# Mshak

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{{Infobox Magazine
| title           = Mshak<br>Մշակ
| image_file      =Mshak Logo.svg
| image_size      = 
| image_alt       = 
| image_caption   = 
| editor          = 
| editor_title    = 
| previous_editor = [Grigor Artsruni](/source/Grigor_Artsruni) (founder)
| staff_writer    = 
| frequency       = daily
| circulation     = 
| category        = 
| company         = 
| publisher       = 
| firstdate       = 1872
| country         = Russian Empire
| based           = [Tiflis](/source/Tiflis), [Tiflis Governorate](/source/Tiflis_Governorate)
| language        = [Armenian](/source/Armenian_language)
| website         = 
| issn            = 
}}

'''''Mshak''''' ({{langx|hy|Մշակ}} meaning ''The Toiler'') was an [Armenian language](/source/Armenian_language) literary and political [daily newspaper](/source/daily_newspaper) ([weekly](/source/Weekly_newspaper) when established) published from 1872–1920<ref>The Free Dictionary: [http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/%20Mshak Mshak]</ref> in [Tiflis](/source/Tiflis), [Russian Empire](/source/Russian_Empire) (now [Tbilisi](/source/Tbilisi), [Georgia](/source/Georgia_(country))).
It was founded by [Grigor Artsruni](/source/Grigor_Artsruni). 

''Mshak'' was famous particularly for its serialization of notable Armenian literary works, such as ''[Jalaleddin](/source/Jalaleddin_(novella))''. ''Mshak'' was also known for its publication of liberal ideas, promoting the creation of a united Armenian state inside the [Russia](/source/Russian_Empire).<ref>{{in lang|hy}} [http://www.findarmenia.com/arm/history/25/505/506 Հայաստանը XX դարի սկզբին→ Մամուլ: Գրականություն→ Մամուլ]</ref> In 1921, after the [Soviet invasion of Georgia](/source/Soviet_invasion_of_Georgia), ''Mshak'', along with other anti-Bolshevik media, was closed.<ref>{{in lang|hy}} [http://www.encyclopedia.am/pages.php?bId=2&hId=1468 Մշակ]</ref><ref>Rouben Paul Adalian, ''Historical Dictionary of Armenia'', 2010, [https://books.google.com/books?id=QS-vSjHObOYC&dq=mshak+tbilisi&pg=PA111 p. 111]</ref>

== Editors ==

The following is the list of the editors of ''Mshak'':<ref>{{in lang|hy}} [http://www.ysu.am/oldpress/?p=319 Մշակ, Թիֆլիս, 1872- 1921]</ref><ref>{{in lang|hy}} [https://arar.sci.am//dlibra/metadatasearch?action=AdvancedSearchAction&type=-3&val1=JournalorPublication:%22%D5%84%D5%87%D4%B1%D4%BF%22 «Մշակ» լրագրի հրապարակախոսությունը 1905-1921 թթ.]</ref>
{| 
! Editor
! Years
|-
| [Grigor Artsruni](/source/Grigor_Artsruni) (founder)
| 1872–1892
|-
| Aleksandr Kalantar
| 1893–1913<ref>{{in lang|hy}} [http://hy.wikisource.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%BB:%D4%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D4%B5%D4%BC%D4%BA_%D5%B09.djvu/700 Թումանյանի ԵԼԺ]</ref> 
|-
| [Hambardzum Arakelian](/source/Hambardzum_Arakelian)
| 1913–1918
|-
| Arshak Mkhitaryan 
|
|-
| Hovhannes Stepanyan 
|
|-
| Levon Kalantar
| 
|-
| [Arakel Babakhanian](/source/Arakel_Babakhanian) (Leo)
| 1918–1920
|-
|}

== See also ==
*[Armenians in Tbilisi](/source/Armenians_in_Tbilisi)
*[Armenian literature](/source/Armenian_literature)

==References==
{{reflist}}

Category:Newspapers published in the Russian Empire
Category:Newspapers established in 1872
Category:Armenian-language newspapers
Category:Mass media in Tbilisi
Category:1872 establishments in the Russian Empire

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Mshak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mshak) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mshak?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.