# Moritz Leiffmann
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{{short description|German banker and art collector}}
thumb|{{center|Moritz Leiffmann}}
'''Moritz Leiffmann''' (2 February 1853 – 29 May 1921) was a German private banker, local politician, writer and art collector.
== Life ==
Born in [Unna](/source/Unna), Leiffmann was the son of a Jewish saddler in the [Westphalian](/source/Province_of_Westphalia) Unna. He experienced social advancement as an authorised signatory (until 1888) and as a personally liable partner (until 1921) of the Düsseldorf banking house ''[Bernhard Simons & Cie.](/source/Michael_Simons)''founded on 13 October 1881,[Gewerberegister III 16447, since 1942 {{Ill|Kurt Poensgen|de|lt=Poensgen, Marx & Co}}.] which participated intensively in the development of the industrial centres on the Rhine and Ruhr by financing industrial projects and companies. The development of the bank into an important financial institution is primarily regarded as Leiffmann's work.[Barbara Suchy: ''Düsseldorf''. In Ludger Heid, Julius H. Schoeps, Marina Sassenberg (ed.): ''Wegweiser durch das jüdische Rheinland''. Nicolaische Verlagsbuchhandlung Beuermann, Berlin 1992, {{ISBN|3-87584-385-1}}, {{p.|72}}] Through his involvement in the local politics of the city of Düsseldorf, where he served as a liberal city councillor, he contributed significantly to the economic and industrial development of the city, which became the "[Schreibtisch des Ruhrgebiets](/source/Schreibtisch_des_Ruhrgebiets)".[{{Ill|Hugo Weidenhaupt|de}}: ''Kleine Geschichte der Stadt Düsseldorf'', 9th edition, Triltsch Verlag, Düsseldorf 1983, {{p.|130}}.] From 1915 to 1918, he represented Düsseldorf in the provincial ''[Landtag](/source/Landtag)'' of the [Rhine Province](/source/Rhine_Province).[[http://docplayer.org/653334-Abgeordnete-der-rheinischen-provinziallandtage-1888-1933-nach-wohnorten.html ''Abgeordnete der Rheinischen Provinziallandtage 1888 1933 (after Wohnorten)''], website im portal ''docplayer.org'', retrieved 22 September 2021] Also as a promoter of social and artistic projects (for example, in 1899 as an initiator of the Goethe Festival in Düsseldorf,[ {{Ill|Georg von Rheinbaben|de}}, the public prosecutor Kretschmar and the theatre director {{Ill|Max Grube|de}}, who directed the event organised by the ''Rheinischer Goetheverein für Festspiele in Düsseldorf'' until 1909. – cf. Walter Cohen: ''Gemälde alter und neuer Meister aus dem Nachlass Geheimer Kommerzienrat M. Leiffmann und aus deutschem Museums- und Privatbesitz''. Bagel Verlag, Düsseldorf 1932, foreword ([http://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/flechtheim1932_11_12/0007?sid=268ef1c8d646b36cb501e4d18b3458a6 Numerized])] as a sponsor of the Düsseldorf [Mendelssohn](/source/Felix_Mendelssohn) monument erected in 1901,[Yvonne Wasserloos: ''Das Düsseldorfer Mendelssohn-Denkmal. Ort des Erinnerns und Bekennens.'' {{p.|6}}. [ PDF ]] as a member of the Board of Directors and Head of the Finance Committee for the ''Internationale Kunst- und Gartenbau-Ausstellung Düsseldorf 1904'' (among others in [Kunstpalast Düsseldorf](/source/Kunstpalast_(D%C3%BCsseldorf)))[[Heinrich Frauberger](/source/Heinrich_Frauberger): ''Internationale Kunst- und Große Gartenbau-Ausstellung Düsseldorf 1904''. Bagel, Düsseldorf 1905, {{p.|7}} ([http://digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de/ihd/content/pageview/1958746 Numerized])] and as donor of an inscription to the [Nail Men](/source/Nail_Men) erected in 1916 as a "war landmark" and the wooden sculpture ''{{Ill|Bergischer Löwe|de}}'' by [Johannes Knubel](/source/Johannes_Knubel),[[http://www.duesseldorf.de/stadtarchiv/stadtgeschichte/daten/erinnerungsdaten_2011.shtml ''Düsseldorf, Erinnerungsdaten für das Jahr 2011''], website im portal ''duesseldorf.de'', retrieved 22 September 2021] as a speaker and writer on economic and financial topics and as a poet and [librettist](/source/libretto) of some works by [Engelbert Humperdinck](/source/Engelbert_Humperdinck_(composer)).