# Moneytree > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Moneytree > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Moneytree.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moneytree > Source revision: 1352542143 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{Short description|US retail financial services provider}}{{About|the retail financial services provider|3=Money tree (disambiguation)}}{{Infobox company | name = Moneytree, Inc. | logo = alt=A tree with paper money as leaves with the logo stating, "Moneytree."|160px | caption = | type = [Private](/source/privately_held_company) | traded_as = | fate = | predecessor = | successor = | foundation = {{Start date|1983|10|31}} | founder = | defunct = | location = [Tukwila](/source/Tukwila%2C_Washington), [Washington](/source/Washington_(state)), United States | locations = 64 stores | area_served = United States | key_people = Dennis Bassford ([CEO](/source/Chief_executive_officer)) | industry = [Financial services](/source/Financial_services) | products = | services = [Financing](/source/financial_services) | revenue = | operating_income = | net_income = | aum = | assets = | equity = | owner = | parent = | divisions = | subsid = | homepage = {{URL|www.moneytreeinc.com}} | footnotes = {{cite web|title=BBB Business Review: Contact Information|url=http://www.bbb.org/denver/business-reviews/check-cashing-service/moneytree-in-seattle-wa-34001017|publisher=[BBB](/source/Better_Business_Bureau)|accessdate=8 February 2012}}{{cite web|last=Myke|first=Folger|title=Treating Them Right|url=http://www.seattlebusinessmag.com/article/treating-them-right|publisher=Seattle Business Magazine|accessdate=8 February 2012|date=July 2009}} | intl = }} [[File:Moneytree - Exterior.jpg|alt=|thumb|A Moneytree store in [Everett, Washington](/source/Everett%2C_Washington)]] '''Moneytree, Inc.''' is a retail financial services provider headquartered in [Tukwila](/source/Tukwila%2C_Washington), [Washington](/source/Washington_(U.S._state)), with branches in [Washington](/source/Washington_(state)), [California](/source/California), [Colorado](/source/Colorado), [Idaho](/source/Idaho), and [Nevada](/source/Nevada). Moneytree offers [payday loan](/source/payday_loan)s, [installment loan](/source/installment_loan)s, [prepaid debit cards](/source/stored-value_card), [money order](/source/money_order)s, bill payment, [Western Union](/source/Western_Union) transfers, [auto equity](/source/secured_loan) and [title loans](/source/title_loans). In 2013, Moneytree won "Best Place to Work in Colorado" in the small business category.[http://www.cobizmag.com/articles/best-companies-to-work-for-in-colorado-2013-small "Best Companies to Work for 2013"] == Origins == thumb|In the early days, Moneytree used a gorilla suit in their advertisements. Moneytree first opened on October 31, 1983 in [Renton, Washington](/source/Renton%2C_Washington) as a check cashing store. Over the years, the business expanded its product lines to what it offers today. Dennis Bassford, an [Idaho](/source/Idaho) native and [Boise State University](/source/Boise_State_University) alum, has been the CEO and owner since the inception, along with his brother David Bassford and his wife, Sara Bassford. The name refers to a [common](/source/wiktionary%3Amoney_doesn't_grow_on_trees) saying. == Regulation and political influence == As a retail financial provider, Moneytree is subject to laws as defined by the [Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB)](/source/Consumer_Financial_Protection_Bureau) as well as applicable state and local laws. While Moneytree has not done much lobbying at the national level outside of donating to presidential campaigns, they have made several efforts to influence laws at the state level by lobbying legislatures in [Nevada](/source/Nevada), [Colorado](/source/Colorado), and their home state of [Washington](/source/Washington_(state)). === Washington RCW 31.45 === In 2009, Washington passed RCW 31.45, which enacted stringent reforms on payday lending in the state, including the stipulation that a short-term loan "may not exceed $700 or thirty percent of the gross monthly income of the borrower, whichever is lower".