# Miler Magrath

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Irish prelate (died 1622)

Miler Magrath Archbishop of Cashel Native name Irish: Maolmhuire Mag Raith Appointed 3 February 1571 Term ended 14 November 1622 Predecessor James MacCawell Successor Malcolm Hamilton Previous post Bishop of Down and Connor (1565–1580) Orders Consecration 4 November 1565 by Francesco Cardinal Pisani (Roman Catholic) Personal details Born c. 1523 Fir Manach (Fermanagh) Died 14 November 1622(1622-11-14) (aged 98–99) Spouse (1) Amy O'Meara (2) name unknown Children five sons and four daughters

[The Most Rev.](/source/The_Most_Reverend) **Miler Magrath** (also *Miler McGrath* or *Myler McGrath*, [Irish](/source/Irish_language): *Maolmhuire Mag Raith*; c. 1523 – 14 November 1622) was a senior-ranking Irish [prelate](/source/Prelate) born in the [Gaelic](/source/Gaelic_Ireland) *[túath](/source/T%C3%BAath)* of [Fermanagh](/source/Fermanagh) in [Ulster](/source/Ulster), the northern [province](/source/Provinces_of_Ireland) in Ireland. He came from a family of hereditary historians to the [O'Brien clan](/source/O'Brien_clan). He entered the [Franciscan Order](/source/Franciscan_Order) and was ordained to the [Catholic priesthood](/source/Priesthood_(Catholic_Church)). The [Vatican](/source/Holy_See) later appointed him the [Bishop of Down and Connor](/source/Bishop_of_Down_and_Connor) in Ireland,[1] but he converted to the Anglican [Church of Ireland](/source/Church_of_Ireland), becoming the Protestant [Archbishop of Cashel](/source/Archbishop_of_Cashel). Magrath is viewed with contempt by both [Protestant](/source/Protestant) and Catholic historians, owing to his ambiguous and corrupt activities during the [Reformation](/source/English_Reformation). He also served as a member of the [Parliament of Ireland](/source/Parliament_of_Ireland).[2]

## Early life and Catholic Bishop of Down and Connor

Archbishop Magrath was probably born at or near the village of [Pettigo](/source/Pettigo) in what is now the south-east of [County Donegal](/source/County_Donegal) in [Ulster](/source/Ulster) (he was not born at the current Termon McGrath Castle, just outside Pettigo, as that structure was not constructed until *circa* 1611[3]). At Magrath's birth, and during most of his lifetime, Pettigo and the surrounding 'Termon Magrath' lands, which included [St Patrick's Purgatory](/source/St_Patrick's_Purgatory), were part of [Fermanagh](/source/Fermanagh) ([Irish](/source/Irish_language): *Fir Manach*), a *[túath](/source/T%C3%BAath)* or lordship in [Gaelic Ireland](/source/Gaelic_Ireland). Most of Fermanagh later became part of [County Fermanagh](/source/County_Fermanagh). Magrath became a [Franciscan](/source/Franciscan) priest[4] and spent his early life in Rome – "*on the Capitoline*" – whence he was sent on a mission to Ireland. It was believed that, on passing through England, he displayed his Catholic letters of authorisation to demand bribes for accepting the Reformation. In any case, he appears to have satisfied the authorities that his position as a Catholic bishop in Ireland would not preclude his valid assent to the [Act of Supremacy](/source/Act_of_Supremacy).

In October 1565, Magrath was appointed as the Roman Catholic [Bishop of Down and Connor](/source/Bishop_of_Down_and_Connor), although the [temporalities](/source/Temporalities) were ruled over by his kinsman [Shane O'Neill](/source/Shane_O'Neill_(Irish_chieftain)), chief of the [O'Neill clan](/source/O'Neill_dynasty), whom he visited in 1566.

In May 1567, he attended on the [Lord Deputy of Ireland](/source/Lord_Deputy_of_Ireland), [Sir Henry Sidney](/source/Sir_Henry_Sidney), at [Drogheda](/source/Drogheda), where he agreed to conform to the reformed faith and to hold his See from [the Crown](/source/The_Crown). In 1569, John Merriman was appointed the Protestant Bishop of Down and Connor: Magrath held on to the Catholic See, before he was finally deprived of Down and Connor by Rome in 1580 for [heresy](/source/Heresy) and other matters; thus he had enjoyed dual appointments as both a [Catholic](/source/Catholic_Church) and a [Church of Ireland](/source/Church_of_Ireland) [prelate](/source/Prelate) for nine years.

