# Mount Longdon

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> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Longdon
> Source revision: 1355829203
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{{Short description|Mountain in East Falkland, Falkland Islands}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox mountain
| name = Mount Longdon
| image = File:FM Model 1968 105mm recoilless gun (51066493502).jpg
| image_caption = 
| elevation =  186 m (610 ft)
| elevation_ref = <ref>{{cite web | url=https://mapper.acme.com/?ll=-51.670827,-57.981927&z=12&t=T&marker0=-51.670827,-57.981927,Mount%20Longdon|title=ACME mapper | author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |year=2024 |publisher= ACME mapper|access-date=11 October 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |date=1969 |title=Carta H-411, Isla Soledad (esc. 1:200.000 - 76 cm x 110 cm) |publisher=Depositado por la [Argentina](/source/Argentina) en la [Organización de las Naciones Unidas](/source/Organizaci%C3%B3n_de_las_Naciones_Unidas) |format=Mapa con toponimia en castellano |location=[Buenos Aires](/source/Buenos_Aires) |editor=Servicio de Hidrografía Naval|url=http://www.un.org/Depts/los/LEGISLATIONANDTREATIES/PDFFILES/MAPS/arg_mzn10_1996_00034.jpg}}</ref>
| prominence = 97 m (318 ft)
| prominence_ref =  <ref>{{cite web | url=https://peakvisor.com/peak/mount-longdon.html?yaw=145.12&pitch=-0.69&hfov=53.37|title=Peak Visor | author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |year=2024 |publisher= Peak Visor|access-date=14 October 2024}}</ref>
| isolation = 2 km (1.2 miles)<ref>https://wikimapia.org/8487348/Mount-Longdon</ref>
| map = Falkland Islands
| map_caption = 
| label_position = left
| location = [East Falkland](/source/East_Falkland), [Falkland Islands](/source/Falkland_Islands), south [Atlantic Ocean](/source/Atlantic_Ocean)
| range = 
| coordinates = {{Coord|51|40|15|S|57|58|55|W|type:mountain_region:FK|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_ref = 
| topo = 
| type = 
| age = 
| last_eruption = 
| first_ascent = 
| easiest_route =
}}
'''Mount Longdon''' is a hill located in the east of [East Falkland](/source/East_Falkland) island forming part of the [Falkland Islands](/source/Falkland_Islands) Archipelago.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Falkland Islands, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands| author=Alan Edwin Day|page=232| publisher=Clio Press|year= 1996}}</ref><ref>Toponymic information is based on the Geographic Names Database, containing official standard names approved by the United States Board on Geographic Names and maintained by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. More information is available at the Resources link at www.nga.mil. The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency name, initials, and seal are protected by 10 United States Code § Section 425.
</ref> It has an elevation of 186 metres (610 ft) above sea level. It is the highest land in any direction for 2 kilometres (1.2 miles).<ref name="Isolation">{{Cite web|url=https://mapper.acme.com/?ll=-51.670827,-57.981927&z=12&t=T&marker0=-51.670827,-57.981927,Mount%20Longdon|title=Isolation for Mount Longdon - ACME mapper}}</ref>{{efn|This is the distance to the mountain [Tumbledown](/source/Battle_of_mount_tumbledown) south of Mount Longdon.}} 
It is known as the site of the [Battle of Mount Longdon](/source/Battle_of_Mount_Longdon), and overlooks [Stanley](/source/Stanley%2C_Falkland_Islands), the capital of the Falkland Islands.

== Geography ==
left|thumb|Mount Longdon, along with other hills in the local vicinityMount Longdon forms part of a hilly  area in the East of the East Falkland Island.<ref>Middlebrook, Martin. The Falklands War. London: Penguin Books, 1989</ref>

