# Middlesbrough F.C.

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This article is about the men's football club. For the women's football club, see [Middlesbrough F.C. Women](/source/Middlesbrough_F.C._Women).

**Middlesbrough Football Club** (/ˈmɪdəlzbrə/ MID-əlz-brə) is a professional [association football](/source/Association_football) club based in [Middlesbrough](/source/Middlesbrough), [North Yorkshire](/source/North_Yorkshire). They compete in the [Championship](/source/EFL_Championship), the second tier of [English football](/source/English_football_league_system). Nicknamed "**the Boro**", they were formed in 1876 and are the 12th [oldest football league club](/source/List_of_football_clubs_in_England_and_Wales_by_year_formed) in England and Wales. The club have played at the [Riverside Stadium](/source/Riverside_Stadium) since 1995,[1] having previously played at [Ayresome Park](/source/Ayresome_Park) for 92 years, from 1903 to 1995.

Middlesbrough were one of the founding members of the [Premier League](/source/Premier_League) in 1992, and have spent all but two seasons of their entire history as a professional club competing within the top two tiers of English football.[2] Their highest league finish to date was third place in the top flight in the [1913–14 season](/source/1913%E2%80%9314_in_English_football). The outbreak of the [First World War](/source/World_War_I) stunted their push for a first top division title, though the club pushed again during the inter-war years, finishing fourth in the [1938–39 season](/source/1938%E2%80%9339_Football_League) before the [Second World War](/source/World_War_II) halted the English leagues and again prevented a push for a first title. The club came within minutes of folding in 1986 before they were saved by a [consortium](/source/Consortium) led by board member and later chairman [Steve Gibson](/source/Steve_Gibson_(businessman)).[3] A remarkable [recovery](/source/Middlesbrough_F.C._survival_from_liquidation) saw the club immediately earn back-to-back promotions to the top division in the [1986–87](/source/1986%E2%80%9387_Middlesbrough_F.C._season) and [1987–88](/source/1987%E2%80%9388_Middlesbrough_F.C._season) seasons. The club were runners-up in the [FA Cup](/source/FA_Cup) and [League Cup](/source/EFL_Cup) in 1997[4][5] while also being relegated following a controversial 3-point deduction,[6] and losing another League Cup [final](/source/1998_Football_League_Cup_final) the following season. Under [Steve McClaren](/source/Steve_McClaren), the club won the League Cup in [2004](/source/2004_Football_League_Cup_final), its first major silverware, and reached the [2006 UEFA Cup final](/source/2006_UEFA_Cup_final). The club has played one Premier League season since relegation in 2009.

Middlesbrough is the only major professional football club in the greater [Teesside](/source/Teesside) area (the 14th biggest [urban area](/source/List_of_urban_areas_in_the_United_Kingdom) in England), the [Tees Valley](/source/Tees_Valley), and the county of [North Yorkshire](/source/North_Yorkshire) (the largest county in England by area[7]). The club has regional rivalries with the two closest major clubs, [Newcastle United](/source/Newcastle_United_F.C.) (the [Tyne–Tees derby](/source/Tyne%E2%80%93Tees_derby)) and [Sunderland](/source/Sunderland_A.F.C.) (the [Tees–Wear derby](/source/Tees%E2%80%93Wear_derby)).[8]

The club's traditional kit is red with white detailing, often in the form of a white chest band. The home shorts and sock colours have interchangeably been shifted between red and white, complementing the red shirt that was adopted in 1899.[9] The various crests throughout the club's history, the most recent of which was adopted in 2007,[10] incorporate a lion rampant.

## History

For a season-by-season record of league and cup performances, see [List of Middlesbrough F.C. seasons](/source/List_of_Middlesbrough_F.C._seasons).

Main article: [History of Middlesbrough F.C.](/source/History_of_Middlesbrough_F.C.)

### Formation and early years (1876–1914)

Middlesbrough were formed in 1876, and won the [FA Amateur Cup](/source/FA_Amateur_Cup) in 1895 and again in 1898. The club turned professional in 1889, but reverted to amateur status in 1892.[2] They turned professional permanently in 1899.[11] After three seasons, they won promotion to the [First Division](/source/Football_League_First_Division), where they would remain for the next 22 years.[2]

In 1903, the club moved to [Ayresome Park](/source/Ayresome_Park), their home for the next 92 years. In 1905, the club sanctioned the transfer of [Alf Common](/source/Alf_Common) for [£](/source/Pound_sterling)1,000, a record fee.[12] In the same year, [Tim Williamson](/source/Tim_Williamson) became the first Middlesbrough player to play international football.[13]

Over these early years in the top flight, their form fluctuated greatly, rising to sixth in [1907–08](/source/1907%E2%80%9308_in_English_football)[14] before dropping to 17th two seasons later.[15] The club rose to their highest league finish to date, third, in [1913–14](/source/1913%E2%80%9314_in_English_football).[13] The [First World War](/source/World_War_I) soon intervened, and football was suspended.

### Ups and downs (1914–1966)

Before league football resumed, Middlesbrough won the Northern Victory League,[16] but the team were unable to maintain their previous form and finished the [1919–20](/source/1919%E2%80%9320_in_English_football) season in mid-table. They remained in the First Division for the next few seasons, but were relegated in [1923–24](/source/1923%E2%80%9324_in_English_football) after finishing bottom, 10 points adrift of their nearest rivals.[failed verification][17] Three seasons later, they won the [Division Two](/source/Football_League_Division_Two) title. During that season, debutant [George Camsell](/source/George_Camsell), who had signed from [Third Division North](/source/Third_Division_North) side Durham City the previous season, finished with a record 59 league goals, which included nine hat-tricks. He would continue as top scorer for each of the next 10 seasons.[18] Middlesbrough's tenure back in the top flight lasted only one season, and the club were relegated.[16] They were promoted at the first attempt in [1928–29](/source/1928%E2%80%9329_in_English_football), winning another Second Division title.[16] The club remained in the First Division until 1954.

