# Murman Coast

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{{Short description|Area in Murmansk Oblast, Russia}}
{{coord|display=title|68|56|13|N|36|49|02|E|type:landmark_region:RU}}
[[File:Fantastic landscape - panoramio.jpg|thumb|300px|The Murman Coast on the [Rybachy Peninsula](/source/Rybachy_Peninsula)]]

The '''Murman Coast''' ({{langx|ru|Мурманский берег}}; {{langx|no|Murmankysten}}) is a coastal area in [Murmansk Oblast](/source/Murmansk_Oblast) in northwest [Russia](/source/Russia). It is located on the southern side of the [Barents Sea](/source/Barents_Sea), between the [Norway–Russia border](/source/Norway%E2%80%93Russia_border) and [Cape Svyatoy Nos](/source/Cape_Svyatoy_Nos%2C_Murmansk_Oblast). The major rivers flowing to the sea at the coast are the [Tuloma](/source/Tuloma_River) and the [Voronya](/source/Voronya_River).

==History==
The coast was originally home to coastal [Sámi](/source/S%C3%A1mi_people), and by the 13th century, it was populated by [Pomor](/source/Pomor)s. The old Russian term ''Murman'' is believed to be a corruption of the word [Norman](/source/Normans), referring to the Norsemen. In [Old Norse](/source/Old_Norse), this region was referred to as ''[Bjarmaland](/source/Bjarmaland)''.

From the 13th century, the [Novgorodians](/source/Novgorod_Republic) spread their influence into parts of the [Kola Peninsula](/source/Kola_Peninsula), leading to a clash in interests with [Norway](/source/Kingdom_of_Norway_(872%E2%80%931397)) over the right to tax the Sámi; [Finnmark](/source/Finnmark) and the Murman Coast formed part of a largely undefined frontier region. The two sides signed border treaties in 1251 and 1326; however, hostilities between the Russians and Norwegians along the border continued until the mid-15th century at least, with [Moscow](/source/Grand_Principality_of_Moscow) inheriting Novgorod's claim to the region.<ref>{{cite book |title=From Northeast Passage to Northern Sea Route: A History of the Waterway North of Eurasia |date=12 September 2022 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-52184-1 |page=17 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/From_Northeast_Passage_to_Northern_Sea_R/BNKLEAAAQBAJ |language=en}}</ref>

==Geography==
The Murman Coast is administratively shared between [Pechengsky](/source/Pechengsky_District), [Kolsky](/source/Kolsky_District) and [Lovozersky District](/source/Lovozersky_District)s of [Murmansk Oblast](/source/Murmansk_Oblast), and [Zaozyorsk](/source/Zaozyorsk), [Vidyayevo](/source/Vidyayevo), [Aleksandrovsk](/source/Alexandrovsk%2C_Murmansk_Oblast), [Murmansk](/source/Murmansk), [Severomorsk](/source/Severomorsk), [Ostrovnoy](/source/Ostrovnoy%2C_Murmansk_Oblast).

The cities of [Zaozyorsk](/source/Zaozyorsk), [Gadzhiyevo](/source/Gadzhiyevo), [Polyarny](/source/Polyarny%2C_Murmansk_Oblast), [Snezhnogorsk](/source/Snezhnogorsk%2C_Murmansk_Oblast), [Murmansk](/source/Murmansk), [Kola](/source/Kola_(town)), [Severomorsk](/source/Severomorsk), [Ostrovnoy](/source/Ostrovnoy%2C_Murmansk_Oblast) are all located on the Murman Coast.

The Murman Coast, excluding [Murmansk](/source/Murmansk), is a [Russian border security zone](/source/Border_Security_Zone_of_Russia), intended to protect the borders of the Russian Federation from unwanted activity. In order to visit the zone, a permit issued by the local [FSB](/source/Federal_Security_Service_(Russia)) department is required.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Приказ ФСБ РФ от 2 июня 2006 года N 240 "О пределах пограничной зоны на территории Мурманской области"|journal=[Rossiyskaya Gazeta](/source/Rossiyskaya_Gazeta)|volume=2006|url=http://www.mccme.ru/putevod/Border/border.html#51|language=Russian}}</ref>

==See also==
* [Bjarmaland](/source/Bjarmaland)
* [Kola Norwegians](/source/Kola_Norwegians)
* [Pomor trade](/source/Pomor_trade)
* [Russenorsk](/source/Russenorsk)
* [Ushkuyniks](/source/Ushkuyniks)
* [Viking expansion](/source/Viking_expansion)

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Murman Coast}}
* {{cite book|title=Мурманский берег|url=http://bse.sci-lib.com/article079121.html|publisher=[Great Soviet Encyclopedia](/source/Great_Soviet_Encyclopedia)}}

Category:Coasts of Russia
Category:Landforms of Murmansk Oblast
Category:Barents Sea
Category:History of Murmansk Oblast
Category:History of the Arctic
Category:Pomors
Category:Sámi history
Category:Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)
Category:Medieval history of Norway
Category:Medieval history of Russia
Category:Norway–Russia relations
Category:Sámi in Russia

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Murman Coast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murman_Coast) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murman_Coast?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.