=== Geology ===
Mount Longdon and the surrounding area primarily consists of sedimentary rocks with formations of sandstones, quartzites, and shales, which date back to the Paleozoic era.<ref>Stone, P., and Aldiss, D.T. The Geology of the Falkland Islands. British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, 2002.</ref>
=== Climate ===
thumb|alt=Koppen Climate Map of the Falkland Islands|400px
The Climate for Mount Longdon is extremely similar to Stanley and [RAF Mount Pleasant](/source/RAF_Mount_Pleasant) due to its proximity. Mount Longdon has a [maritime climate](/source/Oceanic_climate) in the polar, tundra zones, [Köppen](/source/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification) classification ''ET''.<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/place/downloads/maps/detailed/Detail_South_America_ClimateZone-Stckdbar.pdf
|title = Climate Zones: South America
|publisher = Socioeconomic Data and Applications (SEDAC), Earth Institute, [Columbia University](/source/Columbia_University)
|location = New York
|year = 2012
|accessdate = 8 June 2012}}</ref> The climate is very much influenced by the cool [South Atlantic](/source/Atlantic_Ocean) ocean and its northerly Patagonian current.  The oceanic climatic type is characterised by both low [season](/source/season)al and [diurnal temperature](/source/Diurnal_temperature_variation) ranges and no marked wet and dry season while in the sub-arctic zone the average monthly maximum temperature exceeds {{convert|10|C|F|0}} for no more than four months of the year and the average monthly minimum does not drop below {{convert|-3|C|F|0}}.
Mount Longdon's elevation, maritime location and topography frequently lead to cool conditions.{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}} 
{{Weather box
| location = [Stanley, Falkland Islands](/source/Stanley%2C_Falkland_Islands), 2m asl, 1929–1970
| collapsed = y
| metric first = y
| single line = y
| Jan record high C = 24.4
| Feb record high C = 23.3
| Mar record high C = 21.1
| Apr record high C = 17.2
| May record high C = 14.1
| Jun record high C = 10.6
| Jul record high C = 10.0
| Aug record high C = 11.1
| Sep record high C = 15.0
| Oct record high C = 17.8
| Nov record high C = 21.7
| Dec record high C = 21.7
| year record high C = 24.4
| Jan high C = 13.3
| Feb high C = 12.8
| Mar high C = 11.7
| Apr high C = 9.4
| May high C = 6.7
| Jun high C = 5.0
| Jul high C = 4.4
| Aug high C = 5.0
| Sep high C = 7.2
| Oct high C = 8.9
| Nov high C = 11.1
| Dec high C = 12.2
| year high C = 9.0
| Jan mean C = 9.5
| Feb mean C = 8.9
| Mar mean C = 8.1
| Apr mean C = 6.1
| May mean C = 3.9
| Jun mean C = 2.2
| Jul mean C = 1.9
| Aug mean C = 2.2
| Sep mean C = 3.9
| Oct mean C = 5.3
| Nov mean C = 7.0
| Dec mean C = 8.1
| year mean C = 5.6
| Jan low C = 5.6
| Feb low C = 5.0
| Mar low C = 4.4
| Apr low C = 2.8
| May low C = 1.1
| Jun low C = 0.0
| Jul low C = -0.6
| Aug low C = -0.6
| Sep low C = 0.6
| Oct low C = 1.7
| Nov low C = 2.8
| Dec low C = 3.9
| year low C = 2.2
| Jan record low C = −1.1
| Feb record low C = −1.1
| Mar record low C = −2.8
| Apr record low C = −6.1
| May record low C = −6.7
| Jun record low C = −11.1
| Jul record low C = -8.9
| Aug record low C = -11.1
| Sep record low C = −10.6
| Oct record low C = −5.6
| Nov record low C = −3.3
| Dec record low C = −1.7
| year record low C = −11.1
| Jan precipitation mm = 71
| Feb precipitation mm = 58
| Mar precipitation mm = 64
| Apr precipitation mm = 66
| May precipitation mm = 66
| Jun precipitation mm = 53
| Jul precipitation mm = 51
| Aug precipitation mm = 51
| Sep precipitation mm = 38
| Oct precipitation mm = 41
| Nov precipitation mm = 51
| Dec precipitation mm = 71
| year precipitation mm = 681
| unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 15
| Feb precipitation days = 12
| Mar precipitation days = 10
| Apr precipitation days = 11
| May precipitation days = 13
| Jun precipitation days = 11
| Jul precipitation days = 12
| Aug precipitation days = 9
| Sep precipitation days = 9
| Oct precipitation days = 7
| Nov precipitation days = 10
| Dec precipitation days = 14
| year precipitation days = 
| Jan humidity = 78
| Feb humidity = 79
| Mar humidity = 82
| Apr humidity = 86
| May humidity = 88
| Jun humidity = 89
| Jul humidity = 89
| Aug humidity = 87
| Sep humidity = 84
| Oct humidity = 80
| Nov humidity = 75
| Dec humidity = 77
| year humidity = 
| Jan sun = 198
| Feb sun = 161
| Mar sun = 169
| Apr sun = 115
| May sun = 77
| Jun sun = 57
| Jul sun = 69
| Aug sun = 90
| Sep sun = 128
| Oct sun = 189
| Nov sun = 200
| Dec sun = 198
| year sun = 
| source 1 = Globalbioclimatics/Salvador Rivas-Martínez<ref>{{cite web
  | url=http://www.globalbioclimatics.org/pdf/fa-stanl.pdf
  | title=Temp/Rain 1929–70
  | publisher=Globalbioclimatics
  | accessdate=10 December 2018|date=Apr 2012}}</ref>
| source 2 = DMI/Danish Meteorology Institute (sun, humidity, and precipitation days 1931–1960)<ref name=DMI>{{cite web | last1 = Cappelen | first1 = John | last2 = Jensen | first2 = Jens | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130427173827/http://www.dmi.dk/dmi/tr01-17.pdf | archivedate = April 27, 2013 | url = http://www.dmi.dk/dmi/tr01-17.pdf | work = Climate Data for Selected Stations (1931-1960) | title = FALKLANDSØERNE–Stanley | page = 87 | publisher = Danish Meteorological Institute | language = Danish | accessdate = 10 December 2018}}</ref>
| date = Apr2012
| source = 
}}

