# Mobile game > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Mobile_game > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Mobile_game.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_game > Source revision: 1356916849 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{short description|Video game played on a mobile device}} {{Use American English|date=February 2026}} {{multiple| {{More citations needed|date=December 2008}} {{puffery|date=January 2022}} {{Copy edit|date=December 2025}} }} [[File:Playing with smartphone.jpg|thumb|A game being played on a [smartphone](/source/smartphone)]] {{Video Games}} A '''mobile game''' is a [video game](/source/video_game) played on a [mobile device](/source/mobile_device).{{cite book |last1=Dal |first1=Yong Jin |title=Mobile Gaming in Asia: Politics, Culture and Emerging Technologies |date=27 July 2016 |publisher=Springer |pages=6–7 |isbn=9789402408263 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o6rCDAAAQBAJ&q=definition+of+mobile+game&pg=PA6 |access-date=13 February 2021}} The term may also refer to any game played on any portable device, such as a [mobile phone](/source/mobile_phones), [tablet](/source/tablet_computer), [PDA](/source/Personal_digital_assistant), [handheld game console](/source/handheld_game_console), [portable media player](/source/portable_media_player) or [graphing calculator](/source/graphing_calculator), with or without [network availability](/source/network_availability). The earliest mobile phone game was a ''[Tetris](/source/Tetris)'' variant released on the [Hagenuk MT-2000](/source/Hagenuk_MT-2000) in 1994.{{cite web |title=This was the world's first cell phone with a game loaded |url=https://www.phonearena.com/news/This-was-the-worlds-first-cell-phone-with-a-game-loaded-on-it_id62920 |website=Phone Arena |date=16 November 2014 |access-date=16 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190522004814/https://www.phonearena.com/news/This-was-the-worlds-first-cell-phone-with-a-game-loaded-on-it_id62920 |archive-date=22 May 2019 |url-status=dead }}{{Cite web|last=Blog|first=Microsoft Devices|date=2013-01-16|title=10 things you didn't know about mobile gaming|url=https://blogs.windows.com/devices/2013/01/16/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-mobile-gaming-2/|access-date=2021-08-20|website=Microsoft Devices Blog|language=en-US}}{{cite web|author=Andreas Elmenthaler (Elmi) |url=http://www.handy-sammler.de/Handys/Hagenuk_MT-2000.htm |title=Hagenuk MT-2000 with Tetris |publisher=Handy-sammler.de |access-date=2013-08-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617124048/http://www.handy-sammler.de/Handys/Hagenuk_MT-2000.htm |archive-date=June 17, 2013 }} In 1997, [Nokia](/source/Nokia) launched ''[Snake](/source/Snake_(1998_video_game))''{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/A4303014 |title=Snake is born:a mobile gaming |language=nl |publisher=Nokia |access-date=2013-08-12 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090209232201/http://www.nokia.com/A4303014 |archive-date=February 9, 2009 }} which came [pre-installed](/source/pre-installed) on most Nokia devices. Snake was once recorded to be on 350 million devices worldwide.{{cite web|url=http://nokiaconnects.com/2011/02/15/7-nokia-world-records-that-will-blow-your-mind/ |title=7 Nokia World Records That Will Blow Your Mind |access-date=2013-08-12 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330201321/http://nokiaconnects.com/2011/02/15/7-nokia-world-records-that-will-blow-your-mind/ |archive-date=March 30, 2012 }}{{Better source needed|reason=Current source is from Nokia, which may be biased.|date=March 2026}} As technology advanced, users became able to shop for and download games onto their devices. Initially limited to stores controlled by mobile carriers, mobile gaming grew rapidly with the development of [app store](/source/app_store)s in 2008, such as [Apple's](/source/Apple_Inc) [iOS](/source/iOS) [App Store](/source/App_Store_(iOS)). The App Store was the first mobile content marketplace operated directly by a [mobile](/source/Mobile_operating_system)-[platform holder](/source/platform_holder), significantly altering [consumer behavior](/source/consumer_behavior) by increasing access to downloadable [mobile apps](/source/mobile_apps).{{cite web|vauthors=Behrmann M, Noyons M, Johnstone B, MacQueen D, Robertson E, Palm T, Point J |url=http://www.mobilegamearch.eu/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Mobile-Game-Arch_D3.1_06122012_PU.pdf |title=State of the Art of the European Mobile Games Industry |publisher= Mobile GameArch Project |year=2012 |access-date=2013-08-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170505184626/http://www.mobilegamearch.eu/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Mobile-Game-Arch_D3.1_06122012_PU.pdf |archive-date=2017-05-05 |url-status=dead}} Mobile gaming is the largest and most lucrative sector of the [video game industry](/source/video_game_industry) today, accounting for 49% of total global gaming revenue in 2025.