 51
* Wilhelm Klemm (1881–1968), poet and publisher, son-in-law of Alfred Kröner – Karl-Tauchnitz-Strasse 33 (Villa Cichorius)
* Alfred Kröner (1861–1922), publisher and editor of the magazine [Die Gartenlaube](/source/Die_Gartenlaube) – Karl-Tauchnitz-Strasse 33 (Villa Cichorius)
* Georg Langbein (1849–1909), chemist and entrepreneur – Karl-Tauchnitz-Strasse 23 (Haus Langbein)
* [Paul List](/source/Paul_List_(publisher)) (1869–1929), publisher – Ferdinand-Rhode-Strasse 2 (Villa Hermann Beckmann/war loss)
* Hans Marquardt (1920–2004), publisher – Mozartstrasse 17
* Max von Pauer (1866–1945), pianist and director of the conservatory
* Josef Mathias Petersmann (1864–1942), publisher and printer owner – Schwägrichenstrasse 23 (Villa Petersmann)
* [Nikolaus Pevsner](/source/Nikolaus_Pevsner) (1902–1983), art and architectural historian – Schwägrichenstrasse 11
* [Günter Raphael](/source/G%C3%BCnter_Raphael) (1903–1960), composer and university lecturer – Schwägrichenstrasse 11
* Hans Heinrich Reclam (1840–1920), publisher bookseller and printer owner, heir and owner of the [Reclam](/source/Reclam) publishing house, – Karl-Tauchnitz-Strasse 35 (Villa Swiderski/war loss)
* [Rentarō Taki](/source/Rentar%C5%8D_Taki) (1879–1903), Japanese composer – Ferdinand-Rhode-Strasse 7 (today Mozartstrasse 6)
* [Auguste Schmidt](/source/Auguste_Schmidt) (1833–1902), writer and women's rights activist – Grassistrasse 33 (today part of a large-panel-system building)
* Ernst Arthur Seemann (1829–1904), publisher – Wächterstrasse 32 (Villa Seemann=Villa Ury)
* [Carl Seffner](/source/Carl_Seffner) (1861–1932), [sculptor](/source/Sculpture) – Grassistrasse 17
* W. F. A. Siegel (?–?), music publisher (Verlag Kistner & Siegel) – Beethovenstrasse 8 (Roßbachhaus)
* Sieskind Sieskind (1833–1925), banker, millionaire and privy councillor of commerce – Wächterstrasse 15 (Villa Sieskind)[Gormsen, Hella (2022). Leipziger Spaziergänge. Musikviertel [Leipzig Walks. Musikviertel], p. 28.]
* Jakob Sieskind (1872–1943), son of Sieskind Sieskind, lawyer, banker and victim of the Nazi [{{Cite web |url=https://stolpersteine-guide.de/map/biografie/764/sieskind-jakob |title=Sieskind, Jakob |website=Der Stolpersteine Guide |access-date=2025-01-30 |language=de}}] – Wächterstrasse 15 (Villa Sieskind)
* [Karl Straube](/source/Karl_Straube) (1873–1950), organist and cantor of St. Thomas – Grassistrasse 30 (war loss)
* [Adolf von Strümpell](/source/Adolf_Str%C3%BCmpell) (1853–1925), physician, university lecturer and rector of the Leipzig University
* [Rudolf Swiderski](/source/Rudolf_Swiderski) (1878–1909), German chess master – Karl-Tauchnitz-Strasse 35 (Villa Swiderski/war loss)
* [Ulrich Thieme](/source/Ulrich_Thieme) (1865–1922), art historian – Ferdinand-Rhode-Strasse 36 (Villa Thieme/war loss)
* Paul Thorer (1858–1920), fur trader – Beethovenstrasse 35 (Villa Thorer/war loss)
* Robert Hermann Tillmanns (1844–1927), physician and pediatric surgeon – Wächterstrasse 30 (Villa Tillmanns)
* [Amadeus Webersinke](/source/Amadeus_Webersinke) (1920–2005), pianist, organist and university teacher – Schwägrichenstrasse 15
* [Mary Wigman](/source/Mary_Wigman) (1886–1973), dancer, choreographer and dance teacher, pioneer of [modern dance](/source/modern_dance) – Mozartstrasse 17
* [Wilhelm Wundt](/source/Wilhelm_Wundt) (1832–1920), philosopher, physiologist and psychologist – Schwägrichenstrasse 17
* [Karl Zumpe](/source/Karl_Zumpe) (1924–2001), Gewandhaus Director – Beethovenstrasse 8 (Roßbachhaus)
}}
== Streets ==
In the Musikviertel, the streets running north-south are mainly named after Leipzig donors and those running east-west are mainly named after composers. Some of the namesakes of the streets are also honorary citizens of Leipzig. The naming of the streets, which were marked with letters and numbers at the time of planning and development, took place from 1885 onwards.