[[https://web.archive.org/web/20130630051405/http://www.recmusic.org/lieder/l/leiffmann/ ''Author: Moritz Leiffmann''], website in Portal ''recmusic.org'', retrieved 22 September 2021][[http://www.kammermusikfuehrer.de/werke/2849 ''Engelbert Humperdinck: Junge Lieder''], website in portal ''kammermusikfuehrer.de'', retrieved 22 September 2021] Unlike [Michael Simons](/source/Michael_Simons_(patron)) (1817–1895), his senior partner in the bank, who played a significant role in the [Synagogue community of Düsseldorf](/source/Jews_in_D%C3%BCsseldorf), Leiffmann - like many other representatives of the [upper middle class](/source/upper_middle_class) - moved away from his Jewish religious roots,[Barbara Suchy, {{p.|72}}] although he himself continued to belong to the Israelite religious community. Leiffmann married Fanny Kaiser (1859-1932). His children, including Martha Leiffmann, born in 1874, who married doctor Peter Janssen in 1904.[Born in 1874, Peter Janssen was the eldest son of the academy director [Johann Peter Theodor Janssen](/source/Johann_Peter_Theodor_Janssen). He became a renowned surgeon. As such, he founded the ''Golzheimer Klinik'',] married and gave birth to the later painter [Peter Janssen](/source/Peter_Janssen) in 1906, he was baptised Protestant. In 1910, he was awarded the title ''{{Ill|Kommerzienrat|de}}''.[''Leiffmann, Moritz.'' In [Franz Brümmer](/source/Franz_Br%C3%BCmmer) ''Lexikon der deutschen Dichter und Prosaisten vom Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts bis zur Gegenwart.'' Leipzig 1913, {{p.|219}}. ([http://www.deutschestextarchiv.de/book/view/bruemmer_lexikon04_1913?p=223 Numerized])]
=== Villa Leiffmann ===
At the turn of the century, the family gave up their rather modest domicile above the business premises of the banking house ''Bernhard Simons & Cie.'' (later B. Simons & Co.) in Düsseldorf city centre ([Blumenstraße](/source/Blumenstra%C3%9Fe_(D%C3%BCsseldorf)) 19[[http://adressbuecher.genealogy.net/entry/show/512412 ''Moritz Leiffmann Düsseldorf''], entry in ''Adreß-Buch der Oberbürgermeisterei Düsseldorf 1889'', retrieved on "adressbuecher.genealogy.net", 22 September 2021]) and moved into the stately "Villa Leiffmann", which was built in 1898 on the model of a [Florentine](/source/Florence) [Villa](/source/Villa) by the [eclecticist](/source/Eclecticism) Academy professor [Adolf Schill](/source/Adolf_Schill) and was built in the [Golzheim](/source/D%C3%BCsseldorf-Golzheim) district on a spacious site, between today's [Theodor Heuss-Bridge](/source/Theodor_Heuss_Bridge_(D%C3%BCsseldorf)), today's {{Ill|Nordpark Düsseldorf|de}}, {{Ill|Kaiserswerther Straße|de}} and the [Rhine](/source/Rhine).[[http://schaffendesvolk1937.de/das-ausstellungsgebiet-vor-der-erschliessung/vorhandene-bebauung-iii/ ''Die Bebauung auf dem späteren Ausstellungsgelände''], website im portal ''schaffendesvolk1937.de'', retrieved 22 September 2021 – see also: Stefanie Schäfers: ''Vom Werkbund zum Vierjahresplan. Die Ausstellung Schaffendes Volk, Düsseldorf 1937''. Quellen und Forschungen zur Geschichte des Niederrheins, Düsseldorfer Geschichtsverein (ed.), vol 4 (Beiträge der Forschungsstelle für Architekturgeschichte und Denkmalpflege der Bergischen Universität-Gesamthochschule Wuppertal, vol. XI), {{Ill|Droste Verlag|de}}, Düsseldorf 2001, {{ISBN|3-7700-3045-1}}][[http://schaffendesvolk1937.de/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/A327-Villa-Leiffmann-vom-Rhein-aus-Q-privat.jpg Foto der Villa Leiffmann, vom Rhein aus aufgenommen]][[http://schaffendesvolk1937.de/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/A326-Blick-über-den-Park-der-Villa-Leiffmann-Q-privat.jpg Foto Blick über den Park der Villa Leiffmann]] The palatial villa surrounded by a park with curved paths, facing the Rhine with an imposing {{Ill|Double tower façade|de|lt=double tower façade}},[Elke Janßen-Schnabel: ''Düsseldorf. Denkmalbereich "Siedlung Golzheim". Gutachten gem § 22 zum Denkmalwert gem. § 2 DSchG NW.'' Pulheim 2011, {{p.|2}}.] formed a "centre of glittering conviviality" until Leiffmann's death and was famous for its valuable furnishings, including a considerable art collection, which from November 1932, shortly after the death of Leiffmann's widow, was acquired by the gallerists [Alfred Flechtheim](/source/Alfred_Flechtheim), [Hugo Helbing](/source/Hugo_Helbing) and [Georg Paffrath](/source/Galerie_Paffrath) by public auction.