# Muse offensive

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2016 rebel offensive in Shan State, Myanmar

Muse offensive Part of the Myanmar conflict Date 20 November – 4 December 2016 (2 weeks) Location Muse Township, Shan State, Myanmar Result Myanmar government victory Territorial changes Mong Ko is captured by the Northern Alliance on 25 November 2016 but retaken by the Myanmar Army on 4 December 2016. Belligerents Myanmar Northern Alliance Units involved Tatmadaw Myanmar Army Northeastern Command Myanmar Air Force Myanmar Police Force Border Guard Police Arakan Army Kachin Independence Army Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army Ta'ang National Liberation Army 5th Brigade Casualties and losses 16–31 killed 51 wounded 2,600 internally displaced 3,000 fled to China

v t e Myanmar conflict Armed conflicts China–Myanmar border (1960–1961) Kachin Karen Karen–Mon Kokang 2009 2015 Rohingya Shan Rakhine post-2021 coup Northeast India Bombings and attacks 1947 1983 1999 2003 2005 2010 2013 2018 Coup d'états 1962 1988 2021 Protests 1962 1974 1988 2007–2008 2018 2021–present Related topics Ceasefires Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement Combatants Ethnic armed organisations Myanmar portal

The **Muse offensive**, also known as the **Mong Ko offensive**, was a [joint military operation](/source/Joint_warfare) by members of the [Northern Alliance](/source/Northern_Alliance_(Myanmar)), consisting of the [Arakan Army](/source/Arakan_Army_(Kachin_State)) (AA), the [Kachin Independence Army](/source/Kachin_Independence_Army) (KIA), the [Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army](/source/Myanmar_National_Democratic_Alliance_Army) (MNDAA) and the [Ta'ang National Liberation Army](/source/Ta'ang_National_Liberation_Army) (TNLA). The groups targeted towns and border posts along the [China–Myanmar border](/source/China%E2%80%93Myanmar_border) in [Muse Township](/source/Mu_Se_Township), [Myanmar](/source/Myanmar).

## Timeline

On the morning of 20 November 2016, MNDAA and Arakan Army troops attacked the town of [Mong Ko](/source/Mong_Ko) at 3:00 am ([MMT](/source/Myanmar_Standard_Time)), KIA troops attacked the town of Pang Sai at 6:00 am,[1] and two battalions of the TNLA's 5th Brigade attacked border police and army posts in Muse Township at 8:00 am. Eight people were killed in the attack—one soldier, three policemen and 4 civilians—whilst 26 others were wounded.[2][3] The Myanmar Army responded to the attacks by shelling insurgent bases in Muse Township, and the Myanmar Air Force began launching more airstrikes in the area as well, resulting in several civilian casualties.[4]

Local charities and aid groups reported that 2,000[5] to 3,000[2] [internally displaced](/source/Internally_displaced_person) civilians fled to nearby [monasteries](/source/Monastery) in Muse Township following the clashes. After fighting had ceased in the town of [Muse](/source/Muse%2C_Myanmar) on 23 November 2016, over 800 residents returned under the security of the Myanmar Army and local militias. However, some residents remained fearful and contradicted official reports that the fighting had ended, saying that they could still hear gunfire in the town.[6]

The [Northern Alliance](/source/Northern_Alliance_(Myanmar)) claimed complete control of Mong Ko on 25 November 2016;[7] however, the [Myanmar Army](/source/Myanmar_Army) recaptured the town on 4 December 2016, after Northern Alliance troops withdrew to avoid civilian casualties[8] from [airstrikes](/source/Airstrike) by the [Myanmar Air Force](/source/Myanmar_Air_Force).[9][10]

## Aftermath

On 30 November 2016, a total of 16 people had died from the conflict, 51 had been wounded, 2,600 had been internally displaced, and 3,000 had fled to [China](/source/China).[11] The [Uppsala Conflict Data Program](/source/Uppsala_Conflict_Data_Program) recorded 31 deaths: 10 combatants and 21 civilians.[12]