The decade before the [Second World War](/source/World_War_II) saw the emergence of [Wilf Mannion](/source/Wilf_Mannion) and [George Hardwick](/source/George_Hardwick), both of whom would go on to become [England](/source/England_national_football_team) internationals in the years ahead.[citation needed] Middlesbrough climbed to fourth in the last full season before the war, and were expected to challenge for the title the following season, but the war intervened.[2] After the war, the club was unable to recover the form of the previous seasons before the war, hovering around mid-table and exiting in the early rounds of the [FA Cup](/source/FA_Cup). Soon after the war, the team began to falter, and were relegated in [1953–54](/source/1953%E2%80%9354_in_English_football). This was the start of a 20-year spell outside the top division, but this was the spell too that saw the emergence of one of the club's top goalscorers, [Brian Clough](/source/Brian_Clough), who scored 204 goals in 222 games, before he left for [Sunderland](/source/Sunderland_A.F.C.).[19]

On 6 May 1950 Middlesbrough were represented by a Black player for the first time, Jamaican-born [Lindy Delapenha](/source/Lindy_Delapenha) making his debut in an away game against Fulham on that date. In total he went on to make 270 appearances, scoring 92 goals, before he left for [Mansfield Town](/source/Mansfield_Town) after the 1957–58 season.[20] Over that period, Middlesbrough maintained reasonable progress in the Second Division, but were never serious contenders for promotion. After a fourth-place finish in [1962–63](/source/1962%E2%80%9363_in_English_football), the club endured a steady decline and were relegated to the [Third Division](/source/Football_League_Third_Division) for the first time in their history in 1966.[16]

### Resurgence, 'Charlton's Champions', and financial crisis (1966–1994)

New manager [Stan Anderson](/source/Stan_Anderson) returned the club to the second flight at the first attempt.[2] Middlesbrough would not finish below ninth during the next six seasons in the Second Division, finishing 4th (just outside the top three promotion winning places at the time) on three of those occasions.[2]

In 1973, [Jack Charlton](/source/Jack_Charlton) took over as manager and guided the team back to the top flight. A team led on the pitch by [Willie Maddren](/source/Willie_Maddren) and [Bobby Murdoch](/source/Bobby_Murdoch), and including a young [Graeme Souness](/source/Graeme_Souness), ensured promotion as early as 23 March 1974, and with eight games of the season left, they became runaway champions, finishing with a league record 65 points (based on the 2 points for a win format).[failed verification][2][21] After a very promising start to their first campaign back in the first division [Bob Paisley](/source/Bob_Paisley), manager of eventual runners up Liverpool, tipped Middlesbrough as favourites to win the league, however they ultimately fell short finishing seventh. Middlesbrough won their first silverware as a professional side in [the 1975–76 season](/source/1975%E2%80%9376_in_English_football), lifting the [Anglo-Scottish Cup](/source/Anglo-Scottish_Cup) in its inaugural season after a two-legged final win over [Fulham](/source/Fulham_F.C.).[21][22]

In 1979, [John Neal](/source/John_Neal_(footballer,_born_1932)) made the club's first international signing, with [Boško Janković](/source/Bo%C5%BEo_Jankovi%C4%87) arriving from [Željezničar Sarajevo](/source/FK_%C5%BDeljezni%C4%8Dar_Sarajevo).[2]

The club experienced severe financial difficulties during the mid-1980s.[23] Middlesbrough were dropping down the table, and finished 19th in the [1984–85 season](/source/1984%E2%80%9385_in_English_football).[16] In April 1986, the club had to borrow £30,000 from the [Professional Footballers' Association](/source/Professional_Footballers'_Association) (PFA) to pay wages.[2] The final game of the season saw Middlesbrough relegated to the Third Division again.[2] That summer, the club called in the [Provisional Liquidator](/source/Official_Receiver), and, shortly afterwards, the club was wound up and the gates to Ayresome Park were padlocked.[2] Without the £350,000 capital required for [Football League](/source/Football_League) registration, a new rule, the club risked folding permanently.[24] [Steve Gibson](/source/Steve_Gibson_(businessman)), however, a member of the board at the time, brought together a consortium, and with 10 minutes to spare before the deadline they completed their registration with the Football League for the [1986–87 season](/source/1986%E2%80%9387_in_English_football).[25] Following the registration came both a change of club crest and a change of the official company name to Middlesbrough Football and Athletic Club (1986) Ltd.[failed verification][26]

Over the next two seasons, Middlesbrough gained successive promotions into Division Two and then into Division One,[16] the latter being the first and only time a second-tier side [directly relegated](/source/1988_Football_League_Second_Division_play-off_final) a first tier side through the [English Football League play-offs](/source/English_Football_League_play-offs). The next season however, they came straight back down to Division Two, and with it came the then British transfer record move of [Gary Pallister](/source/Gary_Pallister) to [Manchester United](/source/Manchester_United_F.C.) for £2.3 million.[27] Following promotion again, Middlesbrough became one of the founding members of the [FA Premier League](/source/Premier_League) when it was launched in the [1992–93 season](/source/1992%E2%80%9393_FA_Premier_League).[3]

### Bryan Robson years (1994–2001)

Player-manager [Bryan Robson](/source/Bryan_Robson), from Manchester United, took charge in 1994.[28] Following promotion to the Premier League Middlesbrough made high-profile purchases like Brazilian international [Juninho](/source/Juninho_Paulista)[3] and previous season's [Champions League final](/source/1996_UEFA_Champions_League_final) goalscorer and Italian international [Fabrizio Ravanelli](/source/Fabrizio_Ravanelli). A difficult [1996–97 season](/source/1996%E2%80%9397_FA_Premier_League), however, was compounded by a deduction of three points imposed just after Christmas as punishment for the club's failure to fulfil a fixture against [Blackburn Rovers](/source/Blackburn_Rovers_F.C.), which ultimately resulted in relegation.[29] Without the points deduction imposed by the FA Premier League despite the club having taken advice from the Premier League themselves prior to calling off the match, the club would have had enough points to avoid the drop.[citation needed] At the same time, the club reached both the [League](/source/1997_Football_League_Cup_final) and [FA Cup](/source/1997_FA_Cup_final) finals for the first time, but lost both games. Despite being in the second tier, they were again runners-up in the [League Cup final the next year](/source/1998_Football_League_Cup_final).[26]