{{cite web|url=https://sqmagazine.co.uk/video-games-industry-statistics/|title=Video Games Industry Statistics 2025: Revenue, Platforms & Trends|website=sqmagazine.co.uk|date=14 May 2025}} ==History== {{main|History of mobile games}} Toward the end of the 20th century, mobile phone ownership became ubiquitous in the industrialized world due to the establishment of industry standards, and the rapid fall in cost of handset ownership, and use driven by [economies of scale](/source/economies_of_scale). As a result of this explosion, technological advancement by handset manufacturers became rapid. With these technological advances, mobile phone games also became increasingly complex, using improvements in [display](/source/Display_device), [processing](/source/processing_power), [storage](/source/Storage_(memory)), [interfaces](/source/Interfaces_(computer_science)), [network bandwidth](/source/network_bandwidth) and [operating system](/source/operating_system) functionality. The first such game that indicated a demand for handset games was a version of ''[Snake](/source/Snake_(video_game_genre))'' that [Nokia](/source/Nokia) had included on its devices since 1997.{{cite web | url = https://www.pocketgamer.biz/feature/10619/a-brief-history-of-mobile-games-in-the-beginning-there-was-snake/ | title = A Brief History of Mobile Games: In the beginning, there was Snake | first = Chris | last = Wright | date = March 14, 2016 | access-date = August 18, 2020 | work = [PocketGamer](/source/PocketGamer) }} In 1999, [NTT Docomo](/source/NTT_Docomo) launched the [i-mode](/source/i-mode) mobile platform in Japan, allowing mobile games to be downloaded onto [smartphones](/source/smartphones). Several [Japanese video game](/source/Japanese_video_game) developers announced games for the i-mode platform that year, such as [Konami](/source/Konami) announcing its [dating simulation](/source/dating_simulation) ''[Tokimeki Memorial](/source/Tokimeki_Memorial)''. The same year, [Nintendo](/source/Nintendo) and [Bandai](/source/Bandai) were developing mobile phone adapters for their [handheld game consoles](/source/handheld_game_consoles), the [Game Boy Color](/source/Game_Boy_Color) and [WonderSwan](/source/WonderSwan), respectively.{{cite magazine |title=Mobiles: The New Gaming Platform (Big in Japan) |magazine=[Edge](/source/Edge_(magazine)) |date=24 November 1999 |issue=79 (December 1999) |page=10 |url=https://retrocdn.net/images/b/bb/Edge_UK_079.pdf#page=12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028021316/https://retrocdn.net/images/b/bb/Edge_UK_079.pdf |archive-date=28 October 2021 |url-status=live }} By 2001, i-mode had {{nowrap|20 million}} users in Japan, along with more advanced handsets with graphics comparable to [8-bit consoles](/source/Third_generation_of_video_game_consoles). A wide variety of games were available for the i-mode service, along with announcements from established [video game developers](/source/video_game_developers) such as [Taito](/source/Taito), Konami, [Namco](/source/Namco), and [Hudson Soft](/source/Hudson_Soft), including ports of [classic arcade games](/source/Golden_age_of_arcade_video_games) and 8-bit [console games](/source/console_games).{{cite magazine |title=Big guns join the iMode revolution |magazine=[Edge](/source/Edge_(magazine)) |date=26 February 2001 |issue=95 (March 2001) |pages=18–9 |url=https://retrocdn.net/images/2/2d/Edge_UK_095.pdf#page=18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714060203/https://retrocdn.net/images/2/2d/Edge_UK_095.pdf |archive-date=14 July 2018 |url-status=live }} [[File:Education Mobile Game (5018723826) (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|A cricket game being played on a 2007 [Nokia 8600 Luna](/source/Nokia_8600_Luna) phone]] By the mid-2000s there was a large market for mobile games, of which many were built on the [Java ME](/source/Java_ME) platform that many devices at the time supported. Earlier they could be obtained using [SMS](/source/SMS) short codes before manufacturers as well as [mobile network operators](/source/mobile_network_operators) started offering them for download both on the [Web](/source/Website) (on a PC to be transferred to the device) or directly via the air (using [GPRS](/source/GPRS), [3G](/source/3G) or [Wi-Fi](/source/Wi-Fi)).{{Cite web |title=Develop state-of-the-art mobile games |url=https://www.infoworld.com/article/2161565/mobile-java-develop-state-of-the-art-mobile-games.html |access-date=2024-09-12 |website=InfoWorld |language=en-US}} The launch of Apple's [iPhone](/source/iPhone) in 2007 and the [App Store](/source/App_Store_(iOS)) in 2008 altered the market. The iPhone's focus on larger memory, [multitasks](/source/Multitasking_(iOS)), and additional [sensing devices](/source/Sensing_element), including the [touchscreen](/source/touchscreen) in later models, made it suited for [casual game](/source/casual_game)s, while the App Store, which is also independent from [mobile carriers](/source/mobile_carriers), made it easy for developers to create and publish apps, and for users to search for and obtain new games. Further, the App Store added the ability to support [in-app