# Minous

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Genus of fishes

Minous Grey stingfish (M. monodactylus) Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes Family: Synanceiidae Subfamily: Choridactylinae Tribe: Minoini Jordan & Starks, 1904[1] Genus: Minous G. Cuvier, 1829 Type species Scorpaena monodactyla Bloch & Schneider, 1801[2] Synonyms[2] Corythobatus Cantor, 1849 Decterias Jordan & Starks, 1904 Lysodermus Smith & Pope, 1906 Paraminous Fowler, 1943

***Minous***, is a genus of marine [ray-finned fishes](/source/Ray-finned_fishes), it is the only [genus](/source/Genus) in the [tribe](/source/Tribe_(biology)) **Minoini**, one of the three tribes which are [classified](/source/Classification_of_living_organisms) within the [subfamily](/source/Subfamily) [Synanceiinae](/source/Synanceiinae) within the [family](/source/Family_(taxonomy)) [Scorpaenidae](/source/Scorpaenidae), the scorpionfishes and their relatives. They are commonly known as **stingfishes**. They are found in the [Indo-West Pacific](/source/Indo-Pacific).

Painted stinger (*Minous pictus*)

## Taxonomy

*Minous* was first described as a genus by the French [zoologist](/source/Zoologist) [Georges Cuvier](/source/Georges_Cuvier), in 1876 [Pieter Bleeker](/source/Pieter_Bleeker) designated *Minous monodactylus*, which had originally been [described](/source/Species_description) as *Scorpaena monodactyla* by Bloch and Schneider in 1801, as its [type species](/source/Type_species).[2] It is the only genus in the tribe Minoini within the subfamily Synanceiinae of the family Scorpaenidae.[3] However, some authorities classify this taxon as a subfamily, Minoinae,[4] Others include it within the subfamily Choridactylinae, within the family Synanceiidae.[2]

The genus name, *Minous*, is a [latinisation](/source/Latinisation_of_names) of *woorah minooh*, the name that in 1803 the herpetologist [Patrick Russell](/source/Patrick_Russell_(herpetologist)) reported was used for the type species in [Vizagapatam](/source/Vizagapatam) on the [Coromandel Coast](/source/Coromandel_Coast) in India.[5]

## Species

There are currently 15 recognized species in this genus:[4]

- *[Minous andriashevi](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Minous_andriashevi&action=edit&redlink=1)* [Mandritsa](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sergey_Anatolyevich_Mandritsa&action=edit&redlink=1), 1990

- *[Minous coccineus](/source/Minous_coccineus)* [Alcock](/source/Alfred_William_Alcock), 1890 (Onestick stingfish)

- *[Minous dempsterae](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Minous_dempsterae&action=edit&redlink=1)* [Eschmeyer](/source/William_N._Eschmeyer), [Hallacher](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leon_E._Hallacher&action=edit&redlink=1) & [Rama Rao](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaza_V._Rama_Rao&action=edit&redlink=1), 1979 (Oblique-banded stingfish)

- *[Minous groeneveldi](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Minous_groeneveldi&action=edit&redlink=1)* [Matsunuma](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mizuki_Matsunuma&action=edit&redlink=1) & [Motomura](/source/Hiroyuki_Motomura), 2018[6] (Groeneveld’s stingfish)[7]

- *[Minous inermis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Minous_inermis&action=edit&redlink=1)* Alcock, 1889 (Alcock's scorpionfish)

- *[Minous longimanus](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Minous_longimanus&action=edit&redlink=1)* [Regan](/source/Charles_Tate_Regan), 1908

- *[Minous monodactylus](/source/Minous_monodactylus)* ([Bloch](/source/Marcus_Elieser_Bloch) & [J. G. Schneider](/source/Johann_Gottlob_Schneider), 1801) (Grey stingfish)

- *[Minous pictus](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Minous_pictus&action=edit&redlink=1)* [Günther](/source/Albert_G%C3%BCnther), 1880 (Painted stinger)

- *[Minous pusillus](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Minous_pusillus&action=edit&redlink=1)* [Temminck](/source/Coenraad_Jacob_Temminck) & [Schlegel](/source/Hermann_Schlegel), 1843 (Dwarf stingfish)

- *[Minous quincarinatus](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Minous_quincarinatus&action=edit&redlink=1)* ([Fowler](/source/Henry_Weed_Fowler), 1943)

- *[Minous radiatus](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Minous_radiatus&action=edit&redlink=1)* Matsunuma & Motomura, 2018[6]

- *[Minous roseus](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Minous_roseus&action=edit&redlink=1)* Matsunuma & Motomura, 2018 [6]

- *[Minous trachycephalus](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Minous_trachycephalus&action=edit&redlink=1)* ([Bleeker](/source/Pieter_Bleeker), 1855) (Striped stingfish)

- *[Minous usachevi](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Minous_usachevi&action=edit&redlink=1)* Mandritsa, 1993

- *[Minous versicolor](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Minous_versicolor&action=edit&redlink=1)* [J. D. Ogilby](/source/James_Douglas_Ogilby), 1910 (Plum-striped stingfish)

## Characteristics

*Minous* stingishes are small, most are less than 15 cm (5.9 in) in [total length](/source/Total_length) with mainly scaleless bodies. the lowest ray of the [pectoral fin](/source/Pectoral_fin) is detached from the fin and is tipped with a cap.[8] The dorsal fins have between 8 and 12 spines and 10 and 14 soft rays, although there is one species with only 4 spines and 18 soft rays. The [anal fin](/source/Anal_fin) has 2 spine and between 7 and 11 soft rays. Their pelvic fin has a single spine and 5 soft rays and the pectoral fin has 12 soft rays. The soft fin rays are unbranched. They may or may not have a swim bladder.[3]