[Walter Cohen: ''Gemälde alter und neuer Meister aus dem Nachlass Geheimer Kommerzienrat M. Leiffmann und aus deutschem Museums- und Privatbesitz''. Bagel Verlag, Düsseldorf 1932, Vorwort ([http://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/flechtheim1932_11_12/0007?sid=268ef1c8d646b36cb501e4d18b3458a6 Numerized])][[http://alfredflechtheim.com/handel/auktionen/ ''Kunsthändler der Avantgarde: Auktionen''], website ''alfredflechtheim.com'', retrieved 22 September 2021] A few years before her death, probably in the mid-1920s, Fanny Leiffmann had given her son-in-law, doctor Peter Janssen, a plot of her villa property on the Rotterdamer Straße 40[Rotterdamer Straße 40 E Janssen, Peter, Prof., Dr. med., Arzt, ''Adressbuch der Stadt Düsseldorf 1927'' ([https://digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de/ihd/periodical/pageview/8628328 uni-duesseldorf.de])] (during the National Socialist era {{Ill|Alte Garde|de}} Ufer 104,[Alte-Garde-Ufer 104 E Janssen, Peter, Prof., Dr. med., Arzt, ''Adressbuch der Stadt Düsseldorf 1939'' ([https://digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de/ihd/periodical/pageview/8584441?query=Alte-Garde-Ufer uni-duesseldorf.de])] today Rotterdamer Straße 65), where Janssen had his own residential building built in 1926 by the architect {{Ill|Josef Kleesattel|de}}, which is now a listed building. During the transformation of the north of Düsseldorf into the "Schlageter City", which the city and the [Gauleitung Düsseldorf](/source/Gau_D%C3%BCsseldorf) in the mid-1930s in the course of a personality cult around the Freikorp fighter [Albert Leo Schlageter](/source/Albert_Leo_Schlageter) and an ambitious urban development policy to expand the "Gauhauptstadt Düsseldorf", the city acquired the villa site from Leiffmann's heirs for a very low purchase price in order to incorporate it into the development of the [Reichsausstellung Schaffendes Volk](/source/Reichsausstellung_Schaffendes_Volk) and - within this urban development framework - into the construction of the national socialist model settlement called "Schlageter-Siedlung" (today "Siedlung Golzheim"); Villa Leiffmann, which had been vacant since 1932, was demolished in 1936 at the latest.[Stefanie Schäfers: ''Vom Werkbund zum Vierjahresplan. Die Ausstellung Schaffendes Volk, Düsseldorf 1937.'' (''Quellen und Forschungen zur Geschichte des Niederrheins'', vol. 4.) (''Beiträge der Forschungsstelle für Architekturgeschichte und Denkmalpflege der Bergischen Universität–Gesamthochschule Wuppertal'', vol. XI.) Droste Verlag, Düsseldorf 2001, {{ISBN|3-7700-3045-1}} ([http://schaffendesvolk1937.de/das-ausstellungsgebiet-vor-der-erschliessung/vorhandene-bebauung-iii/ schaffendesvolk1937.de])] A wrought-iron garden gate grille from the villa, which had been acquired by the writer [Herbert Eulenberg](/source/Herbert_Eulenberg), was reused at the entrance to his estate "Haus Freiheit" in Düsseldorf-Kaiserswerth.[Falk Wiesemann: ''Steiler Aufstieg ins Großbürgertum. Die Villa Leiffmann in Düsseldorf.'' In ''Kalonymos, Beiträge zur deutsch-jüdischen Geschichte aus dem Salomon Ludwig Steinheim-Institut'', 3. Jahrgang 2000, Extrablatt, {{p.|23}}. ([http://www.steinheim-institut.de/edocs/kalonymos/kalonymos_2000_x.pdf#page=23 PDF])]
=== Gravesite ===
Leiffmann died in Düsseldorf at age 68 and his wife was buried in the Jewish part of the [Düsseldorf Nordfriedhof](/source/Nordfriedhof_(D%C3%BCsseldorf)). The gravesite is marked by a simple tufa gravestone, probably designed by the sculptor [Leopold Fleischhacker](/source/Leopold_Fleischhacker).[Falk Wiesemann, {{p.|23}}]
== Publications ==
* ''Johannes. Idyll in Hexametern'', Versepos, 1878, 2nd edition, Leipzig 1879
* ''Gold-Silber-Papier. Eine Studie''. 3rd edition, Lintz, Düsseldorf 1893
* ''Trifolium''. Verlag Breitkopf & Härtel, Leipzig 1898 (lyrical poem, set to music by [Engelbert Humperdinck](/source/Engelbert_Humperdinck_(composer)), illustrated with symbolic drawings by {{Ill|Alexander Frenz|de}}; reviewed by [Hanns Heinz Ewers](/source/Hanns_Heinz_Ewers) in ''Der Kunstfreund'', February 1899, {{pp.|42 f}}.)