purchase](/source/microtransaction)s in October 2009. This allowed games like ''[Angry Birds](/source/Angry_Birds)'' and ''[Cut the Rope](/source/Cut_the_Rope)'' to find new [monetization models](/source/Monetization_model) away from the traditional [premium](/source/Premium_(marketing)) "pay once" model. Meanwhile, Apple's market entry caused the market to stabilize around iPhone devices and [Google's](/source/Google's) [Android](/source/Android_(operating_system))-based phones which offered a similar app store through [Google Play](/source/Google_Play). A further major shift came with 2012's ''[Candy Crush Saga](/source/Candy_Crush_Saga)'' and ''[Puzzle & Dragons](/source/Puzzle_%26_Dragons)'', games that used a stamina-like gameplay feature found in [social-network game](/source/social-network_game)s like ''[FarmVille](/source/FarmVille)'' to limit the number of times one could play it in a single period, but allowed optional [in-app purchases](/source/in-app_purchases) to restore that stamina immediately and continue playing. This new monetization brought in millions of players to both games and millions of [dollars](/source/United_States_dollar) in revenue, establishing the "[freemium](/source/freemium)" model that would be a common, but controversial approach for many mobile games going forward.{{Cite web |last=Girl |first=A. Gamer |date=2023-03-24 |title=Why are mobile games so full of microtransactions? |url=https://www.gameslearningsociety.org/why-are-mobile-games-so-full-of-microtransactions/ |access-date=2026-04-28 |website=Games Learning Society |language=en-US}} Mobile gaming grew rapidly over the next several years, buoyed by rapid expansion in [China](/source/China). By 2016, top mobile games were earning over {{USD|100 million}} a year, and the total revenue for the mobile games sector had surpassed that of other video game areas.{{cite web | url = https://venturebeat.com/2017/07/13/mobile-game-revenue-finally-surpasses-pc-and-consoles/ | title = Mobile game revenue finally surpasses PC and consoles | first = Stephanie | last = Chan | date = July 13, 2017 | access-date = January 8, 2018 | work = [Venture Beat](/source/Venture_Beat) }} Other major trends in mobile games include [hyper-casual games](/source/hyper-casual_game) such as ''[Flappy Bird](/source/Flappy_Bird)'' and ''[Crossy Road](/source/Crossy_Road)'' and [location-based game](/source/location-based_game)s like ''[Pokémon Go](/source/Pok%C3%A9mon_Go)''. Mobile gaming has impacted the larger video game market by drawing demand away from [handheld video game console](/source/handheld_video_game_console)s; both [Nintendo](/source/Nintendo) and [Sony](/source/Sony) had seen major drops in sales of their [eighth generation](/source/Eighth_generation_of_video_game_consoles) handhelds compared to their [seventh](/source/Seventh_generation_of_video_game_consoles) generation predecessors as a result of mobile gaming.{{cite web | url = https://www.theverge.com/2021/6/24/22545198/playstation-vita-10-year-anniversary-sony-handheld | title = 'The Little Handheld That Could': Examining The Vita's Impact A Decade Later | first= George | last= Yang | date = June 24, 2021 | accessdate = June 24, 2021 | work = [The Verge](/source/The_Verge) }} At the same time, mobile gaming introduced the concept of [microconsole](/source/microconsole)s, low-cost, low-powered [home video game console](/source/home_video_game_console)s that used mobile operating systems to take advantage of the wide variety of games available on these platforms.{{cite web | url = https://fortune.com/2014/10/16/android-tv-video-games-google/ | title = How Android TV is a (video) game changer | first= John | last = Gaudiosi | date = October 16, 2014 | accessdate = June 21, 2021 | work = [Fortune](/source/Fortune_(magazine)) }} ===Calculator games=== [[File:TI83tris.JPG|thumb|right|Clone of ''[Tetris](/source/Tetris)'' being played on a modified [TI-83 Plus](/source/TI-83_Plus)]] [[File:TI-84 Portal.jpg|thumb|A fan-made game similar to the game ''[Portal](/source/Portal_(game))'']] Calculator gaming is a form of gaming in which [games](/source/Video_game) are played on [programmable calculator](/source/programmable_calculator)s, especially [graphing calculator](/source/graphing_calculator)s. In 1980, [Casio](/source/Casio)'s MG-880 [pocket calculator](/source/pocket_calculator) had a built-in "Invaders" game (essentially a downscaled ''[Space Invaders](/source/Space_Invaders)'' clone),{{cite magazine |title=Technology: The games that aliens play |magazine=[New Scientist](/source/New_Scientist) |date=18 December 1980 |volume=88 |issue=1232–1233 |page=782 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ainC3-wuz_kC&pg=PA782 |publisher=[Reed Business Information](/source/Reed_Business_Information) |issn=0262-4079 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} released in the Summer that year.