## Anglican Bishop – Clogher and Cashel

In 1570, Magrath was appointed by [the Crown](/source/Elizabeth_I) as the Protestant [Bishop of Clogher](/source/Bishop_of_Clogher),[5] including the [temporalities](/source/Temporalities), and visited England, where he fell ill of a fever. In February 1571, he was then appointed [Archbishop of Cashel](/source/Archbishop_of_Cashel) and [Bishop of Emly](/source/Bishop_of_Emly) (no new appointment was made to Clogher until 1605). In the same year he imprisoned some Franciscan priests at Cashel. In a rage, the rebel crusader [James Fitzmaurice Fitzgerald](/source/James_Fitzmaurice_Fitzgerald) threatened to burn to ashes everyone and everything connected with [Archbishop](/source/Archbishop) Magrath if they were not released. The friars were immediately liberated by Edward Butler. In 1572 Magrath brought charges against Butler's elder brother, [The 10th Earl of Ormonde](/source/Thomas_Butler%2C_3rd_Earl_of_Ormonde), but they were given no credence. In 1575, as he went on his way to Dublin, he was attacked and badly injured by the [kerne](/source/Rapparee) of a hostile clan.

Until the end of the [Desmond Rebellions](/source/Desmond_Rebellions) in 1583, Magrath remained in his province, while assisting the English government on the one hand and intriguing with the Catholic rebels on the other. In October 1582, he travelled to England bearing letters of strong recommendation, which cited his ability to provide valuable information on the rebels. He complained that Cashel was only worth £98 and – in spite of the misgivings of [William Cecil](/source/William_Cecil%2C_1st_Baron_Burghley), Lord Burghley – was granted the See of [Waterford and Lismore](/source/Bishop_of_Waterford_and_Lismore) *[in commendam](/source/In_commendam)*, which he held until 1589, and then again from 1592 upon the death of Bishop Wetherhead. Despite his allegiance to the authorities, Magrath never arrested the new Catholic Archbishop of Cashel, Dr Kearney, who lived peacefully under his nose. However, Magrath continued to court favour with the authorities, and in 1584 he did arrest the Catholic [Bishop of Emly](/source/Bishop_of_Emly), [Maurice MacBrien](/source/Maurice_MacBrien), who died two years later in custody in [Dublin Castle](/source/Dublin_Castle). In March 1589 he wrote commending the Kerry plantation undertaker [Sir William Herbert](/source/William_Herbert_(colonizer)), who was a controversial figure on the Protestant side.

In 1591 Magrath visited England without leave, and grave charges were pressed against him in his absence. During his visit he sought to convert to Protestantism the condemned Gaelic Prince of [Breifne](/source/Breifne), [Brian O'Rourke](/source/Brian_O'Rourke), who scorned the bishop at the foot of the gallows-ladder before his execution in London. At about this time Magrath's cousin, [Dermot Creagh](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dermot_Creagh&action=edit&redlink=1), was the Catholic [Bishop of Cork and Cloyne](/source/Bishop_of_Cork_and_Cloyne) with Legatine authority in [Munster](/source/Munster), and they remained on mutual terms. Magrath appears to have feared that his soul was in jeopardy, and with a view to repentance and reconciliation with Rome, took care that his cousin would not be captured, while at the same time feeding information to the Crown about his whereabouts.

## Nine Years War

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In 1596, during the [Nine Years War](/source/Nine_Years_War_(Ireland)), Archbishop Magrath and [the 10th Earl of Ormond](/source/Thomas_Butler%2C_10th_Earl_of_Ormond) were involved in a conference at [Faughart](/source/Faughart) with the Northern chiefs, offering them the possession of [Ulster](/source/Ulster), apart from [County Louth](/source/County_Louth), [Carrickfergus](/source/Carrickfergus) and [Newry](/source/Newry) as these areas were held by English garrisons. The offer was rejected, but was the basis for County Louth being considered part of [Leinster](/source/Leinster) from that time forward.

