# Modal filter
> Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Modal_filter
> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Modal_filter.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modal_filter
> Source revision: 1317067587
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)
{{Short description|Road design that restricts the passage of certain types of vehicle}}
[[File:Modal filter in Basel.jpg|thumb|A modal filter in [Basel](/source/Basel), [Switzerland](/source/Switzerland)]]
A '''modal filter''', sometimes referred to as a '''point closure''',[{{Cite web|title=Point Closure {{!}} Cycling Embassy of Great Britain|url=https://www.cycling-embassy.org.uk/dictionary/point-closure|access-date=2020-11-10|website=www.cycling-embassy.org.uk|archive-date=2023-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202121819/https://www.cycling-embassy.org.uk/dictionary/point-closure|url-status=live}}] is a road design that restricts the passage of certain [types of vehicle](/source/Mode_of_transport) in [road transport](/source/road_transport). Modal filtering is often used to help create a [low traffic neighbourhood](/source/Low_Traffic_Neighbourhood) (LTN), where motor traffic is diverted away from residential streets[{{Cite news|last=Taylor|first=Matthew|date=2020-05-18|title='A new normal': how coronavirus will transform transport in Britain's cities|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/may/18/a-new-normal-how-coronavirus-will-transform-transport-in-britains-cities|access-date=2020-11-10|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=2020-11-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201110234747/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/may/18/a-new-normal-how-coronavirus-will-transform-transport-in-britains-cities|url-status=live}}][{{Cite journal|last1=Aldred|first1=Rachel|last2=Goodman|first2=Anna|date=2020-09-10|title=Low Traffic Neighbourhoods, Car Use, and Active Travel: Evidence from the People and Places Survey of Outer London Active Travel Interventions|url=https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/download/d73f787784edb40bac0cde777354ca1067279acd3ee276df240bdecc89a5f00e/1521347/17128-low-traffic-neighbourhoods-car-use-and-active-travel-evidence-from-the-people-and-places-survey-of-outer-london-active-travel-interventions.pdf|journal=Findings|language=en|article-number=17128|doi=10.32866/001c.17128|doi-access=free|access-date=2020-11-11}}] and instead toward [feeder road](/source/Frontage_road)s. Modal filters can be used to achieve [filtered permeability](/source/filtered_permeability) within a transport network,[{{Cite web|title=Modal filter {{!}} Cycling Embassy of Great Britain|url=https://www.cycling-embassy.org.uk/dictionary/modal-filter|access-date=2020-11-10|website=www.cycling-embassy.org.uk|archive-date=2020-11-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201110214926/https://www.cycling-embassy.org.uk/dictionary/modal-filter|url-status=live}}][{{Cite book|last=Parkin|first=John|title=Designing for Cycle Traffic|publisher=ICE Publishing|year=2018|isbn=978-0-7277-6349-5|location=London, UK|page=56}}] and can encourage walking and cycling through more pleasant environments and improved safety.[{{Cite web|title=Traffic Management Act 2004: network management in response to COVID-19|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/reallocating-road-space-in-response-to-covid-19-statutory-guidance-for-local-authorities/traffic-management-act-2004-network-management-in-response-to-covid-19|access-date=2020-11-14|website=GOV.UK|language=en|archive-date=2020-11-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113113544/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/reallocating-road-space-in-response-to-covid-19-statutory-guidance-for-local-authorities/traffic-management-act-2004-network-management-in-response-to-covid-19|url-status=live}}]
Modal filters can be implemented through the use of [barriers](/source/Barricade) such as [bollard](/source/Bollard_(traffic))s, [boom barrier](/source/boom_barrier)s and [planters](/source/Flowerpot), though filters can also be implemented virtually through the use of [automatic number-plate recognition](/source/automatic_number-plate_recognition) [cameras](/source/Camera) and [road signs](/source/Traffic_sign), which can allow residential motor access while prohibiting passing motor traffic.[{{Cite journal|last1=Aldred|first1=Rachel|last2=Croft|first2=Joseph|date=2019-03-01|title=Evaluating active travel and health economic impacts of small streetscape schemes: An exploratory study in London|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214140518304006|journal=Journal of Transport & Health|language=en|volume=12|pages=86–96|doi=10.1016/j.jth.2018.11.009|s2cid=133809626 |issn=2214-1405}}]
Modal filters are often the result of [circulation plan](/source/circulation_plan)s by [local government](/source/local_government)s.
== Gallery ==
File:Low Traffic Neighbourhood (LTN) trial of a modal filter in the London Borough of Kingston upon Thames.jpg|A trial modal filter using easily moved planters in [London](/source/London).
File:LTN modal filter 'road open to' sign.jpg|A sign explains what kind of traffic is allowed through the modal filter.
File:Modal filter at Boeckhstrasse Graefestrasse intersection Kreuzberg Berlin looking west.jpg|Permanent modal filter in [Kreuzberg](/source/Kreuzberg), Berlin
==See also==
* [Road diet](/source/Road_diet)
* [Modal shift](/source/Modal_shift)
* [Bus trap](/source/Bus_trap)
Category:Road infrastructure
Category:Road safety
Category:Street furniture
Category:Streetworks
Category:Traffic signs
Category:Traffic calming
== References ==
{{reflist}}
---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Modal filter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modal_filter) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modal_filter?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.