{{cite web |last1=Porter |first1=Matt |title=Episode 131 - Retro Gadgets - Part One - Casio MG-880 Music and Game Calculator |url=https://www.thegadgetman.org.uk/gadget-man-episode-131-retro-gadgets-part-one-casio-mg-880-music-and-game-calculator/ |website=The Gadget Man: Technology News and Reviews |access-date=2 December 2021 |date=11 May 2019}} Another early example is the [type-in program](/source/type-in_program) ''[Darth Vader's](/source/Darth_Vader) Force Battle'' for the [TI-59](/source/TI-59), published in ''[BYTE](/source/BYTE)'' in October 1980.{{cite news | url=https://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1980-10/1980_10_BYTE_05-10_Software#page/n51/mode/2up | title=Darth Vader's Force Battle | work=BYTE | date=October 1980 | access-date=14 June 2014 | author=Jackson, Clete | pages=50–54}} The magazine also published a version of ''[Hunt the Wumpus](/source/Hunt_the_Wumpus)'' for the [HP-41C](/source/HP-41C).{{cite news | url=https://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1981-03/1981_03_BYTE_06-03_Programming_Methods#page/n231/mode/2up | title=Hunt the Wumpus with Your HP-41C | work=BYTE | date=February 1981 | access-date=18 October 2013 | author=Librach, Hank | pages=230, 232}} Few other games exist for the earliest of programmable calculators (including the [Hewlett-Packard 9100A](/source/Hewlett-Packard_9100A), one of the first scientific calculators), such as the long-popular ''[Lunar Lander](/source/Lunar_Lander_(video_game_series))'' game often used as an early programming exercise. However, limited program address space and a lack of easy program storage made calculator gaming a rarity even as programmables became cheap and relatively easy to obtain. It was not until the early 1990s that [graphing calculator](/source/graphing_calculator)s became more powerful and cheap enough to be common among [high school](/source/high_school) students for use in mathematics. The new graphing calculators, with their ability to transfer files to one another and from a [computer](/source/computer) for backup, could double as game consoles. Calculators such as [HP-48](/source/HP-48) and [TI-82](/source/TI-82) could be programmed in proprietary [programming language](/source/programming_language)s such as [RPL programming language](/source/RPL_programming_language) or [TI-BASIC](/source/TI-BASIC) directly on the calculator; programs could also be written in [assembly language](/source/assembly_language) or (less often) [C](/source/C_(programming_language)) on a desktop computer and transferred to the calculator. As calculators became more powerful and memory sizes increased, games increased in complexity. By the 1990s, programmable calculators were able to run implementations by hobbyists of games such as ''[Lemmings](/source/Lemmings_(video_game))'' and ''[Doom](/source/Doom_(1993_video_game))'' (Lemmings for [HP-48](/source/HP-48) was released in 1993;{{cite web|url=http://www.xeye.org/1995-2000/LemmGames.html |title=Lemming Games |publisher=Xeye.org |date=1997-04-06 |access-date=2013-08-12}} Doom for HP-48 was created in 1995{{cite web|url=http://hpfool.free.fr/doom/images/index.html |title=Le projet Doom |publisher=Hpfool.free.fr |date=2001-01-07 |access-date=2013-08-12}}). Some games such as [Dope Wars](/source/Dope_Wars) caused controversy when students played them in school. The look and feel of these games on an HP-48 class calculator, due to the lack of dedicated audio and video circuitry providing hardware acceleration, can at most be compared to the one offered by 8-bit handheld consoles such as the early [Game Boy](/source/Game_Boy_line) or the [Gameking](/source/Gameking) ([low resolution](/source/low_resolution), [monochrome](/source/monochrome) or [grayscale](/source/grayscale) graphics), or to the built-in games of non-[Java](/source/Java_virtual_machine) or [BREW](/source/BREW) enabled [cell phone](/source/cell_phone)s.{{cite web|author=Eric Rechlin |url=http://www.hpcalc.org/hp48/games/arcade/ |title=HP 48 Arcade Games |publisher=Hpcalc.org |access-date=2013-08-12}} Games continue to be programmed on graphing calculators with increasing complexity. A wave of games appeared after the release of the [TI-83 Plus](/source/TI-83_plus)/[TI-84 Plus series](/source/TI-84_Plus_series), among TI's first graphing calculators to natively support assembly. [TI-BASIC](/source/TI-BASIC) programming also rose in popularity after the release of third-party libraries. [Assembly](/source/Assembly_language) remained the language of choice for these calculators, which run on a [Zilog Z80](/source/Zilog_Z80) processor, although some assembly implementations have been created to ease the difficulty of learning assembly language. For those running on a [Motorola 68000](/source/Motorola_68000) processor (like the [TI-89](/source/TI-89)), C programming (possibly using TIGCC) has begun to displace assembly. Because they are easy to program without outside tools, calculator games have survived despite the proliferation of [mobile device](/source/mobile_device)s such as [mobile phone](/source/mobile_phone)s and [PDA](/source/Personal_digital_assistant)s. ==Different platforms== {{main|Mobile software}} Mobile games have been developed to run on a wide variety of platforms and technologies including the (today largely defunct) [Palm OS](/source/Palm_OS), [Symbian](/source/Symbian), [Adobe