# Muroidea
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> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Muroidea.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muroidea
> Source revision: 1354820867
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{{short description|Superfamily of rodents}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = {{fossil_range|37|0|Middle [Eocene](/source/Eocene) – recent}}
| image = Mouse white background.jpg
| image_caption = Common house mouse (''[Mus musculus](/source/Mus_musculus)'')
| taxon = Muroidea
| authority = [Illiger](/source/Johann_Karl_Wilhelm_Illiger), 1811
| subdivision_ranks = Families
| subdivision =
[Platacanthomyidae](/source/Platacanthomyidae)
[Spalacidae](/source/Spalacidae)
[Calomyscidae](/source/Calomyscidae)
[Nesomyidae](/source/Nesomyidae)
[Cricetidae](/source/Cricetidae)
[Muridae](/source/Muridae)
'''sister:''' [Dipodoidea](/source/Dipodoidea)
}}
The '''Muroidea''' are a large [superfamily](/source/Taxonomic_rank) of [rodent](/source/rodent)s, including [mice](/source/mice), [rat](/source/rat)s, [vole](/source/vole)s, [hamster](/source/hamster)s, [lemming](/source/lemming)s, [gerbil](/source/Gerbillinae)s, and many other relatives. Although the Muroidea originated in Eurasia,[{{Cite journal |last1=D'elía |first1=G. |last2=González |first2=E.M. |last3=Pardiñas |first3=U.F.J. |date=2003 |title=Phylogenetic analysis of sigmodontine rodents (Muroidea), with special reference to the akodont genus Deltamys |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1616504704700919 |journal=Mammalian Biology |language=en |volume=68 |issue=6 |pages=351–364 |doi=10.1078/1616-5047-00104|hdl=11336/102889 |hdl-access=free }}] they occupy a vast variety of [habitats](/source/habitat_(ecology)) on every continent except [Antarctica](/source/Antarctica). Some authorities have placed all members of this group into a single family, [Muridae](/source/Muridae), due to difficulties in determining how the [subfamilies](/source/subfamily) are related to one another. Many of the families within the Muroidea superfamily have more variations between the families than between the different clades.[{{Cite journal |last1=Alhajeri |first1=Bader H. |last2=Steppan |first2=Scott J. |date=September 2018 |title=Disparity and Evolutionary Rate Do Not Explain Diversity Patterns in Muroid Rodents (Rodentia: Muroidea) |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11692-018-9453-z |journal=Evolutionary Biology |language=en |volume=45 |issue=3 |pages=324–344 |doi=10.1007/s11692-018-9453-z |bibcode=2018EvBio..45..324A |s2cid=255342087 |issn=0071-3260|url-access=subscription }}] A possible explanation for the variations in rodents is because of the location of these rodents; these changes could have been due to radiation[{{Cite journal |last1=Jansa |first1=Sharon A. |last2=Giarla |first2=Thomas C. |last3=Lim |first3=Burton K. |date=2009-10-15 |title=The Phylogenetic Position of the Rodent Genus Typhlomys and the Geographic Origin of Muroidea |journal=Journal of Mammalogy |language=en |volume=90 |issue=5 |pages=1083–1094 |doi=10.1644/08-MAMM-A-318.1 |issn=0022-2372|doi-access=free }}] or the overall environment they migrated to or originated[{{Cite journal |last1=Jansa |first1=Sharon A. |last2=Giarla |first2=Thomas C. |last3=Lim |first3=Burton K. |date=2009-10-15 |title=The Phylogenetic Position of the Rodent Genus Typhlomys and the Geographic Origin of Muroidea |journal=Journal of Mammalogy |language=en |volume=90 |issue=5 |pages=1083–1094 |doi=10.1644/08-MAMM-A-318.1 |issn=0022-2372|doi-access=free }}] in. The following [taxonomy](/source/Taxonomy_(biology)) is based on recent well-supported [molecular phylogenies](/source/molecular_phylogeny).[{{Cite journal | last1 = Steppan | first1 = S. | last2 = Adkins | first2 = R. | last3 = Anderson | first3 = J. | doi = 10.1080/10635150490468701 | title = Phylogeny and Divergence-Date Estimates of Rapid Radiations in Muroid Rodents Based on Multiple Nuclear Genes | journal = Systematic Biology | volume = 53 | issue = 4 | pages = 533–553 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15371245}}]
The muroids are classified in six [families](/source/Family_(taxonomy)), 19 [subfamilies](/source/subfamily), around 280 [genera](/source/genus), and at least 1,750 [species](/source/species).
