# Muhammad Mustafa Mero

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Prime minister of Syria (2000–2003)

Muhammad Mustafa Mero محمد مصطفى ميرو‎ Prime Minister of Syria In office 7 March 2000 – 10 September 2003 President Hafez al-Assad Abdul Halim Khaddam (interim) Bashar al-Assad Deputy Mohammad Al Hussein Muhammad Naji al-Otari Mustafa Tlass Farouk al-Sharaa Preceded by Mahmoud Zuabi Succeeded by Muhammad Naji al-Otari Governor of Aleppo Governorate In office 26 December 1993 – 12 March 2000 President Hafez al-Assad Preceded by Mohamed Mawaldi Succeeded by Salah Kanaj Member of the Regional Command of the Syrian Regional Branch In office 21 June 2000 – 9 June 2005 Personal details Born 1941 (1941) Al-Tall, First Syrian Republic Died 22 December 2020(2020-12-22) (aged 78–79) Al Tall, Syrian Arab Republic Party Ba'ath Party Other political affiliations National Progressive Front Alma mater Damascus University Moscow State University Cabinet Mero I Mero II

**Muhammad Mustafa Mero** ([Arabic](/source/Arabic_language): محمد مصطفى ميرو, [romanized](/source/Romanization_of_Arabic): *Muḥammad Muṣṭafā Mīrū*;‎ 1941 – 22 December 2020)[1] was a Syrian politician who served as [Prime Minister of Syria](/source/Prime_Minister_of_Syria) from 7 March 2000 to 10 September 2003.

## Early life and education

Mero was born into a [Sunni](/source/Sunni) rural family in [al-Tall](/source/Al-Tall%2C_Syria) in the outskirts of [Damascus](/source/Damascus) in 1941.[2][3][4][5] He attended [Damascus University](/source/Damascus_University).[2] Later he acquired a PhD in Arabic language and literature from the [University of Moscow](/source/University_of_Moscow).[5][a]

## Career

Mero became a member of the [Ba'ath Party](/source/Ba'ath_Party_(Syrian-dominated_faction)) in 1966.[5] He joined the Arab Teachers' Union, becoming its secretary general for cultural affairs and publications. He served as governor of [the Daraa province](/source/Daraa_Governorate) from 1980 to 1986.[5] He was appointed governor of [the Al Hasakah province](/source/Al-Hasakah_Governorate) in 1986 and served in the post until 1993.[5] In 1993, he became governor of the [Aleppo province](/source/Aleppo_Governorate) and was in office until 2000.[5][6] Despite regional tensions between Syria and Turkey at the time, he was said to have enjoyed good relations with the Turkish government and was integral in dealings between the two governments.[7] In June 2000, he became a leading figure in the [Ba'ath party](/source/Ba'ath_Party_(Syria)).[2]

On 7 March 2000, shortly before the death of President [Hafez al-Assad](/source/Hafez_al-Assad), Mero was appointed as prime minister,[8][9] replacing [Mahmoud Zuabi](/source/Mahmoud_Zuabi), who had been in office since 1987.[10] Mero's cabinet was announced on 13 March 2000, and was tasked with tackling economic reforms and combatting corruption.[11] After the death of Assad in 2000, he was one of a nine-member committee that oversaw the transition period.[12]

He was retained by the new president, [Bashar al-Assad](/source/Bashar_al-Assad), and was promoted within the ranks of the ruling Ba'ath Party. Mero headed a ministerial and commercial delegation to neighboring Iraq in August 2001, becoming the first Syrian prime minister to visit the country since the [Gulf War](/source/Gulf_War).[11] In December 2001, in an effort to stimulate economic reform, Mero was charged with forming a [new cabinet](/source/Second_Mustafa_Mero_government),[7] which saw extensive reorganization with several "pro-reform" ministers appointed to strategic portfolios related to the economy.[11] His premiership also oversaw improving ties with Turkey. In July 2003, Mero became the first Syrian prime minister to visit Turkey in 17 years, where he signed three agreements on health, oil and natural gas, and customs matters.[13]

Mero resigned from office in early September 2003, reportedly due to the stagnation of the process of economic reform.[11] Parliament speaker [Mohammed Naji Al Otari](/source/Mohammed_Naji_al-Otari) replaced him as prime minister.[8] Mero continued his political career as a member of the central committee of the Ba'ath Party.[14] His term ended in June 2005, and he retired from politics.[15]