Flash Lite](/source/Adobe_Flash_Lite), [NTT DoCoMo](/source/NTT_DoCoMo)'s [DoJa](/source/DoJa), [Sun](/source/Sun_Microsystems)'s [Java](/source/Java_(programming_language)), [Qualcomm](/source/Qualcomm)'s [BREW](/source/BREW), [WIPI](/source/WIPI_(platform)), [BlackBerry](/source/BlackBerry), [Nook](/source/Nook) and early incarnations of [Windows Mobile](/source/Windows_Mobile). Today, the most widely supported platforms are [Apple](/source/Apple_Inc.)'s [iOS](/source/iOS) and [Google](/source/Google)'s [Android](/source/Android_(operating_system)). The mobile version of [Microsoft](/source/Microsoft)'s [Windows 10](/source/Windows_10) (formerly [Windows Phone](/source/Windows_Phone)) is also actively supported, although it holds a lower market share relative to iOS and Android. [Java](/source/Java_(programming_language)) was at one time the most common platform for mobile games; its performance limits led to the adoption of various native binary formats for more sophisticated games. Due to its ease of porting between mobile operating systems and extensive developer community, [Unity](/source/Unity_(game_engine)) is one of the most widely used engines used by modern mobile games. Apple provides a number of proprietary technologies (such as [Metal](/source/Metal_(API))) made for mobile developers. ==Monetization== {{seealso|Video game monetization}} With the introduction of the [iOS App Store](/source/iOS_App_Store) and support for in-app purchases by October 2009, the methods through which mobile games earn revenue have diverged significantly from traditional game models on consoles or computers. Since 2009, a number of models have been developed, and a mobile game developer/publisher may use one or a combination of these models to make revenue.{{cite web|url=http://qz.com/191931/the-phenomenal-growth-of-the-mobile-games-industry-in-charts/|title=This simple pricing strategy has driven the phenomenal growth of mobile gaming|first=John|last=McDuling|date=25 March 2014 }} ;Premium :The premium model is akin to the traditional model where the user pays for the full game upfront. Additional [downloadable content](/source/downloadable_content) may be available which can be purchased separately. Initial games released to the App Store before in-app purchases were available used this approach, and it is still common for many types of games. ;Freemium :The [freemium](/source/freemium) or "free to try" model offers a small portion of the game for free, comparable to a [game demo](/source/game_demo). After completing this, the player is given the option to make a one-time in-app purchase to unlock the rest of the game. Early games shortly after the introduction of the in-app purchase feature used this approach such as ''[Cut the Rope](/source/Cut_the_Rope)'' and ''[Fruit Ninja](/source/Fruit_Ninja)''. ;Free-to-play :A [free-to-play](/source/free-to-play) game requires no cost at all to play, and generally is designed to be playable from start to finish without having to spend any money in the game. However, the game will include gameplay mechanics that may slow progress towards completing the game. Commonly in mobile games, this is some form of energy or stamina that limits how many turns or actions a player can take each day. By using in-app purchases, the player can immediately restore their energy or stamina and continue. In-app purchases can also be used to buy power-ups and other items to give the player a limited-time advantage to help complete the game. While free-to-play games had been common on computers before mobile, the method was popularized in mobile gaming with ''[Candy Crush Saga](/source/Candy_Crush_Saga)'' and ''[Puzzle & Dragons](/source/Puzzle_%26_Dragons)''. thumb|A mobile game displaying a full-screen interstitial ad for a different game ;Advertising-supported :An [ad-supported](/source/Ad-supported_software) game will be free to download and play, but periodically or persistently, the game will show an advertisement to the user which they will have to watch through before they can continue with the game. The [developer](/source/Developer_(software)) earns revenue from the advertising network. In some cases, an in-app purchase allows the player to fully disable ads in these games. ;Subscription model :A [subscription-based game](/source/Subscription_business_model) will offer a base version with limited features that can be played for free, but additional premium features can be obtained if the user pays a monthly subscription fee. If they terminate their subscription, they lose access to those features, though typically not any game progression related to those features, and can pick up those features later by restarting their subscription. Many game apps are free to play through a combination of these models. Over time, mobile developers of these types of apps have observed that the bulk of their players do not spend any funds on their game, but instead revenues are generated from a small fraction, typically under 10% of their total players. Further, most of the revenue is generated by a very small fraction, about 2% of the total players, who routinely spend large amounts of money on the game. A similar split on revenue had been seen in [social-network game](/source/social-network_game)s played in [browsers](/source/Internet_Browser). These players are colloquially termed "whales", inspired by the same term used for [high rolling gamblers](/source/High_roller). The social nature of a mobile game has also been found to affect its revenue, as games that encourage players to work in teams or clans will lead to increased spending from engaged players.