==Taxonomy==
*Family [Platacanthomyidae](/source/Platacanthomyidae) ([spiny dormouse](/source/spiny_dormouse) and [pygmy dormice](/source/Chinese_pygmy_dormouse))
*Family [Spalacidae](/source/Spalacidae) (fossorial muroids)
**Subfamily [Myospalacinae](/source/Myospalacinae) ([zokor](/source/zokor)s)
**Subfamily [Rhizomyinae](/source/Rhizomyinae) ([bamboo rat](/source/bamboo_rat)s and root rats)
**Subfamily [Spalacinae](/source/Spalacinae) ([blind mole rat](/source/blind_mole_rat)s)
*Clade [Eumuroida](/source/Eumuroida) – typical muroids
**Family [Calomyscidae](/source/Calomyscidae)
***Subfamily [Calomyscinae](/source/Calomyscinae) ([mouse-like hamster](/source/mouse-like_hamster)s)
**Family [Nesomyidae](/source/Nesomyidae)
***Subfamily [Cricetomyinae](/source/Cricetomyinae) (pouched rats and mice)
***Subfamily [Dendromurinae](/source/Dendromurinae) ([African climbing mice](/source/African_climbing_mice), [gerbil mice](/source/gerbil_mice), [fat mice](/source/fat_mice) and [forest mice](/source/forest_mice))
***Subfamily [Mystromyinae](/source/Mystromyinae) ([white-tailed rat](/source/white-tailed_rat))
***Subfamily [Nesomyinae](/source/Nesomyinae) (Malagasy rats and mice)
***Subfamily [Petromyscinae](/source/Petromyscinae) ([rock mice](/source/rock_mouse) and the [climbing swamp mouse](/source/climbing_swamp_mouse))
**Family [Cricetidae](/source/Cricetidae)
***Subfamily [Arvicolinae](/source/Arvicolinae) ([vole](/source/vole)s, [lemming](/source/lemming)s and [muskrat](/source/muskrat))
***Subfamily [Cricetinae](/source/Cricetinae) (true [hamster](/source/hamster)s)
***Subfamily [Neotominae](/source/Neotominae) (North American rats and mice)
***Subfamily [Sigmodontinae](/source/Sigmodontinae) ([New World rats and mice](/source/New_World_rats_and_mice))
***Subfamily [Tylomyinae](/source/Tylomyinae) (vesper rats and climbing rats)
**Family [Muridae](/source/Muridae)
***Subfamily [Deomyinae](/source/Deomyinae) (spiny mice, brush-furred mice, link rat)
***Subfamily [Gerbillinae](/source/Gerbillinae) (gerbils, jirds and sand rats)
***Subfamily [Leimacomyinae](/source/Leimacomyinae) ([Togo mouse](/source/Togo_mouse))
***Subfamily [Lophiomyinae](/source/Lophiomyinae) ([crested rat](/source/crested_rat))
***Subfamily [Murinae](/source/Murinae) (Old World [rat](/source/rat)s and [mice](/source/mice), including [vlei rat](/source/vlei_rat)s)
==Phylogeny==
Five main [clade](/source/clade)s are recognized by Jansa & Weksler (2004).[{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1016/j.ympev.2003.07.002 | last1 = Jansa | first1 = S.A. | last2 = Weksler | first2 = M. | title = Phylogeny of muroid rodents: relationships within and among major lineages as determined by IRBP gene sequences | journal = Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume = 31 | issue = 1 | pages = 256–276 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15019624}}] Although [Platacanthomyidae](/source/Platacanthomyidae) was not analyzed by Jansa & Weksler (2004), a study by Fabre et al. 2012[{{Cite journal|last=Fabre |year=2012 |title= A glimpse on the pattern of rodent diversification: a phylogenetic approach |journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=88 |display-authors=etal|doi=10.1186/1471-2148-12-88 |pmid=22697210 |pmc=3532383 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2012BMCEE..12...88F }}] suggests that it is sister to the remaining groups within Muroidea.
{{clade
|style=font-size:85%;line-height:80%
|label1='''Muroidea'''
|1={{clade
|label1=
|1='''[Platacanthomyidae](/source/Platacanthomyidae)'''