## Death

Mero died from [COVID-19](/source/COVID-19) in Al-Tall, on 22 December 2020, during the [COVID-19 pandemic in Syria](/source/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Syria). He was 79 years old.[1]

## See also

- [Second Mustafa Mero government](/source/Second_Mustafa_Mero_government)

## Notes

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** Some sources report that he gained his PhD from the [Yerevan State University](/source/Yerevan_State_University).[1]

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-orient_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-orient_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-orient_1-2) ["وفاة آخر رئيس وزراء في عهد حافظ أسد بفيروس كورونا"](https://orient-news.net/ar/news_show/186856/0/%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D8%A2%D8%AE%D8%B1-%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3-%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%AF-%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8-%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%AF-%D8%A8%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3-%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7). *Orient News* (in Arabic). 22 December 2020. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210115065955/https://orient-news.net/ar/news_show/186856/0/%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D8%A2%D8%AE%D8%B1-%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3-%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%AF-%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8-%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%AF-%D8%A8%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3-%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7) from the original on 15 January 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2020.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-ara12dec_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-ara12dec_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-ara12dec_2-2) ["On the new Syrian government"](https://web.archive.org/web/20081012182845/http://www.arabicnews.com/ansub/Daily/Day/011211/2001121119.html). *Arabic News*. 12 December 2001. Archived from [the original](http://www.arabicnews.com/ansub/Daily/Day/011211/2001121119.html) on 12 October 2008. Retrieved 24 February 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-vic24apr_3-0)** ["Syria Primer"](https://web.archive.org/web/20130222094228/http://merln.ndu.edu/merln/mipal/SyriaPrimer24apr03.pdf) (PDF). Virtual Information Center. 24 April 2003. Archived from [the original](http://merln.ndu.edu/merln/mipal/SyriaPrimer24apr03.pdf) (PDF) on 22 February 2013. Retrieved 2 March 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Robert G. Rabil (2006). [*Syria, The United States, and the War on Terror in the Middle East*](https://books.google.com/books?id=M18Jj0bMMl0C&pg=PA31). Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 31. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-275-99015-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-99015-2). Retrieved 15 March 2013.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-zis_5-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-zis_5-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-zis_5-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-zis_5-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-zis_5-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-zis_5-5) Zisser, Eyal (September 2000). ["Will Bashshar al-Asad Rule?"](http://www.meforum.org/69/will-bashshar-al-asad-rule). *The Middle East Quarterly*. **VII** (3): 3–12. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20191130105922/https://www.meforum.org/69/will-bashshar-al-asad-rule) from the original on 30 November 2019. Retrieved 14 August 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** ["Syria: A commitment to change"](https://web.archive.org/web/20150203205412/http://www.euromoney.com/Article/1003691/A-commitment-to-change.html?Type=Article&ArticleID=1003691). *Euromoney*. July 2001. Archived from [the original](http://www.euromoney.com/Article/1003691/A-commitment-to-change.html?Type=Article&ArticleID=1003691) on 3 February 2015. Retrieved 10 February 2013.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-East_8-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-East_8-1) East, Roger; Thomas, Richard (2003). [*Profiles of People in Power: The World's Government Leaders*](https://books.google.com/books?id=Mz-fXRsedPMC&q=Mustafa+Miro&pg=PA505). Routledge. p. 505. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [1-85743-126-X](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85743-126-X).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-bbc03_9-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-bbc03_9-1) ["Syria appoints new prime minister"](http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3096478.stm). *BBC*. 10 September 2003. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180804201300/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3096478.stm) from the original on 4 August 2018. Retrieved 10 February 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Publications2012_10-0)** [*Political Chronology of the Middle East*](https://books.google.com/books?id=eCSOT0_JAnwC&pg=PA2038). Routledge. 12 October 2012. p. 2038. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-135-35673-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-35673-6). Retrieved 10 February 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Eur2003_11-0)** [*The Middle East and North Africa 2003*](https://archive.org/details/middleeastnortha50thunse). Europa Publications. 2003. pp. [1019](https://archive.org/details/middleeastnortha50thunse/page/1019). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-85743-132-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85743-132-2). Retrieved 15 March 2013.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Taylor_12-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Taylor_12-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Taylor_12-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-Taylor_12-3) [*Europa World Year Book 2*](https://books.google.com/books?id=gP_-8rXzQs8C&q=%22Mero%22&pg=PA4056). Taylor & Francis. 2004. pp. 4057–4061. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [1-85743-255-X](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85743-255-X).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** ["Bashar Aims to Consolidate Power in the Short-Term and to Open up Gradually"](http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Syria%3a+Bashar+Aims+To+Consolidate+Power+In+The+Short-Term+%26+To+Open...-a073738730). *APS Diplomat News Service*. 19 June 2000. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190610225825/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Syria%3A+Bashar+Aims+To+Consolidate+Power+In+The+Short-Term+%26+To+Open...-a073738730) from the original on 10 June 2019. Retrieved 26 March 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** Bal, İdris (2004). [*Turkish Foreign Policy in Post Cold War Era*](https://books.google.com/books?id=vDzjkrTDKjYC&q=Mustafa+Miro&pg=PA369). Universal Publishers. p. 369. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [1-58112-423-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58112-423-6).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** Moubayed, Sami (1 June 2005). ["The faint smell of jasmine"](https://web.archive.org/web/20130325171127/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2005/744/re3.htm). *Al Ahram Weekly*. **744**. Archived from [the original](http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2005/744/re3.htm) on 25 March 2013. Retrieved 2 March 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-16)** Moubayed, Sami (July 2005). ["Syria: Reform or Repair?"](http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/Full_Issue3.pdf) (PDF). *Arab Reform Bulletin*. **3** (6). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160304081908/http://carnegieendowment.org/files/Full_Issue3.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 8 March 2013.