{{cite web | url = https://venturebeat.com/2013/03/14/whales-and-why-social-gamers-are-just-gamers/view-all/ | title = What it means to be a 'whale' — and why social gamers are just gamers |first =Stephanie | last= Carmichael | date = March 14, 2013 | access-date = August 21, 2020 | work = [VentureBeat](/source/VentureBeat) }} Total global [revenue](/source/Total_revenue) from mobile games was estimated at $2.6 billion in 2005 by [''Informa Telecoms'' and ''Media''](/source/Informa_Telecoms_%26_Media). Total revenue in 2008 was $5.8 billion. The largest mobile gaming markets were in the [Asia-Pacific](/source/Asia-Pacific) nations [Japan](/source/Japan) and [China](/source/China), followed by the [United States](/source/United_States).{{cite web|url=http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/May2005/1459.htm |title=Global mobile game industry turnover reaches $2.6 billion by 2005 |publisher=3g.co.uk |date=2005-05-19 |access-date=2013-08-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231447/http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/May2005/1459.htm |archive-date=2016-03-03 |url-status=dead}} In 2012, the market had already reached $7.8 billion{{cite web|url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2012-11-28-the-state-of-mobile-game-development |title= The State of Mobile Game Development |date= 28 November 2012 |publisher=gamesindustry.biz |access-date=2013-11-06}} A new report was released in November 2015 showing that 1887 app developers would make more than one million dollars on the Google and iOS app stores in 2015.{{cite journal|last1=Salz|first1=Peggy Anne|title=The Changing Economics of App Development|url=https://hbr.org/2015/11/the-changing-economics-of-app-development|journal=Harvard Business Review|publisher=Hank Boye|access-date=23 May 2016|date=4 November 2015}} Mobile gaming revenue reached $50.4 billion in 2017, occupying 43% of the entire global gaming market with projections indicating continued growth.{{cite web|last1=Wijman |first1=Tom |title=New Gaming Boom: Newzoo Ups Its 2017 Global Games Market Estimate to $116.0Bn Growing to $143.5Bn in 2020|url=https://newzoo.com/insights/articles/new-gaming-boom-newzoo-ups-its-2017-global-games-market-estimate-to-116-0bn-growing-to-143-5bn-in-2020/|website=newzoo.com|publisher=Newzoo|date=28 November 2017|access-date=12 July 2018}} It is expected to surpass the combined revenues from both [PC gaming](/source/PC_gaming) and [console gaming](/source/console_gaming) in 2018.{{cite web|last1=Wijman |first1=Tom |title=Mobile Revenues Account for More Than 50% of the Global Games Market as It Reaches $137.9 Billion in 2018|url=https://newzoo.com/insights/articles/global-games-market-reaches-137-9-billion-in-2018-mobile-games-take-half/|website=newzoo.com|publisher=Newzoo|date=30 April 2018|access-date=12 July 2018}} ==Common limits of mobile games== Mobile games tend to be small in scope (in relation to mainstream PC and console games). Storage and memory limitations (sometimes dictated at the platform level) place constraints on file size that presently rule out the direct migration of many modern PC and console games to mobile. One major problem for developers and publishers of mobile games is describing a game in such detail that it gives the customer enough information to make a purchasing decision. ==Location-based mobile games== Games played on a mobile device using localization technology like [GPS](/source/GPS) are called [location-based game](/source/location-based_game)s or [location-based mobile game](/source/location-based_mobile_game)s.{{Citation | editor1-last= von Borries | editor1-first= Friedrich | editor2-last= Walz | editor2-first= Steffen P. | editor3-last= Böttger | editor3-first= Matthias | title = Space Time Play | place = Basel, Boston, Berlin | publisher = Birkhäuser Verlag AG | year = 2007 | url = http://spacetimeplay.org | isbn = 978-3-7643-8414-2}} These are not only played on mobile hardware but also integrate the player's position into the game concept. In other words, while it does not matter for a normal mobile game where exactly the player is (play them anywhere at any time), the player's [coordinate](/source/coordinate) and movement are the main elements in a location-based mobile game. A well-known example is the outdoor recreational activity of [geocaching](/source/geocaching), which can be played on any mobile device with an integrated or external GPS receiver. External GPS receivers are usually connected via [Bluetooth](/source/Bluetooth).