# Moorish Arch, Lima

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Moorish arch in Lima, Peru

Moorish Arch The arch in Leguía Avenue Interactive map of Moorish Arch Material Cement and majolica Height 29 metres Beginning date July 10, 1923 Completion date July 17, 1924 Dismantled date 1939

The **Moorish Arch** ([Spanish](/source/Spanish_language): *Arco Morisco*), also called the **Friendship Arch** ([Spanish](/source/Spanish_language): *Arco de la Amistad*) or **Spanish Arch**, was a [triumphal arch](/source/Triumphal_arch) installed at the beginning of Leguía Avenue (today [Arequipa Avenue](/source/Avenida_Arequipa)) in [Lima](/source/Lima), Peru. It was made in a [neo-Moorish](/source/Moorish_Revival_architecture) style, inaugurated in 1924 as part of the [Centennial of the Independence of Peru](/source/Centennial_of_the_Independence_of_Peru), and demolished in 1939.

## Overview

The arch was located on the first block of [Avenida Leguía](/source/Avenida_Legu%C3%ADa),[1] intersection with the [Avenida 28 de Julio](/source/Avenida_28_de_Julio_(Lima)), in the [Santa Beatriz](/source/Santa_Beatriz) neighbourhood; It had a height of 29 meters. It was made of [cement](/source/Cement) with [majolica](/source/Majolica) decorations in the shape of [stars and crescents](/source/Star_and_crescent), as well as two [minarets](/source/Minaret).[2]

## History

The arch, circa 1924.

In 1921, during the [second government](/source/History_of_Peru_(1919%E2%80%931930)) of [Augusto B. Leguía](/source/Augusto_B._Legu%C3%ADa), the [Centennial of the Independence of Peru](/source/Centennial_of_the_Independence_of_Peru) was celebrated and many colonies of foreign residents decided to grant gifts in the form of monuments to the Peruvian State. The gift of the [Spanish colony](/source/Spanish_Peruvians) was the *Friendship Arch*,[3][4][5] a Moorish-style construction whose author is unknown. The original plans, deposited in [Madrid](/source/Madrid), were lost due to the [Spanish Civil War](/source/Spanish_Civil_War).[2]

Construction began on its building on July 10, 1923, and it was delivered to the city of Lima on July 17, 1924.[6] The inauguration ceremony was lavish, with the presence of President Augusto B. Leguía, the mayor of Lima [Pedro Rada y Gamio](/source/Pedro_Rada_y_Gamio), [Gonzalo de Ojeda y Brooke](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gonzalo_de_Ojeda_y_Brooke&action=edit&redlink=1) [[es](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonzalo_de_Ojeda_y_Brooke)], as representative of the [Spanish government](/source/Spanish_government), and Arias Carraseno, representing the Spanish colony.[2]

In 1938, President [Óscar R. Benavides](/source/%C3%93scar_R._Benavides) and his Minister of Development, [Héctor Boza](/source/H%C3%A9ctor_Boza), ordered the demolition of the monument, alluding to traffic problems that it caused, and to widen [Arequipa Avenue](/source/Avenida_Arequipa). The destruction with dynamite the following year caused unrest in the Spanish community, and some even interpreted Benavides' order as an act of political revenge against former President Leguía.

At the end of 2015, the National Association of the [International Council on Monuments and Sites](/source/International_Council_on_Monuments_and_Sites) (ICOMOS) warned of the destruction of the footings of the remains of the Arch by the [Brazilian](/source/Brazil) construction company OAS, which was carrying out construction work on an overpass in the [July 28 Avenue](/source/Avenida_28_de_Julio_(Lima)). The lawsuit filed by ICOMOS also reached the [Municipality of Lima](/source/Municipality_of_Lima) and the [Ministry of Culture](/source/Ministry_of_Culture_(Peru)).[7][8][9]

### New Arch

The new arch in Surco.