{{Cite web|title=Making small loans—Endorsement required—Due date—Termination date—Maximum amount—Installment plans—Interest—Fees—Postdated check or draft as security.|url=https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=31.45.073|website=Washington State Legislature}} Before the passing of RCW 31.45, the payday loan industry in Washington was worth $1.3 billion per year operating out of 603 locations across Washington state. By 2014, those numbers had dropped to 173 locations generating $331 million.{{Cite web|last1=Mar 5|first1=Jimmy Lovaas •|last2=Pm|first2=2015 at 3:44|title=The Payday Loan Rule Changes That Only Payday Lenders Want|url=https://www.thestranger.com/blogs/slog/2015/03/05/21834944/the-payday-loan-reforms-that-only-payday-lenders-want|access-date=2021-09-04|website=The Stranger|language=en}}{{Cite web|date=2016-12-21|title=Payday lender Moneytree hit with $500,000 in fines and refunds|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/business/local-business/payday-lender-moneytree-hit-with-500000-in-fines-and-refunds/|access-date=2021-09-04|website=The Seattle Times|language=en-US}} In that same time, Moneytree and its executives pledged more than $200,000 in political contributions to state and national officials in the [2010 election cycle](/source/2010_United_States_elections), with over half coming directly from CEO and Owner Dennis Bassford, Vice President David Bassford, and his wife Sara Bassford.{{Cite web|title=Campaign Finance - Money, Political Finance, Campaign Contributions|url=https://www.campaignmoney.com/finance.asp?pg=1&type=io&criteria=moneytree&ra=179822&rc=89&prevpage=6&cycle=10|access-date=2021-09-04|website=www.campaignmoney.com}}{{Cite web|last=Corbit|first=Fred|date=2013-01-08|title=Op-ed: Payday-lending law works in Washington state|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/opinion/op-ed-payday-lending-law-works-in-washington-state/|access-date=2021-09-04|website=The Seattle Times|language=en-US}} In 2013, Moneytree hired Sound View Strategies, a well-connected public-affairs and lobbying firm, to help create and pass SB-5312, a bill that proposed raising the maximum amount a borrower can take out at one time from $700 to $1,500 with an interest rate up to 36 percent.{{Cite web|title=Washington SB 5312 - 2013-14|url=https://apps.leg.wa.gov/billsummary?BillNumber=5312&Initiative=false&Year=2013|website=Washington State Legislature}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/seattle/blog/2013/02/moneytree-asks-for-law-change-to-allow.html?page=all|access-date=2021-09-04|website=www.bizjournals.com}} The bill would allow lenders to charge a $225 "[origination fee](/source/origination_fee)" plus a monthly 7.5 percent maintenance fee on the loan. Critics pointed out that these fees "could push the effective annual rate above 200 percent, according to a calculation by the state Department of Financial Institutions".{{Cite news|date=2013-05-29|title=Payday Lenders Evading Rules Pivot to Installment Loans|language=en|work=Bloomberg.com|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-05-29/payday-lenders-evading-rules-pivot-to-installmant-loans|access-date=2021-10-27}} According to documents sourced by the [Seattle Times](/source/The_Seattle_Times), Sound View Strategies was retained for an $8,000-per-month “lobbyist's fee" with a $15,000 “wrapping up fee” if the legislation was approved by March 5 of that year.{{Cite web|date=2015-03-03|title=Moneytree leads push to loosen state's payday-lending law|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/moneytree-leads-push-to-loosen-states-payday-lending-law/|access-date=2021-09-04|website=The Seattle Times|language=en-US}} The bill made it through the Senate, but was unable to make it through the House before expiring at the April 19th deadline.{{Cite web|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/seattle/blog/2013/04/legislative-bill-favoring-payday.html|access-date=2021-09-04|website=www.bizjournals.com}} Moneytree again tried to change the laws in Washington in 2015. This time, a bill sponsored by [Rep. Larry Springer](/source/Larry_Springer) and [Sen. Marko Liias](/source/Marko_Liias)—both of whom had previously received donations from Moneytree—proposed creating a “small consumer installment loan” system that would allow lenders to offer 6-month to 12-month loans with effective interest rates up to 213 percent. The bill, known as HB-1922, stalled in committee and never made it into law.