Despite losing high-profile players Ravanelli and Juninho due to relegation, Middlesbrough were promoted back to the Premier League at the first attempt, in 1998. The following season saw them settle well and they had a 12-game unbeaten run midway through [1998–99](/source/1998%E2%80%9399_FA_Premier_League), including a 3–2 win at [Old Trafford](/source/Old_Trafford) In December 1998 during which they took a 3–0 lead; it was Manchester United's only home defeat during their [treble](/source/Treble_(association_football))-winning [season](/source/1998%E2%80%9399_Manchester_United_F.C._season). Middlesbrough continued to stay secure in mid-table the following season, due mainly to the goals of [Hamilton Ricard](/source/Hamilton_Ricard) and the signings of prominent players such as [Paul Ince](/source/Paul_Ince) and [Christian Ziege](/source/Christian_Ziege). In [2000–01](/source/2000%E2%80%9301_FA_Premier_League), they had a brief relegation scare that was solved with the arrival of [Terry Venables](/source/Terry_Venables) as co-manager, and a 3–0 win away at [Arsenal](/source/Arsenal_F.C.) in April was the team's best result. The trend of buying high profile European-based players continued with the acquisitions of [Christian Karembeu](/source/Christian_Karembeu) and [Alen Bokšić](/source/Alen_Bok%C5%A1i%C4%87). Bryan Robson left the club before the start of [2001–02 season](/source/2001%E2%80%9302_FA_Premier_League), having served as manager for seven years.[30]

### Venture into Europe (2001–2009)

After Venables decided not to take on the role of full time manager, in June 2001 Manchester United assistant coach [Steve McClaren](/source/Steve_McClaren) was appointed to replace Robson.[31]

In his first season, McClaren led Middlesbrough to a respectable 12th place league finish and an FA Cup semi final, narrowly losing 1–0 to Arsenal. A slight improvement in the league saw the club finish 11th the following season. The [2003–04 season](/source/2003%E2%80%9304_Middlesbrough_F.C._season) saw the club again finish 11th in the league, but much more significantly win a first major trophy by beating [Bolton Wanderers](/source/Bolton_Wanderers_F.C.) 2–1 in the [League Cup final](/source/2004_Football_League_Cup_final).[32] The League Cup win also ensured that Middlesbrough would qualify for Europe – the [UEFA Cup](/source/UEFA_Europa_League) – for the first time – the following season, where they reached the [last 16 of the competition](/source/2004%E2%80%9305_UEFA_Cup_final_phase#Round_of_16).[33][34] UEFA Cup qualification was achieved for the [second consecutive year](/source/2005%E2%80%9306_UEFA_Cup) after a 1–1 away draw with [Manchester City](/source/Manchester_City_F.C.) on the final game of the season. The match concluded with a dramatic last minute late penalty save by goalkeeper [Mark Schwarzer](/source/Mark_Schwarzer) which saw Middlesbrough finish above City in 7th place and qualify for Europe again.[35]

Middlesbrough enjoyed one of its most successful cup campaigns to date in the [2005–2006 season](/source/2005%E2%80%9306_Middlesbrough_F.C._season). Domestically the club reached the League Cup quarter final and the FA Cup semi final, losing out to a late goal in a 1–0 loss to [West Ham](/source/West_Ham_United) at [Villa Park](/source/Villa_Park). The club also reached the [2006 UEFA Cup final](/source/2006_UEFA_Cup_final) following two miraculous last minute comebacks from 3–0 down on aggregate in the quarter and semi finals against [FC Basel](/source/FC_Basel) and [Steaua Bucharest](/source/FCSB) respectively,[36][37] however ultimately fell short losing 4–0 to [Sevilla](/source/Sevilla_FC) in the final in [Eindhoven](/source/Eindhoven).[38] McClaren's teams featured local youth players such as [Stewart Downing](/source/Stewart_Downing), [Adam Johnson](/source/Adam_Johnson_(footballer)) and [James Morrison](/source/James_Morrison_(footballer))[39] as well as experienced international players such as forward trio [Yakubu](/source/Yakubu_(footballer)), [Mark Viduka](/source/Mark_Viduka) and [Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink](/source/Jimmy_Floyd_Hasselbaink),[40] and midfielder [Gaizka Mendieta](/source/Gaizka_Mendieta). Middlesbrough fielded the youngest starting 11 (average age 20) in the final Premier League game in the 2005–06 season, against [Fulham](/source/Fulham_F.C.). Nine players were teenagers – all English – and two more came on as substitutes.[41]

Following the European Cup final loss, McClaren left to manage the [England national team](/source/England_national_football_team), and captain [Gareth Southgate](/source/Gareth_Southgate) took over as manager. Despite not having the coaching qualifications, he was allowed by the Premier League board to continue after receiving special dispensation.[42] Southgate led the club to a 12th-placed finish and an FA Cup quarter final in his [first season](/source/2006%E2%80%9307_Middlesbrough_F.C._season) as manager. In the subsequent [2007–2008 season](/source/2007%E2%80%9308_Middlesbrough_F.C._season), Middlesbrough again made the [FA Cup quarter final](/source/2007%E2%80%9308_FA_Cup), but despite being 2nd favourites to win the cup ahead of their quarter final home tie to Championship side [Cardiff City](/source/Cardiff_City), Middlesbrough lost the tie and eventually finished 13th in the league, beating Manchester City 8–1 on the final day.

In January 2008, the club broke its record transfer fee, paying £13.6 million for [Brazilian international](/source/Brazil_national_football_team) striker [Afonso Alves](/source/Afonso_Alves).[43] The club was relegated to the [Championship](/source/EFL_Championship) at the end of the [2008–09 season](/source/2008%E2%80%9309_Middlesbrough_F.C._season)[44] in 19th place.