In 1599, Magrath was taken prisoner by Con, son of his kinsman [Hugh, 2nd Earl of Tyrone](/source/Hugh_O'Neill%2C_Earl_of_Tyrone). The [earl](/source/Earl) ordered Magrath's release on the grounds that only the Holy Father had authority to lay hands on his "*friend and ally*". Magrath promised that he would return to Catholicism, except that he had to see to his children, and Con released him on conditions: a money payment, with O'Meara's son[6] (related to Magrath's wife) to act as surety in person.

In 1600, Magrath went to London and convinced [Robert Cecil](/source/Robert_Cecil%2C_1st_Earl_of_Salisbury) of his loyalty, although appearing a turbulent person, and was granted a pension. While at court he accused [Sir Henry Lee of Ditchley](/source/Henry_Lee_of_Ditchley) of treason, with the "*most indecent and contumelious words*", and Lee's cousin, [Thomas Lee](/source/Thomas_Lee_(army_captain)) (a captain in the Irish service who was later hanged for his involvement with the coup attempt of [the 2nd Earl of Essex](/source/Robert_Devereux%2C_2nd_Earl_of_Essex)), wrote to Cecil seeking the opportunity to meet the charges.

Magrath returned to Ireland with the English-backed pretender to [the earldom of Desmond](/source/James_FitzGerald_(Tower_Earl_of_Desmond)). He claimed poverty owing to the war, but Cecil soon complained that he was allowing the Anglican [Church of Ireland](/source/Church_of_Ireland) to lie like "*an hogsty*" and sought [Sir George Carew](/source/George_Carew_(Ireland)) to remonstrate with him over this neglect.

## The New Era

Under [James I](/source/James_VI_and_I), Magrath's holding of four bishoprics and seventy spiritualities was criticised by [Sir John Davies](/source/John_Davies_(poet%2C_born_1569)), then attorney-general of Ireland. In 1607, the [Archbishop of Dublin](/source/Archbishop_of_Dublin), [Thomas Jones](/source/Thomas_Jones_(archbishop)), criticised his spiritual administration, and Magrath resigned [Waterford and Lismore](/source/Bishop_of_Waterford_and_Lismore) six months later. The estate of Lismore had been sold by him to [Sir Walter Raleigh](/source/Sir_Walter_Raleigh) for a nominal price, although he kept the capitular seal of Cashel. He was ultimately compelled to accept the Sees of [Killala](/source/Bishop_of_Killala) and [Achonry](/source/Bishop_of_Achonry) in [Connacht](/source/Connacht), which were of little worth: in 1610, he complained he had not received their possession, and the full grant was not made until 1611.

In 1608, a jury found that he had declared his kinsman, the fugitive rebel [Lord Tyrone](/source/Hugh_O'Neill%2C_Earl_of_Tyrone), wronged over the Bann fishery (a property right relating to the ancient authority of English law in Ireland, which the Crown had successfully contested in a precedent-setting case), and had credited O'Neill with, "*a better right to the crown of Ireland than any Irishman or Scottishman [ie. James I] whatsoever*". Despite the sensitivity of the matter, the indictment was not proceeded with. In a further assertion of his identity, Magrath rowed with the [Bishop of Derry](/source/Bishop_of_Derry) in 1609 over the possession of Termon Magrath, the lands of which were granted in the following year to Magrath's son, James.

Magrath moved to Ulster (where he erected a building, which still stands at Templecrone, County Donegal), and had William Knight appointed his co-adjutor at Cashel; Knight soon left the country after disgracing himself by drunken behaviour in public. It was reckoned that the revenues and manors of the See of Cashel were entirely wasted. The Lord Deputy, [Sir Arthur Chichester](/source/Arthur_Chichester%2C_1st_Baron_Chichester), had a poor opinion of Magrath, describing him as "stout and wilful", but held back for fear of his influence amongst the Ulster Irish, and Stafford too spoke of his oppressions.

In 1612, the underground Irish Provincial of the Franciscan Order still held out hope of Magrath's reconciliation with Rome; in 1617 it was thought he might exchange the [Rock of Cashel](/source/Rock_of_Cashel) for the [Capitoline](/source/Capitoline), where he had spent his youth. Magrath's last known involvement in public life was on his attendance at Parliament in Dublin in 1613. He died ten years later, in his 100th year, after 52 years as a bishop.