{{Cite web|title=Washington State Legislature- HB 1922|url=https://app.leg.wa.gov/billsummary/?BillNumber=1922&Year=2015&Initiative=false|website=Washington State Legislature}}{{Cite web|title=Washington State Legislature - SB 5899|url=https://app.leg.wa.gov/billsummary/?BillNumber=5899&Year=2015&Initiative=false|website=Washington State Legislature}} === Oregon Chapter 725A === In 2007, Oregon made Chapter 725 — Consumer Finance into law. These changes capped interest rates at 36% as well as placed other restrictions on businesses like Moneytree that operated within the state.{{Cite web|url=https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors725.html|access-date=2021-09-04|website=www.oregonlegislature.gov}} As a result, Moneytree withdrew from the Oregon market, and as of 2020, there are only seven licensed payday lenders in Oregon.{{Cite web|title=Division of Financial Regulation : Licensed payday and title lenders : Payday loans : State of Oregon|url=https://dfr.oregon.gov/financial/loans/personal/payday/Pages/licensed-payday-and-title-lenders.aspx|access-date=2021-09-04|website=dfr.oregon.gov}} === Colorado Proposition 111 === In 2018, Colorado voters passed Proposition 111 by a margin of 77% to 22%.{{Cite web|title=Colorado Proposition 111, Limits on Payday Loan Charges Initiative (2018)|url=https://ballotpedia.org/Colorado_Proposition_111,_Limits_on_Payday_Loan_Charges_Initiative_(2018)|access-date=2021-09-04|website=Ballotpedia|language=en}} It stipulated that all loans must be repayable over an extended period of time (longer than two weeks) and capped their interest rates, effectively eliminating payday loans. As a result, Moneytree began offering installment loans which can be paid back over six months. === Nevada SB 201 === A 2018 audit of Nevada's [Financial Institutions Division](/source/Nevada_State_Bank) (FID) found nearly one in three high-interest lenders in the state of Nevada failed compliance reviews during the previous five years;{{Cite web|date=2019-03-21|title=Payday lending opponents, industry clash in charged hearing over loan database|url=https://thenevadaindependent.com/article/payday-lending-opponents-industry-clash-in-charged-hearing-over-loan-database|access-date=2021-09-04|website=The Nevada Independent|language=en}} it's unclear how many of these faults applied to Moneytree. [Sen. Yvanna Cancela](/source/Yvanna_Cancela) claimed that a loan tracking database would have “significant value to the Division, its licensees, and Legislators.” On February 18, 2019, the Nevada state legislature introduced SB 201, a bill that codified provisions of the federal [Military Lending Act](/source/Payday_loans_in_the_United_States) and required the [Commissioner of Financial Institutions](/source/Office_of_Financial_Institutions) to "develop, implement, and maintain a database storing certain information relating to deferred deposit loans, title loans, and high-interest loans made to customers in [Nevada]."{{Cite web|title=SB201 Overview|url=https://www.leg.state.nv.us/App/NELIS/REL/80th2019/Bill/6345/Overview|access-date=2021-09-04|website=www.leg.state.nv.us}} SB 201 would require lenders to record not just loan details, but also "any grace periods, extensions, renewals, refinances, repayment plans, collection notices, and declined loans".{{Cite web|date=2020-12-28|title=Lawmakers grant final approval to payday lending database plans, over industry concerns|url=https://thenevadaindependent.com/article/lawmakers-grant-final-approval-to-payday-lending-database-plans-over-industry-concerns|access-date=2021-09-04|website=The Nevada Independent|language=en}} Lobbyists for retail financial providers, including Moneytree, claimed that the proposed law was "unfairly targeted" and that the measure could lead to more “underground non-regulated short-term loans". Despite this, the Nevada State Senate voted to approve the bill on April 19, 2019. After a delay due to the [COVID-19 pandemic](/source/COVID-19_pandemic),{{Cite web|date=2020-04-29|title=Technical issues cause