### Decline, brief revival and relegation (2009–2017)

Middlesbrough sacked [Gareth Southgate](/source/Gareth_Southgate) as manager in October 2009, when Southgate's team were one point from leading the Championship, and replaced him with [Gordon Strachan](/source/Gordon_Strachan).[45] At the time of Southgate's dismissal, Boro were fourth in the Championship but their form under Strachan declined and they finished mid-table.[46][47] On 18 October 2010, Strachan resigned and was later replaced by [Tony Mowbray](/source/Tony_Mowbray).[48][49] Following a poor run of form at the start of the [2013–14 campaign](/source/2013%E2%80%9314_Middlesbrough_F.C._season), Mowbray left the club with immediate effect on 21 October.[50]

[Aitor Karanka](/source/Aitor_Karanka), a former assistant coach at [Real Madrid](/source/Real_Madrid_CF) to [José Mourinho](/source/Jos%C3%A9_Mourinho), became the new Middlesbrough manager.[51] He became the first non-British manager at the club,[51] and led Boro to a 12th-place finish.[52] In Karanka's first full season in charge, Middlesbrough finished fourth and thus qualified for the [2015 Football League play-offs](/source/2015_Football_League_play-offs).[citation needed] After defeating [Brentford](/source/Brentford_F.C.) 5–1 on aggregate in the semi-final, the club lost 2–0 to [Norwich City](/source/Norwich_City_F.C.) at [Wembley Stadium](/source/Wembley_Stadium) in the [final](/source/2015_Football_League_Championship_play-off_final).[53][54] The following [2015–16](/source/2015%E2%80%9316_Football_League_Championship) season ended in dramatic fashion. The final match of the ordinary season was a head to head between 2nd placed Boro and 3rd placed [Brighton & Hove Albion](/source/Brighton_%26_Hove_Albion_F.C.) at The Riverside. Boro required 1 point from the match to finish above Brighton in second place and secure automatic promotion. After taking a first half lead, they were pegged back, but ultimately held on for the draw, securing promotion back to the Premier League.[55]

Middlesbrough dismissed Karanka in March 2017 following a poor run of form, and the team were relegated in 19th place, after just one season back in the top flight. The team won only 5 league games, and scored 27 goals, the lowest in the league.[failed verification][56]

### Return to the Championship (2017–present)

The club appointed former [Leeds United](/source/Leeds_United_F.C.) manager [Garry Monk](/source/Garry_Monk) as manager in the off-season. Expectations at the club were high, having spent close to £50 million in the transfer window on player purchases, in order to mount an immediate promotion challenge back to the Premier League.[57] Monk left in December, with Middlesbrough ninth in the Championship,[58][59] and [Tony Pulis](/source/Tony_Pulis) was appointed as his replacement.[60] Pulis led the side to finish 5th in the table, however, they lost in the play-off semi-finals to Aston Villa.[61][52] In the [following season](/source/2018%E2%80%9319_Middlesbrough_F.C._season), a poor finish to the season caused them to finish 7th and miss out on the play-offs by one point.[62]

When Pulis's contract was not extended,[63] he was replaced by former Middlesbrough defender and first team coach, [Jonathan Woodgate](/source/Jonathan_Woodgate) on 14 June 2019 on a three-year contract.[64] Woodgate was sacked with the club only outside of the relegation zone on goal difference with eight games left of the 2019–20 season,[65] and [Neil Warnock](/source/Neil_Warnock) was appointed as his replacement on the same day.[66] Warnock ensured survival from relegation, securing safety on the final day of the season and a 17th-place finish.[52][67] On 6 November 2021, Middlesbrough parted company with Warnock, who was replaced by [Chris Wilder](/source/Chris_Wilder) the following day.[68][69] After 11 months in charge, Wilder was sacked with the club in 22nd position.[70]

Former Manchester United midfielder [Michael Carrick](/source/Michael_Carrick) was appointed as his successor and led Boro to a fourth-place finish, but lost in the play-off semi-finals against Coventry City.[71][72][73] On 26 May 2023, the club officially became affiliated with the women's team.[74] In the [2023–24](/source/2023%E2%80%9324_EFL_Cup) season, Middlesbrough reached the semi-finals of the League Cup for the first time since 2004.[75] Despite defeating Chelsea in the first leg, Middlesbrough lost 6–2 on aggregate.[76] Carrick was dismissed in June 2025 with [Rob Edwards](/source/Rob_Edwards_(footballer,_born_1982)) replacing him.[77] However, after a promising start to the season that saw the club enter the automatic promotion spaces, Edwards suddenly left in November 2025 to take the [Wolverhampton Wanderers](/source/Wolverhampton_Wanderers_F.C.) job, just 3 months into the season.

On 24 November 2025 [Kim Hellberg](/source/Kim_Hellberg) was named as the successor to [Rob Edwards](/source/Rob_Edwards_(footballer,_born_1982)).[78]

In May 2026, [Southampton](/source/Southampton_F.C.) defeated Middlesbrough 2–1 on aggregate (after extra time) in the EFL Championship play-off semi-final. Two days before the first leg of the semi-final, Middlesbrough complained that a member of Southampton's staff had been observed attempting to watch one of their training sessions in the build-up to the tie, and on the day before the first leg, Southampton were charged with breaching EFL regulations.[79] An Independent Disciplinary Commission ruled that Southampton be expelled from the play-offs and receive a four-point deduction for the 2026–27 Championship season.[80] Middlesbrough were reinstated to the [play-off final](/source/2026_EFL_Championship_play-off_final), where they were defeated 1–0 by [Hull City](/source/Hull_City_A.F.C.) at Wembley.[81] The incident was widely referred to in the media as ["Spygate"](/source/Southampton_F.C._espionage_incident).[79] This gave Middlesbrough the odd stat of being the only team in the EFL to be knocked out twice in the same Championship play-offs. [82]

## Colours and crest

Middlesbrough's original home kit upon election to the Football League in 1899 was a white home shirt with red shorts, and they did not adopt their colours of blue and white until later that season.[failed verification][83] Previous kits included a white shirt with a red and white [polka dotted](/source/Polka_dot) collar from around 1889.[failed verification][83] The Middlesbrough kit has remained broadly the same since 1899; a red shirt with white detailing, with shorts and socks of either red or white.[citation needed] The distinctive broad white stripe across the chest was introduced by Jack Charlton in 1973 (following an attempt to change the home shirt to a Leeds United-style white shirt), and brought back for a one-off in 1997–98, and, then again, for the 2000–01 and 2004–05 seasons due to popular demand.[failed verification][84] The club subsequently announced in December 2007 that the club would allow fans to decide via an online and text vote whether the white band should return for the [following season](/source/2008%E2%80%9309_Middlesbrough_F.C._season).[84] On 8 January 2008, the club announced that, with 77.4% of voters voting in its favour, the white band would return to the home kit, and that fans would choose the final shirt appearance from a selection of three designs,[85] of which the winner was announced on 7 May 2008.[86]