[Carlos Dargent](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carlos_Dargent&action=edit&redlink=1) [[es](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Dargent)], a politician from Lima, carried out initiatives for its reconstruction in the original location on Arequipa Avenue when he was a councilor of the [Municipality of Lima](/source/Municipality_of_Lima). When his motion was rejected, he relocated his proposal to the exit of the [Vía Expresa](/source/V%C3%ADa_Expresa_Luis_Fern%C3%A1n_Bedoya_Reyes), then to the Higuereta roundabout. They offered to reinstall it on [Argentina Avenue](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Avenida_Argentina&action=edit&redlink=1) [[es](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avenida_Argentina_(Lima))], but he considered that it was not a good option. Years later, when he was mayor of the [Santiago de Surco](/source/Santiago_de_Surco) district, he was able to carry out the work, with the financing of various Spanish companies.[2]

On September 25, 2001, Mayor Dargent and the Spanish colony, with the presence of the [King](/source/Juan_Carlos_I) and [Queen](/source/Queen_Sof%C3%ADa_of_Spain) of [Spain](/source/Spain), inaugurated the new Friendship Arch, a faithful copy of its predecessor, located in the [María Graña Ottone Friendship Park](/source/Friendship_Park_(Lima)), in the intersection of [Alfredo Benavides](/source/Alfredo_Benavides_Avenue) and [Caminos del Inca](/source/Avenida_Caminos_del_Inca) avenues.[2][9][10]

## See also

- [Centennial of the Independence of Peru § Foreign gifts](/source/Centennial_of_the_Independence_of_Peru#Foreign_gifts)

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** Flores Ledesma, María (2011). ["Mármol y nación: monumentos urbanos en el centenario de la independencia del Perú 1921 (1921-1924)"](https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4794706). *TRIM: revista de investigación multidisciplinar* (3): 133–147. [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [2173-8947](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2173-8947).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-LR2001_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-LR2001_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-LR2001_2-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-LR2001_2-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-LR2001_2-4) ["El arco resurrecto"](https://larepublica.pe/archivo/326084-el-arco-resurrecto). *[La República](/source/La_Rep%C3%BAblica_(Peru))*. 2001-10-06.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** [Basadre Grohmann, Jorge](/source/Jorge_Basadre) (1998). [*Historia de la República del Perú (1822-1933)*](/source/Historia_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_del_Per%C3%BA) (in Spanish) (8th ed.). La República / Universidad Ricardo Palma. p. 2900.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Contreras, Carlos; Cueto, Marcos (2016). *Historia del Perú republicano* (in Spanish). Vol. Tomo 6: Oncenio de Leguía. La Patria Nueva y la crisis mundial (1919-1933). Lima: Editorial Septiembre. p. 15. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-612-308-174-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-612-308-174-4).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** *Historia visual del Perú* (in Spanish). Lima: [El Comercio](/source/El_Comercio_(Peru)). 2004. p. 192. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9972021203](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9972021203).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** Casalino Sen, Carlota (2017). [*Centenario: las celebraciones de la Independencia 1921-1924*](https://web.archive.org/web/20191113193121/http://www.biblioteca.munlima.gob.pe/images/munilibros/MUNILIBRO10.pdf) (PDF) (in Spanish). Lima: [Metropolitan Municipality of Lima](/source/Metropolitan_Municipality_of_Lima). pp. 58–59. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9789972726156](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789972726156). [OCLC](/source/OCLC_(identifier)) [1126541508](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1126541508). Archived from [the original](http://www.biblioteca.munlima.gob.pe/images/munilibros/MUNILIBRO10.pdf) (PDF) on 2019-11-13. Retrieved 2023-02-02.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** ["Bypass 28 de Julio: denuncian a OAS por demolición de restos de arco morisco"](https://www.americatv.com.pe/noticias/actualidad/bypass-28-julio-denuncian-demolicion-restos-arco-morisco-n204752). *[América Noticias](/source/Am%C3%A9rica_Noticias)*. 2015-11-01.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** Castro, Raúl (2015-11-04). ["'Bypaseando' el bicentenario"](https://elcomercio.pe/lima/bypaseando-bicentenario-raul-castro-238801-noticia/). *[El Comercio](/source/El_Comercio_(Peru))*.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-mathews_9-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-mathews_9-1) Mathews, Daniel (2015-11-27). ["La destrucción de los restos del Arco Morisco de la Avenida Arequipa"](https://mesaleespuma.lamula.pe/2015/11/27/un-arco-morisco-y-un-edificio-con-ojos/danielmathews/). *La Mula*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** [*Arco de la Amistad*](https://books.google.com/books?id=Y1jrAAAAMAAJ) (in Spanish). Municipalidad de Santiago de Surco. 2003.