cancellation of payday lending database meeting|url=https://thenevadaindependent.com/article/technical-issues-cause-cancellation-of-payday-lending-database-meeting|access-date=2021-09-04|website=The Nevada Independent|language=en}} the database was officially created in December 2020. === 2024 Nevada Ballot Initiative === In 2024, a non-profit called Stop Predatory Lending NV, funded in part by the [Sixteen Thirty Fund](/source/Sixteen_Thirty_Fund),{{Cite web |date=2024-04-19 |title=Millions roll in to Nevada ballot initiatives from unions, Uber and dark money groups |url=https://thenevadaindependent.com/article/millions-roll-in-to-nevada-ballot-initiatives-from-unions-uber-and-dark-money-groups |access-date=2024-12-13 |website=The Nevada Independent |language=en}} filed two petitions for ballot initiatives that would cap annual interest rates at 36 percent on short-term loans like as payday and title loans.{{Cite web |date=2024-01-08 |title=Initiative filed to cap Nevada payday loan interest rates |url=https://thenevadaindependent.com/article/ballot-initiative-filed-to-cap-nevada-payday-loan-interest-rates |access-date=2024-12-13 |website=The Nevada Independent |language=en}} The first petition also included language to increase how much money from a person’s bank account and weekly wages is protected from a seizure for an unpaid debt; the second petition does not include that language.{{Cite web |date=2024-05-13 |title=Tracking Nevada's 2024 ballot measures: From A's to abortion rights |url=https://thenevadaindependent.com/article/tracking-nevadas-2024-ballot-measures-from-as-to-abortion-rights#paydayloans |access-date=2024-12-13 |website=The Nevada Independent |language=en}} In turn, Moneytree donated $25,000 to Nevadans for Financial Choice,{{Cite web |title=CONTRIBUTIONS AND EXPENSES REPORT {{!}} Nevadans for Financial Choice {{!}} Nevada SOS |url=https://www.nvsos.gov/soscandidateservices/anonymousaccess/ViewCCEReport.aspx?syn=WWUHq%252fs7Sp2xSfQ5g2Paow%253d%253d |access-date=2024-12-13 |website=www.nvsos.gov}} who opposed the petition. In March of the same year, a Carson City judge rejected the first petition because it was too broad, a decision that was upheld by the state Supreme Court in June. The same district court judge approved the narrower petition, which is pending an appeal in the state Supreme Court.{{Cite web |date=2024-06-24 |title=NV Supreme Court rejects payday loan ballot initiative; narrower version awaits ruling |url=https://thenevadaindependent.com/article/nv-supreme-court-rejects-payday-loan-ballot-initiative-narrower-version-awaits-ruling |access-date=2024-12-13 |website=The Nevada Independent |language=en}} This narrowed petition, S-03-2024, failed to get the required signatures by the November deadline, and the petition ended.{{Cite web |title=Initiative Petitions to Propose a New Statute or to Amend an Existing Statute {{!}} Nevada SOS |url=https://www.nvsos.gov/sos/elections/2024-petitions |access-date=2024-12-13 |website=www.nvsos.gov}} == Controversy == Criticism of the company and their practices is commonly based on the fact that several of Moneytree's products fit the description of a "[debt trap](/source/Payday_loans_in_the_United_States)". A debt trap is a loan that is difficult or impossible to repay due to high interest payments; Moneytree charges 430% APR on payday loans in Nevada,{{Cite web|title=Moneytree® {{!}} Nevada Payday Loans, Cash Advances, Money Loans & Online Loans|url=https://www.moneytreeinc.com/loans/nevada/payday-loans|access-date=2021-10-27|website=www.moneytreeinc.com}} 460% in California, and 482% in Idaho.{{Cite web|title=Moneytree® {{!}} Idaho Online Payday Loans, Cash Advances, and Online Money Loans|url=https://www.moneytreeinc.com/loans/idaho/payday-loans|access-date=2021-10-27|website=www.moneytreeinc.com}} Debt traps are commonly targeted mainly at low-income borrowers.