# Motorcade
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{{short description|Procession of official vehicles, often VIP limousines}}
{{Globalise|2=United States|3=South Korea|date= June 2022}}
[[File:President George W. Bush's motorcade.jpg|thumb|right|Motorcade transporting U.S. President [George W. Bush](/source/George_W._Bush) in [Charlotte, North Carolina](/source/Charlotte%2C_North_Carolina)]]
[[File:Korea Presidential Inauguration 12.jpg|thumb|right|Motorcade transporting President [Park Geun-Hye](/source/Park_Geun-Hye) during her inauguration in [Seoul](/source/Seoul), 2013]]
A '''motorcade''', or '''autocade''', is a procession of [motor vehicle](/source/motor_vehicle)s, which can be used for ceremonial processions, [funerals](/source/Funeral) or demonstrations, or to provide security while transporting a [very important person](/source/very_important_person). The American presidential motorcade is an example of both and is a staple of public appearances by the president of the United States.
== Etymology ==
The term ''motorcade'' was coined by Lyle Abbot (in 1912 or 1913 when he was automobile editor of the ''Arizona Republican''), and is formed after ''[cavalcade](/source/cavalcade)'', playing off of the last syllable in that word. The original suffix in ''cavalcade'' is actually "-ade", and there is no "-cade" in either French or Latin. ''-cade'' has since become a [productive suffix](/source/productivity_(linguistics)) in English, leading to the alternative names ''carcade'', ''autocade'', and even ''Hoovercade'' (after [J. Edgar Hoover](/source/J._Edgar_Hoover)) as a suffix meaning "procession". [Eric Partridge](/source/Eric_Partridge) called the name a "monstrosity", and [Lancelot Hogben](/source/Lancelot_Hogben) considered the word to be a "counterfeit coinage".[{{cite book|title=Introduction to Modern English Word-formation|author=Valerie Adams|publisher=Longman|year=1973|pages=188–189}}][{{cite encyclopaedia|article=motorcade|encyclopedia=Movers and Shakers|author=John Ayto|title=Movers and Shakers: A Chronology of Words that Shaped Our Age|pages=[https://archive.org/details/moversshakerschr0000ayto/page/45 45]|publisher=Oxford University Press US|date=2006|isbn=9780198614524|url=https://archive.org/details/moversshakerschr0000ayto/page/45}}][{{cite book|title=American Language: An Inquiry Into the Development of English in the United States|author1=Henry Louis Mencken |author2=Raven Ioor McDavid |author3=David A. Maurer |name-list-style=amp |publisher=Knopf|year=1963|pages=222}}]
== Uses of motorcades ==
=== Funerals ===
{{see also|Funeral procession|State funeral}}
[[File:Reagan funeral procession down Constitution Avenue.jpg|thumb|Funeral motorcade for [Ronald Reagan](/source/Ronald_Reagan) in Washington, D.C.]]
A funeral cortege is a procession of mourners, most often in a motorcade of vehicles following a [hearse](/source/hearse).[{{cite book|publisher=Merriam-Webster|title=Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of Synonyms|year=1984|page=640|author=Gove, Philip B}}]
=== Protests and demonstrations ===
Motorcades can be used as protests and demonstrations.[{{cite book|title=Justice Without Violence|editor1=Paul Ernest Wehr|editor2=Paul Wehr|editor3=Heidi Burgess|editor4=Guy M. Burgess|author=Doug Bound|chapter=Nonviolent Direct Action and the Diffusion of Power|publisher=Lynne Rienner Publishers|year=1994|isbn=1-55587-465-7|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/justicewithoutvi0000unse}}] A large, organised, group of vehicles will travel a busy route at very slow speed in order to deliberately cause traffic disruption. This is a tactic most often associated with protest groups that have access to many large vehicles, such as truckers and farmers. An example is the [2005 UK protests against fuel prices](/source/Fuel_protests_in_the_United_Kingdom).[{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/oil/story/0,,1572106,00.html |title=Fuel protesters defy police as convoy crawl jams motorway |first=Steven |last=Morris |date=2005-09-17 |work=The Guardian |publisher=Guardian News and Media |access-date=2008-01-12}}] As part of the [Euromaidan](/source/Euromaidan) protests in Ukraine in November 2013—February 2014, the sub-movement that made use of car processions as the means of protest was called the [Automaidan](/source/Automaidan).
Russian people and their advocates support the 2022 Russian invasion organising motorcades in Germany,[[https://www.rbb24.de/politik/thema/Ukraine/beitraege/berlin-autokorso-russland-ukraine-krieg-z-symbol-ermittlung-demo.html Empörung über pro-russischen Autokorso durch Berlin]] Serbia[[https://www.rferl.org/a/serbia-ukraine-russia-right-wing-un-human-rights-council/31805557.html Pro-Russian Right-Wing Serbs Hold Another Demonstration In Belgrade ]] and Greece.[[https://greekreporter.com/2022/04/04/ukraine-greece-condemns-pro-russia-rally-athens/ Ukraine's Embassy in Greece Condemns Pro-Russia Rally in Athens]]
=== VIPs ===
{{further|Official state car}}
[[File:Putin motorcade in Pyongyang (2024).jpg|thumb|Motorcade transporting Russian President [Vladimir Putin](/source/Vladimir_Putin) in [Pyongyang](/source/Pyongyang), [North Korea](/source/North_Korea)]]
Motorcades can be used to transport a [very important person](/source/very_important_person), usually a political figure. Such a procession consists of several vehicles, usually accompanied by law enforcement support and additional protection to ensure the safety of the people in the motorcade. Motorcades for heads of government and heads of state can consist of dozens of vehicles, those being armoured cars, SUVs, and police motorcycles and cars leading the way and following.
====Traffic diversions====
Depending on the size of the motorcade and who it is carrying, routes may be completely blockaded from the general public. For security, this often occurs for motorcades for heads of state or government.
==President of the United States==
{{further|Presidential state car (United States)}}
thumb|President Obama's Motorcade in Madison, Wisconsin
The motorcade for the [President of the United States](/source/President_of_the_United_States) comprises forty to fifty vehicles; in addition to the president, the motorcade may carry his or her spouse or children, members of the press, security, [White House](/source/White_House) officials, and VIP guests. The major members travel in armored vehicles, typically [specially configured limousines](/source/Presidential_state_car). The motorcade contains several armored vehicles, a USSS Electronic Countermeasures Suburban, a [counter-assault team](/source/Secret_Service_Counter_Assault_Team), and [Secret Service](/source/United_States_Secret_Service) agents. When called for, a hazardous materials team precedes the motorcade on alert for potential hazards.
A police presence precedes the beginning of the presidential motorcade. These cars and motorcycles always drive ahead to clear the way and block traffic and also are in constant communication with the Secret Service.[{{cite news|url=http://www.slate.com/id/2154626/|title=What's in a presidential motorcade?|publisher=Slate.com|access-date=2008-05-20|date=November 29, 2006|author=Beam, Christopher}}]
The motorcade for the president is made up of two parts, the first being the "secure package".[{{cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9502E3D9173DF935A1575AC0A9659C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all|title=Driving; Fed Up With Traffic? Get Behind the Wheel in a Motorcade|access-date=2008-05-20|work=The New York Times|date=September 26, 2003|author=Selingo, Jefferey}}] In the event of an emergency, the secure package separates from the rest of the group.