The violence severely reduced cross-border trade in the area between China and Myanmar, damaging the local economy that formerly saw $10 million [USD](/source/United_States_dollar) worth of goods pass the border daily.[13][14]

[State Counsellor of Myanmar](/source/State_Counsellor_of_Myanmar) [Aung San Suu Kyi](/source/Aung_San_Suu_Kyi) made a statement on 23 November 2016, urging the Northern Alliance to cease hostilities and to sign the [Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement](/source/Nationwide_Ceasefire_Agreement) (NCA).[15] A spokesperson for the TNLA later blamed the government for the fighting and for subsequent failed peace arrangements, citing the exclusion of the KIA from individual meetings as a deterrent for the Northern Alliance.[16]

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Weng_1-0)** Weng, Lawi (20 November 2016). ["Ethnic Armed Groups Launch Joint Offensive in Northern Shan State"](https://web.archive.org/web/20230614052702/https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/ethnic-armed-groups-launch-joint-offensive-in-northern-shan-state.html). *The Irrawaddy*. Archived from [the original](https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/ethnic-armed-groups-launch-joint-offensive-in-northern-shan-state.html) on 14 June 2023. Retrieved 3 May 2018.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Nadi_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Nadi_2-1) Nadi, Nang Mya (22 November 2016). ["8 killed as ethnic rebels hit Muse"](https://web.archive.org/web/20180504010454/http://www.dvb.no/news/8-killed-ethnic-rebels-hit-muse/72729). *DVB Multimedia Group*. Archived from [the original](http://www.dvb.no/news/8-killed-ethnic-rebels-hit-muse/72729) on 4 May 2018. Retrieved 3 May 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** Aung, Thu Thu (21 November 2016). ["Ethnic armed groups launch attack near Muse"](https://web.archive.org/web/20180626192250/https://www.mmtimes.com/national-news/23800-ethnic-armed-groups-launch-attack-near-muse.html). *The Myanmar Times*. Archived from [the original](https://www.mmtimes.com/national-news/23800-ethnic-armed-groups-launch-attack-near-muse.html) on 26 June 2018. Retrieved 3 May 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Nyein, Nyein (26 December 2017). ["Fighting in Northeast Picks Up at Year's End"](https://web.archive.org/web/20230614054205/https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/fighting-northeast-picks-years-end.html). *The Irrawaddy*. Archived from [the original](https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/fighting-northeast-picks-years-end.html) on 14 June 2023. Retrieved 3 May 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** ["Kachin Independence Army Teams Up with Other Fighters in Myanmar Attack"](https://web.archive.org/web/20231201070234/https://www.rfa.org/english/news/myanmar/kachin-independence-army-teams-11212016141619.html). *Radio Free Asia*. 21 November 2016. Archived from [the original](https://www.rfa.org/english/news/myanmar/kachin-independence-army-teams-11212016141619.html) on 1 December 2023. Retrieved 3 May 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** ["Myanmar Residents Return to Muse Despite Fears That Armed Clashes Will Continue"](https://web.archive.org/web/20230917180021/https://www.rfa.org/english/news/myanmar/myanmar-residents-return-to-muse-despite-fears-that-armed-clashes-will-continue-11232016151915.html/). *Radio Free Asia*. 23 November 2016. Archived from [the original](https://www.rfa.org/english/news/myanmar/myanmar-residents-return-to-muse-despite-fears-that-armed-clashes-will-continue-11232016151915.html) on 17 September 2023. Retrieved 3 May 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** Weng, Lawi (28 November 2016). ["Ethnic Armed Groups Claim Control of Border Town"](https://web.archive.org/web/20240213160049/https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/ethnic-armed-groups-claim-control-of-border-town.html). *The Irrawaddy*. Archived from [the original](https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/ethnic-armed-groups-claim-control-of-border-town.html) on 13 February 