v t e Prime ministers of Syria (list) Arab Kingdom of Syria (1920) Arab Kingdom of Syria al-Rikabi H. al-Atassi* al-Droubi al-Ulshi French mandate (1920–1930) French mandate H. al-Azm* Barakat al-Hasani* Nami al-Hasani First Syrian Republic (1930–1950) First Syrian Republic al-Hasani Solomiac* H. al-Azm al-Hasani A. al-Ayyubi Mardam al-Haffar al-Bukhari B. al-Khatib* K. al-Azm al-Hakim H. al-Barazi al-Ulshi A. al-Ayyubi al-Jabiri al-Khoury al-Jabiri K. al-Azm* Mardam K. al-Azm al-Za'im M. al-Barazi H. al-Atassi al-Qudsi K. al-Azm al-Qudsi Second Syrian Republic (1950–1958) Second Syrian Republic al-Qudsi K. al-Azm al-Hakim Z. al-Khatib* al-Dawalibi Selu al-Asali al-Ghazzi al-Khoury al-Asali al-Ghazzi al-Asali United Arab Republic (1958–1961) United Arab Republic Kahala Sarraj Second Syrian Republic (1961–1963) Second Syrian Republic al-Kuzbari al-Nuss al-Dawalibi al-Azma K. al-Azm Ba'athist Syria (1963–2024) Ba'athist Syria K. al-Azm al-Bitar al-Jundi* al-Bitar al-Hafiz al-Bitar al-Hafiz Zuayyin al-Bitar Zuayyin N. al-Atassi al-Assad Khleifawi M. al-Ayyubi Khleifawi al-Halabi al-Kasm Al-Zoubi Mero al-Otari Safar Hijab Ghalawanji* al-Halqi Khamis Arnous al-Jalali Syrian Arab Republic (Transitional period) (2024–2025) Transitional period al-Jalali* al-Bashir * acting