=== North-south direction ===
* Karl-Tauchnitz-Strasse, after [Karl Tauchnitz](/source/Karl_Tauchnitz) (1798–1884), publisher and benefactor; the street has its beginning at the northeastern border of the neighbourhood opposite the [New Town Hall](/source/New_Town_Hall_(Leipzig)) and runs first straight east-west and then mostly in an arc in a north-south direction.
* Schwägrichenstrasse, after [Christian Friedrich Schwägrichen](/source/Christian_Friedrich_Schw%C3%A4grichen) (1775–1853), botanist and university teacher
* Ferdinand-Rhode-Strasse, after Ferdinand Rhode (1802–1872), merchant and benefactor
* Grassistrasse, after [Franz Dominic Grassi](/source/Franz_Dominic_Grassi) (1801–1880), merchant and benefactor
* Wilhelm-Seyfferth-Strasse, after Wilhelm Theodor Seyfferth (1807–1881), banker, railway pioneer and benefactor
* Simsonstrasse (1933–1945 Von-der-Pfordten-Strasse, after [Theodor von der Pfordten](/source/Theodor_von_der_Pfordten) (1873–1923), lawyer and so-called ''[Blutzeuge](/source/Blutzeuge)'' of the Nazi movement); before and after [Martin Eduard von Simson](/source/Martin_Eduard_von_Simson) (1810–1899), jurist and first president of the Imperial Court
* Lampestrasse, parallel street to Simsonstrasse, both separated by the Pleißemühlgraben, which is still filled in at this point, after Carl Lampe (1804–1889), entrepreneur, patron of the arts and railway pioneer
* Simsonplatz, forecourt of the [Federal Administrative Court](/source/Federal_Administrative_Court_(Germany)) (former Imperial Court), 1900–1947 ''Reichsgerichtsplatz'', 1947–1949 ''Präsident-Friedrichs-Platz'', after the Saxon politician [Rudolf Friedrichs](/source/Rudolf_Friedrichs) (1892–1947), 1949–1997 ''Georgi-Dimitroff-Platz'', after [Georgi Dimitroff](/source/Georgi_Dimitrov) (1882–1949), Bulgarian communist and defendant in the [Reichstag fire trial](/source/Reichstag_fire_trial)
* Wundtstrasse (in part), after [Wilhelm Wundt](/source/Wilhelm_Wundt) (1832–1920), philosopher, physiologist and psychologist
=== East-west direction ===
* Karl-Tauchnitz-Strasse, see above
* Wächterstrasse (1949–1991 Dimitroffstrasse); before and after [Karl Georg von Wächter](/source/Karl_Georg_von_W%C3%A4chter) (1797–1880), jurist and rector of the Leipzig University
* Beethovenstrasse, after [Ludwig van Beethoven](/source/Ludwig_van_Beethoven) (1770–1827), composer
* Mozartstrasse, after [Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart](/source/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart) (1756–1791), composer
* Haydnstraße, after Joseph Haydn (1732–1809), composer
* Robert-Schumann-Strasse, after [Robert Schumann](/source/Robert_Schumann) (1810–1856), composer
* Telemannstrasse (formerly Pestalozzistrasse), after [Georg Philipp Telemann](/source/Georg_Philipp_Telemann) (1681–1767), Composer
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
{{Commonscat|Musikviertel (Leipzig)|Musikviertel}}
* {{Cite web |url=http://www.leipzig-lexikon.de/GEMEINDE/mv.htm |title=Eintrag zum Musikviertel im Leipzig-Lexikon |trans-title=Entry Musikviertel in the Leipzig-Lexikon |website=leipzig-lexikon.de |access-date=2015-04-04 |language=de}}
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{{Portal|Germany|Saxony}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Musikviertel}}
Category:Boroughs and quarters of Leipzig
Category:Musikviertel
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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Musikviertel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musikviertel) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musikviertel?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.