{{Cite web|title=GPS Hardware|url=https://serc.carleton.edu/research_education/geopad/GPS_hardware.html|access-date=2021-09-02|website=Teaching with GeoPads|language=en}} Several other location-based mobile games, such as the 2001 game ''[BotFighters](/source/BotFighters)'', were closer to research [prototypes](/source/prototypes) rather than being commercial successes. Location-based mobile games sometimes have [augmented reality](/source/augmented_reality) functionality, such as in the case of the 2016 game ''[Pokémon Go](/source/Pok%C3%A9mon_Go)''. Usually in these cases the augmented reality functionality is not at the center of the experience. ==Augmented reality games== {{Main|Augmented reality}} Mobile devices have been used as a platform for Augmented reality (AR in short) games, using the device's camera as an input for the game. While playing the game, the player aims the device's camera at a location and via the device's screen, sees the area captured by the camera plus [computer-generated graphics](/source/computer-generated_graphics) atop it, augmenting the display and then allowing the player to [interact](/source/Human%E2%80%93computer_interaction) that way.{{Citation needed|date=January 2022}} The graphics are generally drawn to make the generated image appear to be part of the captured background, and will be rendered accurately as the player moves the device around.{{Citation needed|date=January 2022}} The most successful and notable example for a mobile game that has an augmented reality feature is ''[Pokémon Go](/source/Pok%C3%A9mon_Go)'' (2016), where the player travels to locations marked on their GPS map and then can enable the augmented reality mode to find [Pokémon creatures](/source/Pok%C3%A9mon) to capture.{{cite web | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/12/technology/pokemon-go-brings-augmented-reality-to-a-mass-audience.html | title = Pokémon Go Brings Augmented Reality to a Mass Audience | first1 = Nick | last1 = Wingfield | first2 = Mike | last2= Isaac | date = July 11, 2016 | access-date = February 16, 2017 | work = [The New York Times](/source/The_New_York_Times) }} However, as of January 2022 there has been a lack of significant AR mobile game success since, with several such game projects being shut down, such as [Microsoft](/source/Microsoft)'s [Minecraft Earth](/source/Minecraft_Earth) and Niantic's [Catan: World Explorers](/source/Catan%3A_World_Explorers){{Cite web|last=Campbell|first=Ian Carlos|date=2021-09-17|title=Niantic is shutting down its AR Catan game after a year of early access|url=https://www.theverge.com/2021/9/17/22680166/niantic-catan-world-explorers-shutdown-early-access|access-date=2022-01-04|website=The Verge|language=en}}{{Cite web|last=Webster|first=Andrew|date=2021-11-03|title=There will never be another Pokémon Go|url=https://www.theverge.com/2021/11/3/22761166/pokemon-go-ar-games-future-pikmin-harry-potter|access-date=2022-01-04|website=The Verge|language=en}}{{Cite web|last=Warren|first=Tom|date=2021-01-05|title=Microsoft's ambitious Minecraft Earth game is closing down on June 30th|url=https://www.theverge.com/2021/1/5/22215253/minecraft-earth-closing-down-june-2021-microsoft|access-date=2022-01-04|website=The Verge|language=en}} == Multipurpose games == Since mobile devices have become present in the majority of households (at least in the [developed countries](/source/developed_countries)), there are more and more games created with [educational](/source/Educational_technology), [lifestyle](/source/lifestyle), [health](/source/health) improvement purposes. For example, mobile games can be used in [speech-language pathology](/source/speech-language_pathology), children's [rehabilitation](/source/Rehabilitation_(penology)) in hospitals, acquiring new useful or healthy habits, memorizing information, and learning languages. Also, apps with similar purposes which are not strictly games are called ''gamified apps''. Sometimes, it is difficult to differentiate multipurpose games and gamified apps. ==Multiplayer mobile games== Many mobile games support multiple players, either remotely over a network or locally via [Wi-Fi](/source/Wi-Fi), Bluetooth or similar technology. There are several options for playing [multiplayer games](/source/multiplayer_games) on mobile phones: live [synchronous](/source/synchronous) [tournaments](/source/tournaments) and [turn-based](/source/turn-based) [asynchronous](/source/asynchrony_(game_theory)) tournaments. In live tournaments random players from around the world are matched together to compete. This is done using different networks such as [Game Center](/source/Game_Center), [Google Play Games](/source/Google_Play_Games), and [Facebook](/source/Facebook). In asynchronous tournaments, there are two methods used by game developers centered around the idea that players' matches are recorded and then [broadcast](/source/broadcast) at a later time to other players in the same tournament. Asynchronous gameplay resolves the issue of needing players to have a continuous live connection. This gameplay is different since players take individual turns in the game, therefore allowing them to continue playing