## Legacy

Magrath has remained a figure of controversy in [Irish history](/source/Irish_history). On the Protestant side, he is widely blamed for the rapacious financial corruptions which gave the [Reformation in Ireland](/source/Reformation_in_Ireland) a black eye from which it has never recovered. He was further scorned for being a drunkard. On the Catholic side, he was viewed as an [apostate](/source/Apostate) priest and a collaborator with a violently [Anti-Catholic](/source/Anti-Catholic) monarchy.

Given the treachery through which he lived, and whatever one might say about his real allegiances, Magrath possessed a knack for survival. The forbearance shown by his most bitter critics at Court, even when they were certain that he was obstructing the persecution of Catholics, is an indication of his great power and influence. In any case, the wide freedom allowed to him and his great skill in manipulating both sides at once shows how very tricky were the times.

As for being a drunkard, perhaps his longevity gives the lie to that charge.

Magrath married a Roman Catholic, Áine Ni Meara, daughter of John O'Meara of [Lisany](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lisany,_Ireland&action=edit&redlink=1), in [County Tipperary](/source/County_Tipperary); and had issue, Turlough, Redmond, James, Brian, Marcus, Mary, Cicely, Anne, and Ellis. Upon his wife's death, Magrath remarried.[7]

## In popular culture

- Around [1577](/source/1577_in_poetry), a caustic satire against Irish Anglican bishops Magrath, [Matthew Sheyn](/source/Matthew_Sheyn) and [William Casey](/source/William_Casey_(bishop)), and a fourth no longer recognizable, was composed as [Irish bardic poetry](/source/Irish_bardic_poetry) by the [Franciscan](/source/Franciscan) priest-poet [Friar](/source/Friar) [Eoghan Ó Dubhthaigh](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eoghan_%C3%93_Dubhthaigh&action=edit&redlink=1) (Owen O'Duffy). In the poem, which begins, *Léig dod chomortus dúinn* ("No more of your companions for us"), much of the satire aimed at Archbishop Magrath burlesques the fact that his first name, "Maolmhuire", means *"The Servant of Mary"* in the [Irish language](/source/Irish_language), when he had renounced the veneration of the [Blessed Virgin](/source/Blessed_Virgin) in exchange for an earthly wife. The poet suggests that he deserved the name *"Maol gan Mhuire"* ("The Servant without Mary") much better.[8]

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** [Irish Times](https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/heritage/rehabilitating-miler-magrath-a-catholic-and-protestant-bishop-1.1902962)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** "A New History of Ireland" [T. W. Moody](/source/T._W._Moody), [F. X. Martin](/source/F._X._Martin), [F.J. Byrne](/source/Francis_John_Byrne) and [Cosgrove, A](/source/Art_Cosgrove) pp411-413: [Oxford](/source/Oxford), [OUP](/source/Oxford_University_Press), 1976 [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-19-821745-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-821745-5)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** Brian Lac[e]y (editor), *Archaeological Survey of County Donegal*, pp. 350-351. Donegal County Council, [Lifford](/source/Lifford), 1983.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** [Library Ireland](https://www.libraryireland.com/biography/ArchbishopMilerMagrath.php)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** *Clogher clergy and parishes : being an account of the clergy of the Church of Ireland in the Diocese of Clogher, from the earliest period, with historical notices of the several parishes, churches, etc* Leslie, J.B. p 8: Enniskille; R. H. Ritchie; 1929

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** Macnamara, George U. (1903). ["Archbishop Miler Magrath"](https://www.jstor.org/stable/20566193). *Ulster Journal of Archaeology*. **9** (4): 185–190. [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0082-7355](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0082-7355).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-fastihibvol1_7-0)** Cotton, Henry (1851). *The Succession of the Prelates and Members of the Cathedral Bodies of Ireland*. Fasti ecclesiae Hiberniae. Vol. 1, The Province of Munster (2nd ed.). Dublin: Hodges and Smith. pp. 12–13.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** [Vivian Mercier](/source/Vivian_Mercier) (1962), *The Irish Comic Tradition*, [Oxford University Press](/source/Oxford_University_Press). Pages 138-139.