* ''Kräfte und Pflichten des deutschen Geldmarktes im Kriegsfalle. Ein Mahnruf''. Düsseldorf 1899
* ''Zu den Wundern Amerikas. Reisebeschreibung''. Schwann Verlag, Düsseldorf 1908
* ''Stellung und Aufgaben des Privatbankiers im heutigen Wirtschaftsleben''. Einleitender Vortrag zum 4. Allgemeinen Deutschen Bankiertag zu München am 17. September 1912, Verlag Strucken, Düsseldorf 1912;[{{DDB|Objekt|JQU66W3STI3RDIUOAYNKAG7RNOMWBZVM| ''Stellung und Aufgaben des Privatbankiers im heutigen Wirtschaftsleben'' (Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek)}}, retrieved 22 September 2021] ebenfalls in ''Verhandlungen des IV. Allgemeinen Deutschen Bankiertages zu München am 17. September 1912'', Berlin 1912, {{p.|51}} ([http://www.montan-wanderweg.at/dokumente/LeiffmannPrivatbankier.pdf PDF], [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb11124453?page=5 Numerized])
* ''Die Städte und der Krieg''. In ''Bank-Archiv'', 14, 8, {{pp.|134|136}}
* ''Die Aufgaben der Gemeinden im Kriegsfalle''. In Akademie für kommunale Verwaltung (ed.): ''Vorträge der Kommunalen Woche''. Düsseldorf 1914, {{pp.|106|112}} (Dieser Vortrag Leiffmanns, der zur finanziellen und sonstigen Vorsorge der Kommunen für einen Kriegsfall aufrief, fand im Juli 1914, kurz nach der [Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand](/source/Assassination_of_Archduke_Franz_Ferdinand) und kurz vor Ausbruch des Erster Weltkrieg, überregionale Beachtung.[[http://www.shz.de/nachrichten/deutschland-welt/panorama/kieler-woche-1914-der-kaiser-reist-ueberstuerzt-ab-id7021161.html Erich Maletzke: ''Kieler Woche 1914 – Der Kaiser reist überstürzt ab'']. Article from 1 July 2014 in ''shz.de'', retrieved 22 September 2021])
* ''Die feste Sicherung unserer Kriegsanleihen''. In ''Bank-Archiv'', 1917
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== Further reading ==
* Max Kruk: ''Bankiers in ihrer Zeit. Die Männer von B. Simons & Co.'' Schriftenreihe des Instituts für bankhistorische Forschung, Band 13, Fritz Knapp Verlag, Frankfurt 1989, {{ISBN|978-3-78190-417-0}}
== External links ==
* [http://www.montan-wanderweg.at/gewerken/moritzleiffmann_00.htm Christian Wolkersdorfer: ''Literatur von und über Moritz Leiffmann''], Webseite im Portal ''montan-wanderweg.at''
* [http://schaffendesvolk.sellerie.de/Fotoalbum_Schaffendes_Volk_1937/slides/052.html ''Abbildung der Villa Leiffmann''], website in portal ''schaffendesvolk.sellerie.de''
{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Leiffmann, Moritz}}
Category:1853 births
Category:1921 deaths
Category:19th-century art collectors
Category:20th-century German art collectors
Category:German bankers
Category:German city councillors
Category:Members of the Provincial Parliament of Rhine Province
Category:People from Unna
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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Moritz Leiffmann](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moritz_Leiffmann) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moritz_Leiffmann?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.