v t e Lima landmarks Pre-Columbian buildings Huaca Huallamarca Huaca Pucllana Huaca Santa Catalina Pachacamac Puruchuco Colonial buildings Balconies of Lima Basilica and Convent of Nuestra Señora de la Merced Monument Plazoleta Basilica and Convent of San Francisco Catacombs Basilica and Convent of San Pedro Basilica of Santo Domingo Plazuela Casa de Aliaga Casa de Divorciadas Casa de Osambela Casa de Pilatos Casa del Oidor Casa Goyeneche Casa Hacienda Punchauca Casa Matusita Casa O'Higgins Casa Riva-Agüero Casona of the National University of San Marcos Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology Museum of Art Theatre Basilica Cathedral of Lima Sanctuary Cementerio Presbítero Matías Maestro Cripta de los Héroes Church of Jesus, Mary, and Joseph Church of Saint Catherine of Siena Church of Saint Lazarus Church of the Good Death Church of the Holy Christ of Wonders Church of the Orphans Church of Our Lady of Copacabana Church of Our Lady of Mount Carmel Church of Our Lady of Patronage Church of Saint Anne Church of Saint Augustine Church of Saint Liberata Church of Saint Mary Magdalene Convent of Our Lady of the Angels Cuartel Barbones Fort of Santa Catalina Iglesia de la Recoleta Mogrovejo Hospital Monastery of Saint Rose of Lima National Mint of Peru Palacio de la Magdalena Palacio de Torre Tagle Panteón de los Próceres Plaza de toros de Acho Real Felipe Fortress Royal College of the University of San Marcos Royal Hospital of Saint Andrew Sanctuary and Monastery of Las Nazarenas Sanctuary of Saint Rose of Lima Seminario de Lima St. Clare's Monastery Mill St. Sebastian's Church Trinitarian Church Walls of Lima Other touristic buildings Archbishop's Palace Association of Amateur Artists Atlas Building Bar Cordano Basílica María Auxiliadora BBVA Building Begonias Tower Casa Arenas Loayza Casa de Correos y Telégrafos Casa de las Trece Monedas Casa del Pueblo Casa Fernandini, Lima Casa Fernandini, Santa María del Mar Casa Roosevelt Casa Rusa Casa Sal y Rosas Casa Suárez Chinatown Arch Chocavento Tower Church of Our Lady of the Forsaken Club de la Unión Club Nacional Country Club Lima Hotel Cristo del Pacífico Delfines Hotel & Convention Center Desamparados station Diez de Octubre School Eduardo Dibos Colosseum El Ángel Cemetery Gamarra Government Palace Obelisk Gran Hotel Bolívar Gran Hotel Maury Guadalupe College Hermitage of Barranco Hospital Civil de la Misericordia Hotel Crillón Immaculate Heart of Mary Church Monument Institute of Hygiene Interbank Building Javier Alzamora Valdez Building JW Marriott Hotel Lima La Atarjea La Colmena Building La Rosa Náutica Larcomar Teatro La Plaza Library of Congress Lima Civic Center Legislative Palace Lima Convention Center Lima Stock Exchange Building Luis Gálvez Chipoco Stadium Mesa Redonda Monumental Stadium Morro Solar War Monument Mosque of Lima National Geographic Institute National Library of Peru National Maternal Perinatal Institute National Stadium of Peru Palacio de la Exposición Palacio de Miraflores Palacio Municipal Palace of Justice Pan-American Athletes' Village Petroperú Building Public Ministry of Peru Quinta Heeren Quinta Leuro Quinta Presa Rospigliosi Castle Saint Thérèse of the Child Jesus Church Sheraton Lima Historic Center Sinagoga 1870 Sinagoga Sharón The Westin Lima Hotel & Convention Center Torre Banco de la Nación Museums and theatres Aeronautical Museum Bodega y Quadra Museum Canout Theatre Casa Grau Naval Museum Combatants of the Morro de Arica Museum DIRCOTE Museum Gold Museum of Peru and Arms of the World Gran