The Middlesbrough crest has gone through four changes since the formation of the club. Initially, the badge was simply the town of Middlesbrough's crest with a red lion instead of a blue lion in order to fit in with the club's colours.[citation needed] Following the adoption of the white band on the shirts in 1973, only the red lion remained with the letters "M.F.C" underneath in red.[citation needed] This was further adapted following the reformation of the club in 1986 to a circular crest with the lion in the middle and the words "Middlesbrough Football Club 1986" around the circle in order to reflect this new era.[failed verification] In 2007, Middlesbrough changed their crest again, this time with the lion inside a shield and the words "Middlesbrough Football Club 1876" underneath.[failed verification][10] The club's chairman Steve Gibson stated that the intention was to reflect the club's long history and not just their post-liquidation status.[10] On 16 October 2025, Middlesbrough announced a new crest to be used from the 2026–27 season onwards, which will signal a return to the all-familiar roundel shape after 19 years and tie in with the club's 150th anniversary celebrations, hence the special version of the new crest with the 150-year signifier which will also be used during the season. This comes 18 months after these plans were announced.[87]

### Kit information

Middlesbrough's first sponsor in 1980 was [Datsun](/source/Datsun) Cleveland on a two-year deal. Further two-year deals continued until Dickens was the sponsor for the 1994–95 season only. From 1995 to 2002, the club was sponsored by mobile phone service [Cellnet](/source/Cellnet), followed by two years with mobile retailer [Dial-a-Phone](/source/Dial-a-Phone). Online casino [888.com](/source/888.com) (2004–07) and satellite navigation company [Garmin](/source/Garmin) (2007–10) followed. In 2010–11, the club had several temporary sponsors including pawnbrokers Ramsdens, who then became permanent sponsors and signed a five-year deal in 2013. At its end, [32Red](/source/32Red) became the sponsors.[failed verification][88] Early in Ramsdens' sponsorship in March 2011, the company ceded its advertising space to [Marie Curie Cancer Care](/source/Marie_Curie_(charity)) for two games.[89]

Italian manufacturers [Erreà](/source/Erre%C3%A0) made Middlesbrough's kits from 1994 to 2009, when the role was taken up by [Adidas](/source/Adidas), who had previously made the kits from 1979 to 1983.[failed verification][90] Danish company [Hummel](/source/Hummel_International), which had made the kits from 1984 to 1987 during the club's winding up and rebirth, secured the contract again in 2018.[91] Erreà returned in 2022.[92]

Period Kit manufacturer Shirt sponsor 1976–1977 Bukta[failed verification] None 1977–1980 Adidas 1980–1982 Datsun Cleveland 1982–1984 McLean Homes 1984–1986 Hummel Camerons[clarification needed] 1986–1987 Dickens 1987–1988 Skill[failed verification] 1988–1990 Heritage Hampers 1990–1992 Evening Gazette 1992–1994 Admiral[failed verification] ICI 1994–1995 Erreà Dickens 1995–2002 BT Cellnet 2002–2004 Dial-a-Phone 2004–2007 888.com 2007–2009 Garmin 2009–2010 Adidas 2010–2017 Ramsdens 2017–2018 Ramsdens Currency 2018–2022 Hummel 32Red 2022–2025 Erreà Unibet[93] 2025– Castore[94]

## Stadiums

Main articles: [Ayresome Park](/source/Ayresome_Park) and [Riverside Stadium](/source/Riverside_Stadium)

After formation in 1876, and with the club still amateurs, Middlesbrough's first two years of football were played at [Albert Park](/source/Albert_Park,_Middlesbrough) in Middlesbrough. After seeing the damage being caused by players and supporters,[vague] the Park Committee ordered the club to find an alternate venue. The club moved to Breckon Hill, behind the former [Middlesbrough College](/source/Middlesbrough_College) longlands site, after agreeing to rent the land from its owner. However, two years later in 1880, the owner increased the rent and the club decided to move. They moved into the [Linthorpe Road](/source/Linthorpe_Road) ground in 1882, home at the time of [Middlesbrough Cricket Club](/source/Middlesbrough_Cricket_Club). The cricket club departed in 1893–94 to move to the Breckon Hill field, and Middlesbrough Football Club became sole users of the ground.[95]

With the club's growing size, and entry to [the Football League](/source/The_Football_League), they had to move to a new ground in 1903, [Ayresome Park](/source/Ayresome_Park).[3] It was designed by [Archibald Leitch](/source/Archibald_Leitch) and would be the club's home for the next 92 years, having also been chosen as one of the stadia for the [1966 FIFA World Cup](/source/1966_FIFA_World_Cup). Following the [Taylor Report](/source/Taylor_Report) in 1990, the ground either needed modernising or the club needed a new stadium.[failed verification] The club decided on the latter, and moved out at the end of the 1994–95 season. Ayresome Park was used as a training ground during 1995–96, before it was demolished in 1997 and a housing estate built in its place.[failed verification][95] Since the 1990s, the club trains at a £7 million complex at [Rockliffe Park](/source/Rockliffe_Park_(Hurworth)), in [Hurworth](/source/Hurworth-on-Tees), on the outskirts of [Darlington](/source/Darlington).[96]

The [Riverside Stadium](/source/Riverside_Stadium), named by the supporters of the club after a vote, became the club's home in 1995. It was the first stadium to be built in line with the Taylor Report's recommendations on all-seater stadiums for clubs in the top two divisions of the [English football league system](/source/English_football_league_system).[97] It was originally a 30,000-seater stadium, constructed at a cost of £16 million,[1] before it was expanded in 1998 to a capacity of 35,100 for an extra £5 million, The current capacity of the Riverside Stadium is 33,746 due to updates to the stadium - notably including the movement of the away section and the addition of a large screen[98][99][failed verification][1]