{{Cite web|last=ogosenseadmin|date=2018-04-05|title=Stop the Debt Trap: Preserve the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau's Payday Loan Rule|url=https://www.nclc.org/issues/stop-payday-loan-debt-trap-preserve-cfpb.html|access-date=2020-07-18|website=National Consumer Law Center|language=en-US}}{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Moneytree asks Washington state legislators for new payday-lending product|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/seattle/blog/2013/02/moneytree-asks-for-law-change-to-allow.html|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-07-22|website=www.bizjournals.com}} In 2005, the [Seattle Post-Intelligencer](/source/Seattle_Post-Intelligencer) and the [University of Washington](/source/University_of_Washington) completed a demographic analysis which concluded payday-loan stores (including those run by Moneytree) were predominantly found in largely-black and low-income neighborhoods.{{Cite web|last=Valdez|first=Angela|title=The Color of Money|url=https://www.thestranger.com/seattle/the-color-of-money/Content?oid=125310|access-date=2021-10-27|website=The Stranger|language=en}} Bassford has stated that Moneytree's products are not predatory in nature, but instead that "for the most part, they are [a] responsible business" and "there are people who misuse all kinds of products in society."{{Cite web|date=2016-06-21|title=Meet Payday Lender Dennis "Shell Game" Bassford of MoneyTree, Inc.|url=http://paydaylendingfacts.org/2016/06/21/dennisbassford/|access-date=2020-07-18|website=Payday Lending Facts|language=en}} The company also claims to promote [financial literacy](/source/financial_literacy) for customers, with Bassford saying he sponsors a group of students at the [University of Washington](/source/University_of_Washington) who "deliver financial literacy in schools" though he could not recall any specific programs. Asked whether he works to improve financial education among potential clients, he said, "We're not conducting programs with our customers."{{Cite web|last=Valdez|first=Angela|title=The Color of Money|url=https://www.thestranger.com/seattle/the-color-of-money/Content?oid=125310|access-date=2020-07-18|website=The Stranger|language=en}} == Fines, incidents, and non-compliance == In 2010, Moneytree was accused of "skirting" consumer laws which prohibit borrowers from taking out more than eight payday loans in a 12-month period. When pressed by the [Kitsap Sun](/source/Kitsap_Sun), Moneytree CEO Dennis Bassford responded by saying that Moneytree and [Washington State Department of Financial Institutions](/source/Washington_State_Department_of_Financial_Institutions) “just interpret[ed] the statute differently.”{{Cite web|title=State accuses Moneytree of skirting new law|url=https://www.columbian.com/news/2010/apr/24/state-accuses-moneytree-of-skirting-new-law/|access-date=2020-07-18|website=The Columbian|language=en-US}} In March 2016, Moneytree fell victim to a [CEO Email scam](/source/Email_fraud). A scammer impersonating Bassford send an email to the payroll department requesting names, home addresses, social security numbers, birth dates and W2 information of employees. In a letter to employees detailing the breach, Bassford said the following:
"Unfortunately, this request was not recognized as a scam, and the information about current and former Team Members who worked in the US at Moneytree in 2015 or were hired in early 2016 was disclosed. The good news is that our servers and security systems were not breached, and our millions of customer records were not affected. The bad news is that our Team Members’ information has been compromised."{{Cite web|title=Thieves Phish Moneytree Employee Tax Data — Krebs on Security|date=16 March 2016 |url=https://krebsonsecurity.com/2016/03/thieves-phish-moneytree-employee-tax-data/|access-date=2020-07-18|language=en-US}}
In 2016, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau fined Moneytree for deceptive advertising and collections practices{{Cite news|last=Hayashi|first=Yuka|date=2016-12-16|title=CFPB Fines Payday Lender Moneytree for Deceptive Advertising, Collection Practices|language=en-US|work=Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/cfpb-fines-payday-lender-moneytree-for-deceptive-advertising-collection-practices-1481928129|access-date=2020-05-04|issn=0099-9660}} spanning two incidents: in 2014 and 2015, Moneytree sent out mailers that threatened to repossess the cars and trucks of 490 customers who were delinquent on loans. Also in March 2015, Moneytree left a percent sign off of an advertisement for their check cashing services in what the CFBP called "misleading," though Moneytree insisted it was an isolated incident and purely accidental.