against human opponents. This is done using different networks including [Facebook](/source/Facebook). Some companies use a regular turn-based system where the end results are posted so all the players can see who won the tournament. Other companies take [screen recordings](/source/Screencast) of live players and broadcast them to other players at a later point in time to allow players to feel that they are always interacting with another human opponent. ==Distribution== Mobile games can be distributed in one of four ways: * Over the Air (OTA): a game [binary file](/source/binary_file) is delivered to the mobile device via wireless carrier networks. * [Sideloaded](/source/Sideloading): a game binary file is loaded onto the phone while connected to a PC, either via [USB](/source/USB) cable or [Bluetooth](/source/Bluetooth). * Pre-installed: a game binary file is preloaded onto the device by the [original equipment manufacturer](/source/original_equipment_manufacturer) (OEM). * [Mobile browser](/source/Mobile_browser) download: a game file is downloaded directly from a mobile website. Until the launch of Apple App Store, in the US, the majority of mobile games were sold by wireless carriers, such as [AT&T Mobility](/source/AT%26T_Mobility), [Verizon Wireless](/source/Verizon_Wireless), [Sprint Corporation](/source/Sprint_Corporation) and [T-Mobile US](/source/T-Mobile_US). In [Europe](/source/Europe), games were distributed equally between carriers and off-deck, third-party stores. After the launch of Apple App Store, the mobile OS platforms like Apple [iOS](/source/iOS), Google [Android](/source/Android_(operating_system)), and Microsoft [Windows Phone](/source/Windows_Phone), the mobile OS developers themselves have launched digital download storefronts that can be run on the devices using the OS or from software used on PCs. These storefronts (like Apple's iOS [App Store](/source/App_Store_(iOS))) act as centralized digital download services from which a variety of entertainment media and software can be downloaded, including games and nowadays the majority of games are distributed through them. The popularity of mobile games has increased in the 2000s, as over US$3 billion worth of games were sold internationally in 2007, and is projected to have an annual growth of over 40%. Ownership of a smartphone alone increases the likelihood that a consumer will play mobile games. Over 90% of smartphone users play a mobile game at least once a week.{{cite web|author=Kathy Crosett |url=http://www.marketingforecast.com/archives/10608 |title=Mobile Game Marketing to Increase | Marketing Forecast from Ad-ology |date=2011-03-18 |access-date=2013-08-12 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321162003/http://www.marketingforecast.com/archives/10608 |archive-date=March 21, 2012 }} Many mobile games are distributed free to the end user, but carry paid advertising: examples are ''[Flappy Bird](/source/Flappy_Bird)'' and ''[Doodle Jump](/source/Doodle_Jump)''. The latter follows the "freemium" model, in which the base game is free but additional items for the game can be purchased separately. Some of the most popular mobile game developers and publishers include [Gameloft](/source/Gameloft) and [King](/source/King_(company)).{{cite web |url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2005/09/19/mobile-luminaries-michel-guillemot |title=Mobile Luminaries: Michel Guillemot |first=Levi |last=Buchanan |date=19 September 2005 |website=IGN |access-date=20 July 2018 |archive-date=20 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720170202/http://www.ign.com/articles/2005/09/19/mobile-luminaries-michel-guillemot |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |date=2023-09-27 |title=Celebrating 20 Years of Gaming Excellence: King's Milestone Journey |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20230927734494/en/Celebrating-20-Years-of-Gaming-Excellence-Kings-Milestone-Journey |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=www.businesswire.com |language=en}} ==See also== *{{annotated link|Digital zombie}} *[iPod game](/source/iPod_game) *[Handheld electronic game](/source/Handheld_electronic_game) *[Handheld game console](/source/Handheld_game_console) *[Handheld video game](/source/Handheld_video_game) *[List of most-played mobile games by player count](/source/List_of_most-played_mobile_games_by_player_count) *[Mobile app](/source/Mobile_app) *[Mobile gambling](/source/Mobile_gambling) *[Mobile development](/source/Mobile_development) *[N-Gage (device)](/source/N-Gage_(device)) *[Scalable Network Application Package](/source/Scalable_Network_Application_Package) *[Transreality gaming](/source/Transreality_gaming) ==References== {{reflist|30em}} {{Mobile phones}} {{Video game platforms}} {{Pervasive games}} Category:Mobile games Game Category:Video game platforms Category:Video game terminology --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Mobile game](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_game) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_game?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.