Since then, several reorganisations of the Riverside Stadium have taken place. At the start of the 2013–14 season, away fans were moved from behind the goal in the South stand to the South East corner, while home fans were situated behind both goals to help create a better atmosphere inside the stadium. A giant TV screen was also installed at the back of the South-East corner, replacing the older style scoreboards attached to the North and South stand roofs.[failed verification][100] For the start of the [2016–17 season](/source/2016%E2%80%9317_Middlesbrough_F.C._season) (and a return to the Premier League), the club had to improve the stadium's broadcasting facilities and floodlighting in order to meet Premier League requirements.[clarification needed] The club also took this opportunity to move the main camera gantry to the back of the East stand, so that it faced the main West stand.[failed verification] As of the 2016–17 season, the stadium capacity is 33,746 due to the updates undertaken when the club was last in the Premier League[101][102].[failed verification][103]

## Supporters

Middlesbrough's average historic attendance is the 16th highest of all the clubs in England and Wales.[104]

Traditionally, supporters come from Middlesbrough itself and towns in the immediate area.[citation needed] As of May 2001, Middlesbrough had one of the highest proportions in Britain of locally-born season ticket holders at 80%, and one of the highest proportions of female fans at 20%.[failed verification][105] A survey at the start of the 2007–08 season found Middlesbrough supporters were the seventh-loudest set of fans in the Premier League.[106] Middlesbrough Official Supporters Club, which features its own team in the local football league,[failed verification][107] has links with supporters' clubs across the globe. The largest supporters' clubs include the Official Supporters' Club, the Middlesbrough Disabled Supporters' Association, Yarm Reds, Red Faction and Middlesbrough Supporters South.[failed verification][107]

For Middlesbrough supporters, their main rivals are [Newcastle United](/source/Newcastle_United_F.C.) (with whom they contest the [Tyne–Tees derby](/source/Tyne%E2%80%93Tees_derby)), followed by [Sunderland](/source/Sunderland_A.F.C.) (with whom they contest the [Tees–Wear derby](/source/Tees%E2%80%93Wear_derby)), and also, according to a planetfootball.com's 2004 survey, [Leeds United](/source/Leeds_United_F.C.).[8]

The nickname *[Smoggies](/source/Smoggie)* was first used as a derogatory term by opposing supporters;[improper synthesis?][108] it relates to the industrial air pollution – smog – that used to hang over the town, but it was later used by Middlesbrough fans in a somewhat self-deprecating manner, before finally being adopted as a badge of pride by supporters of the club.[vague][citation needed] An example of this can be seen on the banners carried to away games stating "Smoggies on Tour".[failed verification][109] Middlesbrough fans received praise from [UEFA](/source/UEFA) Chief Executive [Lars-Christer Olsson](/source/Lars-Christer_Olsson) after their behaviour during the [2005–06 UEFA Cup](/source/2005%E2%80%9306_UEFA_Cup) campaign.[110] He commented that:

You have the satisfaction of knowing that, although your team did not win the game, your supporters present in Eindhoven proved to the world that football fans can turn a match into a friendly, violence-free celebration.

Middlesbrough fans also received praise from [Cleveland Police](/source/Cleveland_Police) for their behaviour in previous rounds, particularly in the light of aggravation prior to and during the match at [Roma](/source/AS_Roma).[111]

## Media relations

Middlesbrough was the first football club in the world to launch its own TV channel – Boro TV. The first broadcasts were tied to the club's first ever major cup final appearance in 1997, a full year ahead of Manchester United's MUTV, which still claims to be the first in the world.[clarification needed] The channel was the brainchild of then NTL marketing director, Peter Wilcock.[failed verification] The programme became synonymous with former Middlesbrough player Bernie Slaven and radio commentator Alastair Brownlee, who proved to be as popular on TV as they were on radio.[improper synthesis?][112] Its programmes were not live initially but were pre-recorded and hosted by local radio/TV broadcaster & Boro fan, [Dave Roberts](/source/Dave_Roberts_(sports_broadcaster)).[citation needed] In August 2001, Boro TV claimed another first when it became the first English football club to broadcast time-delayed full-match footage of their league games on its own channel.[clarification needed][113] Boro TV ran through [NTL](/source/Virgin_Media) cable television until July 2005.[114] The club then began to show match highlights through a subscription-based scheme on its official website.[115]

Middlesbrough's official [matchday programme](/source/Matchday_programme), *Redsquare*, was *Programme Monthly's* 2006–07 Programme of the Year.[116] There are numerous other [fanzines](/source/Fanzine) available, most notably *Fly Me to the Moon*, formed in September 1988 following [Bruce Rioch](/source/Bruce_Rioch)'s quote to [Tony Mowbray](/source/Tony_Mowbray), stating "If I had to go to the [moon](/source/Moon) I'd want him by my side".[117] In 2025, it became the football fanzine with the most issues, overtaking previous record holders [*Oatcake* from Stoke](/source/The_Oatcake), which stopped printing in 2019.[118]

## Community

**Middlesbrough Football Club in the Community** (MFCIC) was founded in 1996 by club chairman [Steve Gibson](/source/Steve_Gibson_(businessman))[failed verification][119] and is one of the largest community-based football schemes in the United Kingdom.[non-primary source needed][120] It is run separately from the football club, but receives support from both the club in terms of providing players, staff, stadium facilities and [PR](/source/Public_relations) for articles in the matchday programme and other publications, as well as support from other local organisations.[121] In 2012, MFCIC was relaunched as MFC Foundation.[citation needed] The Foundation aims to use the club's profile to deliver sport, health, education and inclusion projects in vulnerable and disadvantaged communities across Teesside.[citation needed] Since 1996, the Foundation has delivered 20,000 qualifications, engaged over 500,000 people and invested £25 million in local communities to tackle inequality and disadvantage.