Teatro Nacional José Carlos Mariátegui Museum Larco Museum Lima Art Museum Metropolitan Museum Morro Solar Planetarium Municipal Theatre Museum Museum of Congress and the Inquisition Museum of Contemporary Art Museum of the Brain Museum of the Central Reserve Bank of Peru Museum of Elections and Democracy Museum of Italian Art Museum of Natural History National Afro-Peruvian Museum National Museum of Archaeology, Anthropology and History National Museum National Museum of Peruvian Culture Naval Museum Pinacotheca of Lima Teatro Colón Teatro Municipal Teatro Peruano Japonés Teatro Segura Squares and promenades Cinco esquinas Jirón de la Unión Pasaje Olaya Monument Pasaje Santa Rosa Pizarro statue Stone of Taulichusco Paseo de los Héroes Navales Las llamas La yunta Paseo Colón Columbus Statue Pizza Blvd. Plaza de la Bandera Plaza Bolívar Plaza Bolognesi Plaza de la Democracia Plaza Dos de Mayo Plaza Francia Statue of Liberty Plaza Grau Monument Plaza Italia Plaza José Faustino Sánchez Carrión Plaza Manco Cápac Monument Plaza Mayor Fountain Plaza Perú Plaza Ramón Castilla Monument Plaza San Martín Lamp of the Three Graces Plazuela de las Artes Plazuela del Teatro Monument Parks and zoos Alameda Chabuca Granda Alameda de los Descalzos Museum Bridge of Sighs Campo de Marte Monument Costa Verde Pan-American Complex El Olivar Friendship Park Cultural Centre Museum Heroes of Independence Park Huachipa Zoo Lima Golf Club Malecón de Miraflores Love Park Villena Bridge Medicinal Botanical Garden Kennedy Park Lachay National Reserve Pantanos de Villa Wildlife Refuge Parque de la Exposición Fountain Parque de La Muralla Parque de la Reserva Parque de las Leyendas Paseo de Aguas Plazuela Chabuca Granda Monument Reducto № 2 Museum Reducto № 5 University Park Clock Education Antonio Ruiz de Montoya University Cayetano Heredia University Federico Villarreal National University National Superior Autonomous School of Fine Arts Cultural Centre National University of Engineering National University of San Marcos Officers' School of the National Police of Peru Peruvian University of Applied Sciences Pontifical Catholic University of Peru Raúl Porras Barrenechea Institute Ricardo Palma University Technological University of Peru University of Engineering and Technology Campus University of Lima Health Archbishop Loayza National Hospital Central Military Hospital Dos de Mayo National Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins National Hospital National Institute of Child Health National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases San Bartolomé National Hospital Víctor Larco Herrera Hospital Nearby areas with beaches Ancón Callao Base Port Chancay Port Chorrillos La Herradura Miraflores La Pampilla Pucusana Former Banco Comercial Barranco Lake Barranco Zoo Cabildo of Lima Casa Alcántara Casa Marcionelli Casa Oechsle Casa Tenaud Church of Our Lady of the Forsaken Church of Saint Mary of Charity Cine Tauro El Sexto Prison Gate of Lima Giacoletti Building Great Clock of Lima Hipódromo de San Felipe Hipódromo de Santa Beatriz Lima Penitentiary Limatambo Airport Limatambo Building Marsano Palace Moorish Arch Museo de la Nación National Stadium San Jorge Prison San Martín barracks Venetian Palace Saint Paul's College Viceregal Palace

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Moorish Arch, Lima](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moorish_Arch%2C_Lima) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moorish_Arch%2C_Lima?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.