{{Cite web|date=2016-12-21|title=Payday lender Moneytree hit with $500,000 in fines and refunds|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/business/local-business/payday-lender-moneytree-hit-with-500000-in-fines-and-refunds/|access-date=2020-07-18|website=The Seattle Times|language=en-US}} For these incidents, the CFBP fined Moneytree $505,000: $255,000 in consumer refunds, and a [civil penalty](/source/civil_penalty) of $250,000.{{Cite web |date=16 December 2016 |title=CFPB Takes Action Against Moneytree for Deceptive Advertising and Collection Practices |url=https://www.consumerfinance.gov/about-us/newsroom/cfpb-takes-action-against-moneytree-deceptive-advertising-and-collection-practices/ |access-date=2020-05-04 |website=Consumer Financial Protection Bureau |language=en}} == Impact of COVID-19 and beyond == Before the [COVID-19 pandemic](/source/COVID-19_pandemic), Moneytree had around 120 stores across five states ([Washington](/source/Washington_(state)), [California](/source/California), [Colorado](/source/Colorado), [Idaho](/source/Idaho), and [Nevada](/source/Nevada)) and one Canadian province ([British Columbia](/source/British_Columbia)). When interviewed by Seattle's public radio affiliate [KUOW](/source/KUOW-FM) in June 2020, Dennis Bassford stated that business had decreased by 75%. "We laid off 160 people this week," he said. "I laid off 35 people at the end of March. I'm closing over 20 stores."{{Cite web|date=2020-06-01|title=Payday lending falls off a cliff as pandemic continues in Washington state|url=https://www.kuow.org/stories/payday-lending-falls-off-a-cliff|access-date=2020-07-18|website=www.kuow.org|language=en}} By the end of 2024, Moneytree's website lists 64 remaining locations,{{Cite web |title=FAQ - Moneytree Inc. |url=https://www.moneytreeinc.com/search/searchindex?=&tabOrder=.%2Findex.html%2Clocations%2Cfaqs%2Cproducts%2Cblog&query=&referrerPageUrl=&facetFilters=%7B%22undefined%22%3A%5B%5D%7D&filters=%7B%7D&verticalUrl=locations.html |access-date=December 13, 2024 |website=Moneytree Inc}}{{Cite web |date=2023-10-04 |title=Moneytree® {{!}} Moneytree Lending |url=https://www.moneytreeinc.com/services/moneytree-lending |access-date=2024-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004125723/https://www.moneytreeinc.com/services/moneytree-lending |archive-date=4 October 2023 }} almost half of what it was before COVID. However, they now offer all of their products online to residents of those states. All five of their stores in [British Columbia](/source/British_Columbia) are now closed.{{Cite web |title=Google review of Moneytree by Dilbar singh |url=https://www.google.com/maps/reviews/data=!4m8!14m7!1m6!2m5!1sChZDSUhNMG9nS0VJQ0FnSUN2dUktWkZnEAE!2m1!1s0x0:0x993284e000453938!3m1!1s2@1:CIHM0ogKEICAgICvuI-ZFg%7CCgwIlrDTugYQsPSAkgM%7C?hl=en-AU&kgs=ceb8eae1444599a4 |access-date=2024-12-13 |website=Google review of Moneytree by Dilbar singh |language=en}}{{Cite web |date=2024-07-22 |title=Moneytree® {{!}} About Us |url=https://www.moneytreeinc.ca/company/about-us |access-date=2024-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722223908/https://www.moneytreeinc.ca/company/about-us |archive-date=22 July 2024 }} ==See also== * [Alternative financial services in the United States](/source/Alternative_financial_services_in_the_United_States) * [Payday loans in the United States](/source/Payday_loans_in_the_United_States) * [Predatory lending](/source/Predatory_lending) * [Washington State Department of Financial Institutions](/source/Washington_State_Department_of_Financial_Institutions) ==References== {{Reflist}} ==External links== * [http://www.moneytreeinc.com/ Official Website] Category:Companies based in Seattle Category:1983 establishments in Washington (state) Category:American companies established in 1983 Category:Financial services companies established in 1983 --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Moneytree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moneytree) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moneytree?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.