Since 2002, the club and MFCIC have also run the Middlesbrough Enterprise Academy, a scheme which helps local children. In March 2008, plans were announced by the Premier League to roll out the scheme nationally amongst all Premier League clubs.[122]

It was announced in December 2007 that Middlesbrough football club had carried out more community work during [2006–07](/source/2006%E2%80%9307_in_English_football) than any other [Premier League](/source/Premier_League) club, rising from second place the previous year, with the club making 318 appearances – almost twice the Premier League average of 162.[failed verification][123] They were in the top two for community appearances again in 2007–08, with 374 – a 17% increase on the previous season.[124]

Middlesbrough's mascot is Roary the Lion. The club runs Roary's Children's Charity Fund, which purchases items for local children's charities.[125]

In 2009, steel producer [Corus Group](/source/Corus_Group) announced the possibility that it would mothball its Teesside plant after a consortium of steel magnates walked away from a 10-year deal. Middlesbrough Football Club helped with the "Save Our Steel" campaign through various methods.[126] Chairman Steve Gibson said:

"Middlesbrough Football Club exists for the community, for the people of Teesside—and the closure of the steel plants threatens to rip the heart out of our community. We cannot stand by and allow that to happen. We want the steelworkers and their families to know that we are behind them and will help their campaign in any way we can ... We like to think that the football club is the flagship of Teesside. Well this is our town and these are our people and we have to do what we can to help them."[126]

### European Football

Main article: [Middlesbrough F.C. in European football](/source/Middlesbrough_F.C._in_European_football)

Middlesbrough in Europe Season Competition Round Country Club Home Away Aggregate 2004–05 UEFA Cup First round Baník Ostrava 3–0 1–1 4–1 Group E Egaleo style="text-align:center;" 0–1 1st Lazio 2–0 style="text-align:center;" Villarreal style="text-align:center;" 0–2 Partizan Belgrade 3–0 style="text-align:center;" Round of 32 GAK 2–1 2–2 4–3 Round of 16 Sporting Lisbon 2–3 0–1 2–4 2005–06 UEFA Cup First round Skoda Xanthi 2–0 0–0 2–0 Group D Grasshoppers Zürich style="text-align:center;" 0–1 1st Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk 3–0 style="text-align:center;" AZ Alkmaar style="text-align:center;" 0–0 Litex Lovech 2–0 style="text-align:center;" Round of 32 Stuttgart 0–1 2–1 2–2a Round of 16 Roma 1–0 1–2 2–2a Quarter-final Basel 4–1 0–2 4–3 Semi-final Steaua Bucharest 4–2 0–1 4–3 Final Sevilla 0–4

## Non-playing staff

[127]

### Corporate hierarchy

Position Name Chairman Steve Gibson Chief Executive Neil Bausor Head of Football Kieran Scott Club Secretary Karen Nelson

### Coaching staff

Position Name Head coach Kim Hellberg Assistant head coach David Selini Adi Viveash Anes Mravac Goalkeeping coach Linus Kandolin Individual development coach Grant Leadbitter Fitness coach Nick Allamby Performance analyst Jack Riley Performance analyst Nathan Kirby Performance analyst Owen Forster Head physiotherapist Adam Reed Chief medical officer Rob Tatham Physician Dr. Bryan English Sports scientist Frankie Hunter Kit man Peter Darke

### Academy coaching staff

Position Name Academy Manager Craig Liddle Head of Player Pathway and Development Leo Percovich Professional Development Phase Coach (U21s) Mark Tinkler Professional Development Phase Coach (U18s) James Marwood[128] Academy Goalkeeping Coach Chris Pennock Head of Academy Recruitment Martin Carter Head of Education and Welfare Barry Dawson

### Managerial history

Further information: [List of Middlesbrough F.C. managers](/source/List_of_Middlesbrough_F.C._managers)

The following are all the full-time Middlesbrough managers since the club turned professional in 1899.[failed verification][129][130]

Dates Manager(s) 1900–1905 Jack Robson 1905–1906 Alex Mackie 1906–1909 Andy Aitken 1909–1910 John Gunter 1910–1911 Andy Walker 1911–1919 Tom McIntosh 1920–1923 Jimmy Howie 1923–1926 Herbert Bamlett 1927–1934 Peter McWilliam 1934–1944 Wilf Gillow 1944–1952 David Jack 1952–1954 Walter Rowley 1954–1963 Bob Dennison 1963–1966 Raich Carter 1966–1973 Stan Anderson 1973–1977 Jack Charlton 1977–1981 John Neal 1981–1982 Bobby Murdoch Dates Manager(s) 1982–1984 Malcolm Allison 1984 Jack Charlton 1984–1986 Willie Maddren 1986–1990 Bruce Rioch 1990–1991 Colin Todd 1991–1994 Lennie Lawrence 1994–2001 Bryan Robson 2000–2001 Terry Venables 2001–2006 Steve McClaren 2006–2009 Gareth Southgate 2009–2010 Gordon Strachan 2010–2013 Tony Mowbray 2013–2017 Aitor Karanka 2017 Garry Monk 2017–2019 Tony Pulis 2019–2020 Jonathan Woodgate 2020–2021 Neil Warnock 2021–2022 Chris Wilder Dates Manager(s) 2022–2025 Michael Carrick 2025 Rob Edwards 2025– Kim Hellberg

## Players

### Current squad

[131]

### Reserves and Academy

For the team's reserve and Academy squads, see [Middlesbrough F.C. Under-21s and Academy](/source/Middlesbrough_F.C._Under-21s_and_Academy).

## Notable players

### Middlesbrough Legends

These 10 players were voted for by fans as part of a campaign with the *[Evening Gazette](/source/Evening_Gazette_(Teesside))*.[132]

- [George Camsell](/source/George_Camsell)
- [George Hardwick](/source/George_Hardwick)
- [Wilf Mannion](/source/Wilf_Mannion)
- [Brian Clough](/source/Brian_Clough)
- [John Hickton](/source/John_Hickton)
- [Willie Maddren](/source/Willie_Maddren)
- [Tony Mowbray](/source/Tony_Mowbray)
- [Bernie Slaven](/source/Bernie_Slaven)
- [Juninho](/source/Juninho_Paulista)
- [Gareth Southgate](/source/Gareth_Southgate)

### Top appearances

Further information: [List of Middlesbrough F.C. records and statistics#Appearances](/source/List_of_Middlesbrough_F.C._records_and_statistics#Appearances)

These players made more than 430 appearances during their time at the club. The number in brackets indicates the number of appearances in all competitions.[133]

- [Tim Williamson](/source/Tim_Williamson) *(602)*
- [Gordon Jones](/source/Gordon_Jones_(footballer_born_1943)) *(532)*
- [John Hickton](/source/John_Hickton) *(499)*
- [John Craggs](/source/John_Craggs_(footballer)) *(487)*
- [Jim Platt](/source/Jim_Platt) *(481)*
- [George Camsell](/source/George_Camsell) *(453)*
- [Jacky Carr](/source/Jackie_Carr_(footballer_born_1892)) *(449)*
- [Mark Schwarzer](/source/Mark_Schwarzer) *(446)*
- [David Armstrong](/source/David_Armstrong_(English_footballer)) *(431)*