v t e Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party Iraqi-dominated faction Syrian-dominated faction History Predecessors Arab Ba'ath Arab Ba'ath Movement Arab Socialist Movement Syrian Committee to Help Iraq Founders Michel Aflaq Salah al-Din al-Bitar Pre-split 1954 Syrian coup d'état 14 July Revolution 1959 Mosul uprising Attempted assassination of Abdul-Karim Qasim 1961 Syrian coup d'état Ramadan Revolution 1963 Syrian coup d'état Ba'athist Syria Politics National Council for the Revolutionary Command Ar-Rashid revolt November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état 1964 Hama riot 1966 Syrian coup d'état Post-split 17 July Revolution Ba'athist Iraq Revolutionary Command Council Members Arab Belt Corrective Revolution Corrective Movement Union of Arab Republics Ba'athist Arabization campaigns in northern Iraq 1979 Ba'ath Party Purge Assadist–Saddamist conflict 1984 Syrian coup attempt 8th Regional Congress of the Syrian Ba'ath Party Faith Campaign Iraqi conflict De-Ba'athification in Iraq Ba'ath Party archives Syrian civil war Fall of the Assad regime Leadership General Secretaries Pre-split Michel Aflaq Munif Razzaz Iraqi-dominated faction Michel Aflaq Saddam Hussein Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri Salah Al-Mukhtar* Syrian-dominated faction Nureddin al-Atassi Hafez al-Assad Abdullah al-Ahmar (de facto) Bashar al-Assad Regional Secretaries Iraq Fuad al-Rikabi Talib El-Shibib Ali Salih al-Sa'di Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr Saddam Hussein Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed* Jordan Abdullah Rimawi Munif Razzaz Akram al-Homsi* Lebanon Assem Qanso Abd al-Majid al-Rafei Palestine Isam al-Qadi Rakad Salem* Syria Hammud al-Shufi Shibli al-Aysami Amin al-Hafiz Nureddin al-Atassi Hafez al-Assad Bashar al-Assad Members of the National Command Hadiya Khalaf Abbas Michel Aflaq Abdullah al-Ahmar Zaki al-Arsuzi Bashar al-Assad Hafez al-Assad Nureddin al-Atassi Mansur al-Atrash Shibli al-Aysami Ali Abdullah Ayyoub Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr Salah al-Din al-Bitar Elias Farah Hakem Al-Fayez Wahib al-Ghanim Amin al-Hafiz Akram al-Hourani Salah Jadid Zuheir Mohsen Munif Razzaz Fuad al-Rikabi Abdullah Rimawi Ali Salih al-Sa'di Talib El-Shibib Khaled Yashruti Members of the Regional Commands Iraq Humam Abd al-Khaliq Abd al-Ghafur Ghanim Abdul-Jalil Saad Abdul-Majid Jamal Mustafa Abdullah Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed Salah Omar al-Ali Huda Salih Mahdi Ammash Salih Mahdi Ammash Hussein Al-Awadi Tariq Aziz Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr Adil Abdullah Mahdi Al-Douri Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri Saadoun Ghaidan Fadil Mahmud Gharib Mizban Khadr al-Hadi Sa'dun Hammadi Qusay Hussein Saddam Hussein Latif Nassif Jassim Rashid Taan Kazim Adnan Khayr Allah Ali Hassan al-Majid Muhyi Abdul-Hussein Mashhadi Samir Abdul Aziz al-Najim Aziz Saleh Al-Numan Ghazi Hamoud Al-Obaidi Taha Yassin Ramadan Fawzi Mutlaq al-Rawi Rashid al-Rifai Fuad al-Rikabi Ali Salih al-Sa'di Abd Al-Baqi Abd Karim Al-Sadun Muhammad Zimam al-Sadun Abdul Khaliq al-Samarra'i Abdullah Sallum al-Samarra'i Talib El-Shibib Nayef Shindakh Thamer Khamis Sirhan Hardan al-Tikriti Yahya Abdallah al-Ubaydi Tahir Yahya Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi Ibrahim Hesqel Lebanon Musa Shuaib Syria Hadiya Khalaf Abbas Abdullah al-Ahmar Hussein Arnous Bashar al-Assad Hafez al-Assad Maher al-Assad Rifaat al-Assad Nureddin al-Atassi Shibli al-Aysami Ali Abdullah Ayyoub Mahmoud al-Ayyubi Mohammed Saeed Bekheitan Muhsen Bilal Mahdi Dakhlallah Ahmad Diyab Ali Duba Fahd Jassem al-Freij Marwan Habash Ibrahim al-Hadid Amin al-Hafiz Muhammad Ali al-Halabi Wael Nader al-Halqi Adnan Badr Hassan Salim Hatum Hilal Hilal Mohammad al-Hussein Hisham Ikhtiyar Salah Jadid Abdul-Karim al-Jundi Sami al-Jundi Abdul Rauf al-Kasm Abdul Halim