# Mush dialect

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> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Mush_dialect.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mush_dialect
> Source revision: 1341242381
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{{short description|Dialect of Armenian}}
{{Infobox language
| name             = Mush
| nativename       = Մշոյ բարբառ
| states           = [Georgia](/source/Georgia_(country)), [Armenia](/source/Armenia) 
| ethnicity        = [Armenians](/source/Armenians)
| speakers         = 3,000
| date             = no date
| ref              = {{cn|date=March 2018}}
| familycolor      = Indo-European
| fam2             = [Armenian](/source/Armenian_language)
| fam3             = [Western](/source/Western_Armenian)
| script           = [Armenian alphabet](/source/Armenian_alphabet)
| iso3             = none
| iso3comment      = (included in {{ISO 639|hyw|link=yes}} [hyw])
| glotto           = muss1244
| glottorefname    = Mush
| map              = Mush dialect Adjarian.jpg
| mapcaption       = The area where the Mush dialect was spoken before the [Armenian genocide](/source/Armenian_genocide) (according to [Hrachia Adjarian](/source/Hrachia_Adjarian)'s 1909 book ''[Classification des dialectes arméniens](/source/Classification_des_dialectes_arm%C3%A9niens)''){{sfn|Adjarian|1909|pp=44-45}}
}}

The '''Mush dialect''' ({{langx|hy|Մշոյ բարբառ, Mšo barbař}}) is a [Western Armenian](/source/Western_Armenian) dialect formerly spoken in the city of [Mush (Muş)](/source/Mu%C5%9F) and the historic region of [Taron](/source/Taron_(historic_Armenia)), in present-day eastern [Turkey](/source/Turkey). As a result of the extermination of the native Armenian population during the [genocide of 1915](/source/Armenian_genocide), the dialect is almost completely extinct today with only several thousand native speakers in a number of villages in [Armenia](/source/Armenia) and three Armenian-populated villages in the [Samtskhe-Javakheti](/source/Samtskhe-Javakheti) province of [Georgia](/source/Georgia_(country)).

==Area spoken==
According to [Hrachia Adjarian](/source/Hrachia_Adjarian) in the early 20th century, the Mush dialect was spoken in the cities of [Bitlis](/source/Bitlis), [Xizan (Hizan)](/source/Hizan), [Khlat (Xlat)](/source/Ahlat), [Arjesh](/source/Erci%C5%9F), [Bulanikh](/source/Bulan%C4%B1k), [Manazkert](/source/Malazgirt), [Khnus (Xnus)](/source/H%C4%B1n%C4%B1s), and [Alashkert](/source/Ele%C5%9Fkirt). The dialect was spread to the west of [Lake Van](/source/Lake_Van).{{sfn|Adjarian|1909|p=48}}

During the [Russo-Turkish War of (1877–78)](/source/Russo-Turkish_War_(1877%E2%80%9378)), Armenians from Mush and Alashkert established villages in the [Erivan Governorate](/source/Erivan_Governorate): in [Aparan](/source/Aparan) and south of [Novo-Bayazit](/source/Gavar) (present-day Gavar). According to Adjarian there were 21 Armenian villages in the Erivan Governorate where the Mush dialect was spoken. Another group of Armenians from Khnus settled near [Akhalkalaki](/source/Akhalkalaki), particularly in three villages: Heshtia, Toria and Ujmana.{{sfn|Adjarian|1909|p=48}}<ref>{{cite web|last=Simavoryan|first=Arestakes|title=Ախալքալաքի և Նինոծմինդայի հայ կաթոլիկ համայնքների խնդիրները [Problems of the Catholic Armenian communities in Akhalkalaki and Ninotsminda districts]|url=http://www.noravank.am/arm/issues/detail.php?ELEMENT_ID=2333|publisher=[Noravank Foundation](/source/Noravank_Foundation)|language=hy|date=21 May 2009|quote=Միավորող է նաև լեզվի գործոնը՝ Մշո բարբառը...}}</ref>

According to a 1955 article the Mush dialect was spoken in villages located in the following districts (''[raion](/source/raion)'') of Soviet Armenia: [Talin](/source/Talin%2C_Armenia), [Aparan](/source/Aparan), [Artik](/source/Artik), [Aghin](/source/Aghin), [Ejmiatsin](/source/Vagharshapat), and [Martuni](/source/Martuni%2C_Armenia).{{sfn|Baghdasarian|1955|p=69}}

