# Monactinus

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{{Short description|Genus of algae}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Pediastrum simplex EPA.jpg
| image_caption = ''Monactinus simplex''
| taxon = Monactinus
| authority = Corda, 1839
| type_species = ''Monactinus simplex''
| type_species_authority = (Meyen) Corda<ref name=AlgaeBase>{{AlgaeBase genus|id= 50035 |name=Monactinus|access-date=2024-11-29}}</ref>
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = 
* ''[Monactinus asymmetricus](/source/Monactinus_asymmetricus)''
* ''[Monactinus simplex](/source/Monactinus_simplex)''
}}

'''''Monactinus''''' is a [genus](/source/genus) of [green algae](/source/green_algae) in the family [Hydrodictyaceae](/source/Hydrodictyaceae).<ref>See the [NCBI](/source/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=427906 webpage on Monactinus].  Data extracted from the {{cite web | url=https://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/pub/taxonomy/ | title=NCBI taxonomy resources | publisher=[National Center for Biotechnology Information](/source/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information) | access-date=2007-03-19}}</ref> It is very common in freshwater regions throughout the world.<ref>{{cite journal | doi=10.1111/j.1529-8817.2010.00940.x | title=Molecular Phylogenetic Relationships in the Freshwater Family Hydrodictyaceae (Sphaeropleales, Chlorophyceae), with an Emphasis on ''Pediastrum duplex'' | year=2011 | last1=McManus | first1=Hilary A. | last2=Lewis | first2=Louise A. | journal=Journal of Phycology | volume=47 | issue=1 | pages=152–163 | pmid=27021721 | bibcode=2011JPcgy..47..152M | s2cid=20549311 }}</ref>

==Description==
''Monactinus'' forms flat colonies, termed [coenobia](/source/Coenobium_(morphology)), of cells in powers of two, usually four, eight, or 16. Coenobia are disc-shaped in outline, and marginal cells are drawn out into one lobe or point. This distinguishes it from ''[Pediastrum](/source/Pediastrum)'' and closely related genera, which have marginal cells which are drawn out into two lobes or points.<ref name=Bicudo_and_Menezes2006>{{cite book | title= Gêneros de Algas de Águas Continentais do Brasil: chave para identificação e descrições | edition=2 | year=2006 | first1=Carlos E. M. |last1=Bicudo | first2=Mariângela | last2= Menezes | publisher= RiMa Editora | pages=508 | isbn= 857656064X }}</ref> ''Monactinus'' shows a considerable amount of morphological diversity, with cells displaying different shapes, cell wall surface granulations, and inter-cellular gaps (or lack thereof).<ref>{{cite journal | doi=10.1590/S2236-89062012000100002 | title=Chlorococcales (exceto Scenedesmaceae) de pesqueiros da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, SP, Brasil: Levantamento florístico | year=2012 | last1=Rosini | first1=Edna Ferreira | last2=Sant'Anna | first2=Célia Leite | last3=Tucci | first3=Andréa | journal=Hoehnea | volume=39 | pages=11–38 | doi-access=free }}</ref> Cells have one [chloroplast](/source/chloroplast) filling the cell, each with a single [pyrenoid](/source/pyrenoid).<ref name=Bicudo_and_Menezes2006/>

==Taxonomy==
Although ''Monactinus'' was first described by [August Carl Joseph Corda](/source/August_Carl_Joseph_Corda) in 1839, for most of its history it was considered to be a synonym of ''[Pediastrum](/source/Pediastrum)''. In 2005, [molecular phylogenetic](/source/molecular_phylogenetic) analyses showed that ''Pediastrum'' ''[sensu lato](/source/sensu_lato)'' was [paraphyletic](/source/paraphyletic) with respect to ''[Hydrodictyon](/source/Hydrodictyon)''. Therefore, ''Pediastrum'' was split up into several genera, including ''Monactinus''.<ref>{{cite journal | doi=10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.00129.x | title=Phylogeny of the Hydrodictyaceae (Chlorophyceae): Inferences from rDNA Data | year=2005 | last1=Buchheim | first1=Mark | last2=Buchheim | first2=Julie | last3=Carlson | first3=Tracy | last4=Braband | first4=Anke | last5=Hepperle | first5=Dominik | last6=Krienitz | first6=Lothar | last7=Wolf | first7=Matthias | last8=Hegewald | first8=Eberhard | journal=Journal of Phycology | volume=41 | issue=5 | pages=1039–1054 | bibcode=2005JPcgy..41.1039B | s2cid=83698514 }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|1}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q6897837}}

Category:Sphaeropleales genera
Category:Sphaeropleales
Category:Freshwater algae

{{Chlorophyceae-stub}}

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Monactinus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monactinus) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monactinus?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.