{{Weather box
| location = [Mount Pleasant EGYP](/source/RAF_Mount_Pleasant), [East Falkland](/source/East_Falkland), 74m asl, 1999–2019
| collapsed = y
| metric first = y
| single line = y
| Jan record high C = 26.0
| Feb record high C = 26.8
| Mar record high C = 25.5
| Apr record high C = 26.1
| May record high C = 17.8
| Jun record high C = 15.7
| Jul record high C = 12.3
| Aug record high C = 15.11
| Sep record high C = 22.2
| Oct record high C = 17.8
| Nov record high C = 21.7
| Dec record high C = 25.3
| year record high C = 26.8
| Jan high C = 16.8
| Feb high C = 15.9
| Mar high C = 14.6
| Apr high C = 10.9
| May high C = 8.1
| Jun high C = 5.9
| Jul high C = 5.4
| Aug high C = 6.6
| Sep high C = 8.8
| Oct high C = 11.7
| Nov high C = 13.5
| Dec high C = 15.4
| year high C = 11.1
| Jan low C = 6.2
| Feb low C = 6.1
| Mar low C = 5.1
| Apr low C = 3.3
| May low C = 1.6
| Jun low C = 0.4
| Jul low C = -0.3
| Aug low C = 0.3
| Sep low C = 1.0
| Oct low C = 2.2
| Nov low C = 3.4
| Dec low C = 5.0
| year low C = 2.9
| Jan record low C = −0.1
| Feb record low C = −0.8
| Mar record low C = −0.6
| Apr record low C = −2.8
| May record low C = −6.1
| Jun record low C = −10.1
| Jul record low C = -10.3
| Aug record low C = -6.5
| Sep record low C = −9.8
| Oct record low C = −3.1
| Nov record low C = −5.5
| Dec record low C = −1.5
| year record low C = −10.1
| unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
| source 1 = NCDC<ref>{{cite web
  | url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/
  | title=Temp/max/min/records
  | publisher=NOAA
  | accessdate=12 July 2020|date=Dec 2019}}</ref>
| source = 
}}
== History ==
The Battle of Mount Longdon was fought between the [British](/source/British_Empire) [3rd Battalion, Parachute Regiment](/source/3rd_Battalion%2C_Parachute_Regiment) and elements of the [Argentine](/source/Argentines) [7th Infantry Regiment](/source/7th_Infantry_Regiment_(Argentina)) on 11–12 June 1982, towards the end of the [Falklands War](/source/Falklands_War).<ref>Christian Jennings and Adrian Weale, Green-Eyed Boys: 3 Para and the Battle for Mount Longdon, p. 142, HarperCollins, 1996</ref><ref>Jon Cooksey, 3 PARA Mount Longdon: The Bloodiest Battle, p. 98, Pen & Sword Books Ltd</ref> It was one of three engagements in a [Brigade](/source/Brigade)-size operation that night, along with the [Battle of Mount Harriet](/source/Battle_of_Mount_Harriet) and the [Battle of Two Sisters](/source/Battle_of_Two_Sisters). A mixture of hand-to-hand fighting and ranged combat resulted in the British occupying this key position around the Argentine garrison at Port Stanley.<ref>Batallón 5: El Batallón de Infantería de Marina No. 5 en la Guerra de las Malvinas, Emilio Villarino,  Aller Atucha, 1992</ref> The battle ended in a British victory.{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}}

== Summit ==
At the summit of the hill now lies a memorial which today attracts some tourism to the area.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.falklandislands.com/things-to-do/mount-longdon-memorial-p676591 |title=Mount Longdon Memorial |author= |year=2024 |publisher=Falklands Islands Tourist Board |access-date=15 October 2024}}</ref>
== See also ==
{{portal|Mountains}}
* [Battle of Mount Longdon](/source/Battle_of_Mount_Longdon)
* [List of mountains of the Falkland Islands](/source/List_of_mountains_of_the_Falkland_Islands)

== External links == 
* [https://www.chartsandmaps.com/images/large/maps/Falkland_Islands_50k/15_LRG.jpg British Overseas Directorate 1961 Maps: Falkland Islands 1:50, 000 Topographic Map Sheet 15]
*[https://www.openstreetmap.org/search?query=mount%20longdon#map=13/-51.67309/-57.96739 OpenStreetMap]
*[https://geonames.nga.mil/geonames/GeographicNamesSearch/ Geonames | National Geospace Intelligence Agency | "Mount Longdon"]
== Footnotes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
;Notes
{{reflist}}
{{Falkland Islands topics}}
{{Mountains and hills of the Falkland Islands}}
Longdon

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Mount Longdon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Longdon) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Longdon?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.