## Bibliography

- Richard Bagwell, *Ireland under the Tudors* 3 vols. (London, 1885–1890).

- Eoghan O'Duffy, tr. by [John O'Daly](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_O%27Daly&action=edit&redlink=1) (1864), *The Apostasy of Myler Magrath, Archbishop of Cashel*, [Cashel](/source/Cashel%2C_County_Tipperary), [County Tipperary](/source/County_Tipperary).

- John O'Donovan (ed.) *Annals of Ireland by the Four Masters* 7 vols. (1851).

- *Dictionary of National Biography* 22 vols. (London, 1921–1922).

- 'Archbishop Magrath: The Scoundrel of Cashel' – 1 Oct 1974 by [Robert Wyse Jackson](/source/Robert_Wyse_Jackson)

- *Archbishop Miler Magrath: The Enigma of Cashel* by Fr. Patrick Ryan (Roscrea, 2014)

## External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to [Miler Magrath](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Miler_Magrath).

- [CERC](https://www.catholiceducation.org/en/controversy/politics-and-the-church/the-strange-case-of-dr-biden-and-mr-hyde.html)

- [\[1\]](http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100060/index.html) Account of Miler Magrath by [Philip O'Sullivan Beare](/source/Philip_O'Sullivan_Beare)

- [\[2\]](https://web.archive.org/web/20120425053055/http://www.seamusjking.com/Articles%20Full/Miler_McGrath.html) Seamus J King's Talk given to Cashel Historical Society in 1986 on Miler McGrath

- [Origins of the McGrath Family](http://mcgrathsearch.com/files/Version01_A.pdf) by Michael F. McGraw (incl. descent from Miler Magrath)

Catholic Church titles Preceded by Eugene Magennis Bishop of Down and Connor 1565–1580 Succeeded by Donat O'Gallagher Church of Ireland titles Preceded by Hugh O'Carolan Bishop of Clogher 1570–1571 Succeeded by George Montgomery Preceded by James MacCawell Archbishop of Cashel 1571–1622 Succeeded by Malcolm Hamilton Preceded by Marmaduke Middleton (bishop) Held in commendam the bishopric of Waterford and Lismore 1582–1589 Succeeded by Thomas Wetherhead (bishop) Preceded by Thomas Wetherhead (bishop) Held in commendam the bishopric of Waterford and Lismore 1592–1608 Succeeded by John Lancaster (bishop) Preceded by Owen O'Connor (bishop) Held in commendam the bishopric of Killala 1613–1622 Succeeded by Archibald Hamilton (Bishop of Killala and Achonry) Preceded by Eugene O'Hart (bishop) Held in commendam the bishopric of Achonry 1613–1622

v t e Anglican archbishops of Cashel James MacCawell Miler Magrath Malcolm Hamilton Archibald Hamilton Thomas Fulwar Thomas Price Narcissus Marsh William Palliser William Nicolson Timothy Goodwin Theophilus Bolton Arthur Price John Whitcombe Michael Cox Charles Agar Charles Brodrick Richard Laurence

v t e Anglican bishops of Waterford and Lismore Patrick Walsh Marmaduke Middleton Miler Magrath Thomas Wetherhead John Lancaster Michael Boyle John Atherton Archibald Adair George Baker Hugh Gore Nathaniel Foy Thomas Milles Charles Este Richard Chenevix William Newcome Richard Marlay Power Le Poer Trench Joseph Stock Richard Bourke

v t e Anglican bishops of Clogher Hugh O'Carolan Miler Magrath Denis Campbell George Montgomery James Spottiswood Henry Jones John Leslie Robert Leslie Roger Boyle Richard Tennison St George Ashe John Stearne Robert Clayton John Garnett Sir John Hotham William Foster John Porter Lord John Beresford Hon Percy Jocelyn Lord Robert Tottenham Archbishops of Armagh Charles Stack Charles D'Arcy Maurice Day James MacManaway Richard Tyner Alan Buchanan Richard Hanson Robert Heavener Gordon McMullan Brian Hannon Michael Jackson John McDowell Ian Ellis

Authority control databases International VIAF WorldCat National United States

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