2024. Retrieved 3 May 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** Weng, Lawi (5 December 2016). ["Ethnic Armed Groups Withdraw from Mong Ko to Protect Civilians"](https://web.archive.org/web/20231120080041/https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/ethnic-armed-groups-withdraw-from-mong-ko-to-protect-civilians.html). *The Irrawaddy*. Archived from [the original](https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/ethnic-armed-groups-withdraw-from-mong-ko-to-protect-civilians.html) on 20 November 2023. Retrieved 3 May 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** Aung, Thu Thu (24 November 2016). ["Air strikes reported as Shan State conflict spreads"](https://web.archive.org/web/20181116083656/https://www.mmtimes.com/national-news/23870-air-strikes-reported-as-shan-state-conflict-spreads.html). *The Myanmar Times*. Archived from [the original](https://www.mmtimes.com/national-news/23870-air-strikes-reported-as-shan-state-conflict-spreads.html) on 16 November 2018. Retrieved 3 May 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** Noreen, Naw (5 December 2016). ["Burmese army recaptures Mongko"](https://web.archive.org/web/20180503181057/http://www.dvb.no/news/burmese-army-recaptures-mongko/72958). *DVB Multimedia Group*. Archived from [the original](http://www.dvb.no/news/burmese-army-recaptures-mongko/72958) on 3 May 2018. Retrieved 3 May 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Choudhury_11-0)** Choudhury, Angshuman (8 December 2016). ["The Muse Rebel Attacks: Dangers of Myanmar's Two-Faced Peace Process"](https://web.archive.org/web/20170914194132/http://reliefweb.int/report/myanmar/muse-rebel-attacks-dangers-myanmars-two-faced-peace-process). *ReliefWeb*. Archived from [the original](https://reliefweb.int/report/myanmar/muse-rebel-attacks-dangers-myanmars-two-faced-peace-process) on 14 September 2017. Retrieved 3 May 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** ["Myanmar (Burma)"](https://ucdp.uu.se/country/775). *ucdp.uu.se*. Uppsala Conflict Data Program. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220114093601/https://ucdp.uu.se/country/775) from the original on 14 January 2022. Retrieved 18 November 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** Htwe, Chan Mya; Wai, Khin Su (24 November 2016). ["Muse offensive closes border trading"](https://web.archive.org/web/20180627005443/https://www.mmtimes.com/business/23878-muse-offensive-closes-border-trading.html). *The Myanmar Times*. Archived from [the original](https://www.mmtimes.com/business/23878-muse-offensive-closes-border-trading.html) on 27 June 2018. Retrieved 3 May 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** ["Normalcy returning to Muse: state media"](https://web.archive.org/web/20170628040645/http://www.dvb.no/news/normalcy-returning-muse-state-media/72846). *DVB Multimedia Group*. 29 November 2016. Archived from [the original](http://www.dvb.no/news/normalcy-returning-muse-state-media/72846) on 28 June 2017. Retrieved 3 May 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** Myint, Sithu Aung (11 December 2016). ["Fighting for peace in Muse, the KIA shoots itself in the foot"](https://web.archive.org/web/20240413045107/https://www.frontiermyanmar.net/en/fighting-for-peace-in-muse-the-kia-shoots-itself-in-the-foot/?tztc=1). *Frontier Myanmar*. Archived from [the original](https://frontiermyanmar.net/en/fighting-for-peace-in-muse-the-kia-shoots-itself-in-the-foot) on 13 April 2024. Retrieved 3 May 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-16)** Noreen, Naw (5 December 2016). ["Northern Alliance calls for nationwide ceasefire"](https://web.archive.org/web/20161206173300/http://www.dvb.no/news/northern-alliance-calls-nationwide-ceasefire/72950). *DVB Multimedia Group*. Archived from [the original](http://www.dvb.no/news/northern-alliance-calls-nationwide-ceasefire/72950) on 6 December 2016. Retrieved 3 May 2018.

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Muse offensive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muse_offensive) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muse_offensive?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.