Khaddam Imad Khamis Ahmad al-Khatib Abdul Rahman Khleifawi Mohammad Jihad al-Laham Ibrahim Makhous Zuhair Masharqa Muhammad Mustafa Mero Muhammad Naji al-Otari Abdul Qadir Qaddura Hammouda Sabbagh Farouk al-Sharaa Hikmat al-Shihabi Hammud al-Shufi Mustafa Tlass Hasan Turkmani Muhammad Umran Salim Yasin Mahmoud Al-Zoubi Yusuf Zuayyin Yemen Ali Ahmad Nasser al-Dhahab Heads of state Iraq Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr Saddam Hussein Syria Amin al-Hafiz Nureddin al-Atassi Ahmad al-Khatib Hafez al-Assad Presidency Abdul Halim Khaddam (interim) Bashar al-Assad Presidency Heads of government Iraq Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr Saddam Hussein Sa'dun Hammadi Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi Ahmad Husayn Khudayir as-Samarrai Syria Salah al-Din al-Bitar Amin al-Hafiz Yusuf Zuayyin Nureddin al-Atassi Hafez al-Assad Abdul Rahman Khleifawi Mahmoud al-Ayyubi Muhammad Ali al-Halabi Abdul Rauf al-Kasm Mahmoud Al-Zoubi Muhammad Mustafa Mero Muhammad Naji al-Otari Adel Safar Riyad Farid Hijab Wael Nader al-Halqi Imad Khamis Hussein Arnous Mohammad Ghazi al-Jalali * = incumbent Organization Regional branches Iraqi-dominated faction Algeria Bahrain Egypt Iraq Regional Command Jordan Lebanon Libya Mauritania Palestine Sudan Tunisia Yemen Syrian-dominated faction Jordan Lebanon Mauritania Palestine Yemen Sudan Syria Central Command History National Security Bureau Yemen Committees Control and Inspection Committee Military Committee Newspapers Al-Ba'ath Sawt al-Jamahir Al-Thawra Al-Souria Popular fronts National Progressive Front (Iraq) National Progressive Front (Syria) Wings Paramilitary Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order Ba'ath Brigades Fedayeen Saddam General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries Jaysh Muhammad al-Fatih National Defense Battalions National Defence Forces Popular Army Popular Resistance of the Eastern Region Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation Syrian Popular Resistance Others General Federation of Trade Unions General Union of Peasants National Union of Syrian Students Revolutionary Youth Union Associated organizations Armed groups Al-Abud Network Free Iraqi Army Rejectionists Snake Party Breakaway groups Arab Revolutionary Workers Party Arab Socialist Movement Damascus branch Arab Socialist Revolutionary Ba'ath Party Arabic Toilers' Movement Al-Awda Arab Democratic Socialist Ba'ath Party Palestinian Arab Front Socialist Lebanon Sudanese Ba'ath Party Political alliances Current Alliance of Palestinian Forces Forces of Freedom and Change March 8 Alliance National Consensus Forces National Democratic Alliance Palestine Liberation Organization Palestinian National and Islamic Forces Former Ahd Bloc Front of Patriotic and National Parties Lebanese National Movement Lebanese National Resistance Front National Alliance for the Liberation of Syria National Union Front Palestinian National Alliance Palestinian National Salvation Front Rejectionist Front Political parties Arab Socialist Union Party Arab Democratic Union Party Democratic Socialist Unionist Party Kurdistan Revolutionary Party Libyan National Movement National Covenant Party Popular Unity Party Sawab Social Democratic Unionists Socialist Unionist Party Syrian Communist Party Bakdash Unified Syrian Social Nationalist Party Intifada Wing in Lebanon Miscellaneous Ideology Anti-imperialism Anti-Zionism Arab nationalism Arab socialism Assadism Ba'athism Left-wing populism Neo-Ba'athism Pan-Arabism Progressivism Republicanism Revolutionary socialism Romantic nationalism Saddamism Secularism Socialism Ta'addudiyya Vanguardism Literature The Battle for One Destiny On the Way of Resurrection Symbolism Arḍulfurātayni Pan-Arab colors Waḥda, Ḥurriyya, Ishtirākiyya

Authority control databases International VIAF National United States

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