## Distribution and habitat

*Minous* stingfishes are found in the Indo-Pacific region from the [Red Sea](/source/Red_Sea)[9] east into the Western pacific, north to Japan and south to Australia.[8] These fishes are found on mud and sand bottoms where they use the detached lower pectoral fin rays to walk over the substrate.[3]

## Biology

*Minous* stingfishes have a venom gland at the base of their fin spines with an anterolateral glandular groove in the spine which takes the venom to the tip.[10] Some species are known to have [commensal relationships](/source/Commensalism) with hydroids in the order [Anthoathecata](/source/Anthoathecata), there are records of commensalism between various species of *Minous* and the hydroids of *[Hydractinia minoi](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hydractinia_minoi&action=edit&redlink=1)*.[8]

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-VDLEF_1-0)** Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014). ["Family-group names of Recent fishes"](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268078514). *Zootaxa*. **3882** (2): 001–230. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1](https://doi.org/10.11646%2Fzootaxa.3882.1.1). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [25543675](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25543675).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-CofF_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-CofF_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-CofF_2-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-CofF_2-3) Fricke, Ron; [Eschmeyer, William N.](/source/William_N._Eschmeyer) & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). ["Genera in the family Synanceiidae"](http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatget.asp?tbl=genus&family=Synanceiidae). *[Catalog of Fishes](/source/Catalog_of_Fishes)*. [California Academy of Sciences](/source/California_Academy_of_Sciences). Retrieved 31 March 2022.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Nelson5_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Nelson5_3-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Nelson5_3-2) J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). [*Fishes of the World*](https://sites.google.com/site/fotw5th/) (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 468–475. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-118-34233-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-118-34233-6).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Fishbase_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Fishbase_4-1) [Froese, Rainer](/source/Rainer_Froese); [Pauly, Daniel](/source/Daniel_Pauly) (eds.). ["Species in genus *Minous*"](https://www.fishbase.org/identification/SpeciesList.php?genus=Minous). *[FishBase](/source/FishBase)*. February 2022 version.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-ETYFish_5-0)** Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (10 March 2022). ["Order Perciformes (Part 10): Suborder Scorpaenoidei: Families Apistidae, Tetrarogidae, Synanceiidae, Aploacrinidae, Perryenidae, Eschmeyeridae, Pataceidae, Gnathanacanthidae, Congiopodidae and Zanclorhynchidae"](https://etyfish.org/perciformes10/). *The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database*. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 31 March 2022.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-M&M2018_6-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-M&M2018_6-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-M&M2018_6-2) Matsunama, Mizuki; Motomura, Hiroyuki (2018-08-02). ["Three new species of the Indo-Pacific stingfish genus Minous (Synanceiidae: Minoinae) with redescriptions of M. trachycephalus (Bleeker 1855) and M. pictus Günther 1880"](https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4455.2.1). *Zootaxa*. **4455** (2): 201–257. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.11646/zootaxa.4455.2.1](https://doi.org/10.11646%2Fzootaxa.4455.2.1). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [1175-5334](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1175-5334). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [30314209](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30314209).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** ["アダヒメオコゼ"](https://churaumi.okinawa/fishbook/1617442965/). *沖縄美ら海水族館* (in Japanese). Retrieved 2021-06-17.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Eschmeyer1979_8-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Eschmeyer1979_8-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Eschmeyer1979_8-2) Eschmeyer, W. N.; Hallacher, L. E.; and Rama-Rao, K. V. (1979). ["The scorpionfish genus *Minous* (Scorpaenidae, Monoinae) including a new species from the Indian Ocean"](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15691892#page/485/mode/1up). *Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences*. **41** (20): 453–473.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Matsunum2017_9-0)** Mizuki Matsunuma; Sergey V. Bogorodsky; Ahmad O. Mal; Yukino Ando & Hiroyuki Motomura (2017). ["Reinstatement of *Minous inermis* and *M. trachycephalus* (Synanceiidae) to the checklist of Red Sea fishes, with comments on *M. monodactylus*"](https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12526-017-0716-1). *Marine Biodiversity*. **47** (4): 1287–1291. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2017MarBd..47.1287M](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MarBd..47.1287M). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1007/s12526-017-0716-1](https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12526-017-0716-1).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Smith2006_10-0)** William Leo Smith; Ward C. Wheeler (2006). ["Venom Evolution Widespread in Fishes: A Phylogenetic Road Map for the Bioprospecting of Piscine Venoms"](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjhered%2Fesj034). *Journal of Heredity*. **97** (3): 206–217. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1093/jhered/esj034](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjhered%2Fesj034). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [16740627](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16740627).

## External links

- [Video of habits on sea floor](https://web.archive.org/web/20170605043048/http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/news/170602-bali-stingfish-mystery-vin-spd) by Emeric Benhalassa off Bali, Indonesia, 2 June 2017, National Geographic

Taxon identifiers Minous Wikidata: Q2335452 Wikispecies: Minous ADW: Minous AFD: Minous BOLD: 122771 GBIF: 2333664 iNaturalist: 64507 IRMNG: 1308511 ITIS: 167090 NCBI: 626226 Open Tree of Life: 464669 Plazi: 7F758790-EF11-FFD8-FF3A-FA58FA62D9DD WoRMS: 204832

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