One notable village in Armenia where the dialect is still spoken is [Kamo](/source/Kamo%2C_Armenia) in the northwestern [Shirak Province](/source/Shirak_Province).<ref>{{cite web|title=Կամո [Kamo]|url=http://shirak.mtaes.am/about-communities/626/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20151025204610/http://shirak.mtaes.am/about-communities/626/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2015-10-25|website=shirak.mtaes.am|publisher=Ministry of Territorial Administration and Emergency Situations of Republic of Armenia|language=hy|quote=Բնակչությունը հիմնականում հայեր են և խոսում են մշո բարբառով:}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title="Թող ընպես ընեն, որ էս երկրում գյուղացին կրնանա շունչ քաշե, ես էլի կդառնամ հող կմշակեմ",-ասում է Կամո գյուղի բնակիչ Զարզանդ Գորգորյանը|url=http://hetq.am/arm/print/738/|work=[Hetq Online](/source/Hetq_Online)|date=28 April 2011|language=hy|quote=Բնակչության շրջանում գերիշխում է Մշո բարբառը:|access-date=8 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710162009/http://hetq.am/arm/print/738|archive-date=10 July 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Notable speakers==
*[Gegham Ter-Karapetian](/source/Gegham_Ter-Karapetian) (Msho Gegham) (1856–1918), writer, poet<ref>{{cite book|last=Hacikyan|first=Agop Jack|title=The Heritage of Armenian Literature: From The Eighteenth Century To Modern Times|year=2005|publisher=Wayne State University Press|location=Detroit|isbn=9780814332214|page=566}}</ref> 
*[Arabo](/source/Arabo) (1863–1893), ''[fedayi](/source/Armenian_fedayees)''
*[Aghbiur Serob](/source/Aghbiur_Serob) (1864–1899), ''fedayi''
*[Hrayr Dzhoghk](/source/Hrayr_Dzhoghk) (1864–1904), ''fedayi''
*[Kevork Chavush](/source/Kevork_Chavush) (1870–1907), ''fedayi''
*[Makhluto](/source/Makhluto) (1872–1956), ''fedayi''
*[Armenak Shahmuradyan](/source/Armenak_Shahmuradyan) (1878–1939), singer 
*[William Saroyan](/source/William_Saroyan) (1908–1981), US-born writer<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ksz7VLbsx7g YouTube video] of William Saroyan's visit to Soviet Armenia in the 1970s. He clearly speaks the Mush dialect.</ref>
*[Khachik Dashtents](/source/Khachik_Dashtents) (1910–1981), writer

==Songs in Mush dialect==
*"[Zartir lao](/source/Zartir_lao)" - ''[ashugh](/source/Ashik)'' Fahrat (1890s)
*"Dle yaman" - written down by [Komitas Vardapet](/source/Komitas_Vardapet) in early 20th century, performed by [Lusine Zakaryan](/source/Lusine_Zakaryan), [Flora Martirosian](/source/Flora_Martirosian), [Isabel Bayrakdarian](/source/Isabel_Bayrakdarian),
*"[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xdbk7Zu9UQ0 Lily]" - Armenoids (2007)
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fyi2Nva9bMw Gulo] - Hasmik Harutyunyan

==References==
;Notes
{{reflist|3}}

;Bibliography
*{{cite journal|last=Baghdasarian|first=S.|title=Դիտողություններ Մշո բարբառի մասին|journal=Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of the Armenian SSR: Social Sciences|year=1955|pages=67–82|publisher=[Armenian National Academy of Sciences](/source/Armenian_National_Academy_of_Sciences)|location=Yerevan|url=http://basss.asj-oa.am/1124/|language=hy}} 
*{{cite journal|last=Antosian|first=S.|title=Ուսումնասիրություն Մշո բարբառի մասին|journal=Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of the Armenian SSR: Social Sciences|year=1958|issue=11|pages=99–102|url=http://basss.asj-oa.am/1668/|access-date=28 March 2013|publisher=[Armenian National Academy of Sciences](/source/Armenian_National_Academy_of_Sciences)|location=Yerevan|language=hy}}

;Further reading
*{{cite book|last=Patkanov|first=Kerovbe|title=Mushkii dialekt [Dialect of Mush]|year=1875|publisher=[Russian Academy of Sciences](/source/Russian_Academy_of_Sciences)|location=St. Petersburg|authorlink=Kerovbe Patkanian|language=ru}} — includes folklore genres in Mush dialect
*{{cite book|last=Mseriants|first=Levon|title=Этюды по армянской диалектологии|year=1897|location=Moscow|authorlink=:ru:Мсерианц, Левон Зармайрович|language=ru}}
*{{cite book|last=Adjarian|first=Hrachia|authorlink=Hrachia Adjarian|title=[Classification des dialectes arméniens](/source/Classification_des_dialectes_arm%C3%A9niens)|year=1909|publisher=Librairie Honore Champion|location=Paris|language=fr}}
*{{cite book|last=Baghdasarian-Tapaltsian|first=S. H.|title=Msho barbare [The Dialect of Mush]|year=1958|publisher=[Armenian National Academy of Sciences](/source/Armenian_National_Academy_of_Sciences)|location=Yerevan|language=hy}} — a wide study on the dialect, includes 15 stories, 710 proverbs, sayings, blessings

{{Armenian language|state=expanded}}

Category:Armenian-language dialects
Category:Muş

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Mush dialect](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mush_dialect) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mush_dialect?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.