### Top goalscorers

Further information: [List of Middlesbrough F.C. records and statistics#Goalscorers](/source/List_of_Middlesbrough_F.C._records_and_statistics#Goalscorers)

These players scored more than 140 goals during their time with the club. The number in brackets indicates the number of goals scored in all competitions.[133]

- [George Camsell](/source/George_Camsell) *(345)*
- [George Elliott](/source/George_Elliott_(English_footballer)) *(213)*
- [Brian Clough](/source/Brian_Clough) *(204)*
- [John Hickton](/source/John_Hickton) *(193)*
- [Micky Fenton](/source/Micky_Fenton) *(162)*
- [Bernie Slaven](/source/Bernie_Slaven) *(146)*
- [Alan Peacock](/source/Alan_Peacock) *(141)*

### Player of the Year award winners

Year Winner 1966 Gordon Jones 1968 Dickie Rooks 1969 Dickie Rooks 1970 George Smith 1971 Gordon Jones 1972 Jim Platt and Stuart Boam 1973 Willie Maddren 1974 Graeme Souness 1978 Stan Cummins 1979 Stuart Boam 1980 David Armstrong 1981 Jim Platt Year Winner 1985 Tony Mowbray 1986 Tony Mowbray 1991 Ian Baird 1997 Juninho 1999 Hámilton Ricard 2001 Alen Bokšić 2002 Gareth Southgate 2004 George Boateng 2005 Stewart Downing 2006 Yakubu 2007 Jonathan Woodgate 2008 David Wheater Year Winner 2009 Tuncay Şanlı 2010 Barry Robson 2011 Joe Bennett 2012 Barry Robson 2013 Jason Steele 2014 George Friend 2015 George Friend 2016 Adam Clayton 2017 Ben Gibson 2018 Adama Traoré 2019 Darren Randolph 2020 Jonny Howson Year Winner 2021 Paddy McNair 2022 Jonny Howson 2023 Chuba Akpom 2024 Rav van den Berg 2025 Hayden Hackney

### Football League 100 Legends

The [Football League 100 Legends](/source/Football_League_100_Legends) is a list of 100 legendary [football](/source/Association_football) players produced by [The Football League](/source/The_Football_League) in 1998, to celebrate the 100th season of League football.[134]

- [Alf Common](/source/Alf_Common)
- [George Camsell](/source/George_Camsell)
- [Steve Bloomer](/source/Steve_Bloomer)
- [Wilf Mannion](/source/Wilf_Mannion)
- [George Hardwick](/source/George_Hardwick)
- [Nobby Stiles](/source/Nobby_Stiles)
- [Graeme Souness](/source/Graeme_Souness)
- [Bryan Robson](/source/Bryan_Robson)
- [Paul Gascoigne](/source/Paul_Gascoigne)

### English Football Hall of Fame

The [English Football Hall of Fame](/source/English_Football_Hall_of_Fame) is housed at the [National Football Museum](/source/National_Football_Museum) in Manchester, England. The Hall aims to celebrate and highlight the achievements of top English footballers and footballers who have played in England. These players appeared for or managed Middlesbrough at some point in their careers.[135]

- [Brian Clough](/source/Brian_Clough) *(2002 inductee)*
- [Paul Gascoigne](/source/Paul_Gascoigne) *(2002 inductee)*
- [Bryan Robson](/source/Bryan_Robson) *(2002 inductee)*
- [Viv Anderson](/source/Viv_Anderson) *(2004 inductee)*
- [Wilf Mannion](/source/Wilf_Mannion) *(2004 inductee)*
- [Jack Charlton](/source/Jack_Charlton) *(2005 inductee)*
- [Graeme Souness](/source/Graeme_Souness) *(2007 inductee)*
- [Nobby Stiles](/source/Nobby_Stiles) *(2007 inductee)*
- [Terry Venables](/source/Terry_Venables) *(2007 inductee)*
- [Steve Bloomer](/source/Steve_Bloomer) *(2008 inductee)*
- [Malcolm Allison](/source/Malcolm_Allison) *(2009 inductee)*
- [Raich Carter](/source/Raich_Carter) *(2013 inductee)*
- [Gordon Strachan](/source/Gordon_Strachan) *(2016 inductee)*
- [Paul Ince](/source/Paul_Ince) *(2021 inductee)*

### Scottish Football Hall of Fame

The following former Middlesbrough players and managers have been inducted into the [Scottish Football Hall of Fame](/source/Scottish_Football_Hall_of_Fame).[136]

- [Bobby Murdoch](/source/Bobby_Murdoch) *(2004 inductee)*
- [Graeme Souness](/source/Graeme_Souness) *(2004 inductee)*
- [Gordon Strachan](/source/Gordon_Strachan) *(2007 inductee)*

## Honours

Source:[2][17][26]

League Competition Position Season Second Division / First Division / Championship (level 2) Champions 1926–27, 1928–29, 1973–74, 1994–95 Runners-up 1991–92, 1997–98, 2015–16 Play-off winners 1988 Third Division (level 3) Runners-up 1966–67, 1986–87 Northern League Champions 1893–94, 1894–95, 1896–97

Cup Type Competition Position Season Domestic FA Cup Runners-up 1996–97 League Cup Winners 2003–04 Runners-up 1996–97, 1997–98 Full Members' Cup[137] Runners-up 1989–90 North Riding Senior Cup Winners 55 occasions since 1882 Continental Anglo-Scottish Cup[21][138] Winners 1975–76 UEFA Cup Runners-up 2005–06 International Kirin Cup[139] Winners 1980

## Middlesbrough Women

Main article: [Middlesbrough F.C. Women](/source/Middlesbrough_F.C._Women)

[Middlesbrough Women](/source/Middlesbrough_F.C._Women) is the women's team affiliated to Middlesbrough. Founded as Cleveland Spartans in 1976, they became officially affiliated with the men's team in 2023,[74] and currently play in the [FA Women's National League North](/source/Women's_National_League_North), the third level of [English women's football](/source/Women's_football_in_England#Pyramid).

## References and notes

1. ["Boro FC club info"](http://www.gazettelive.co.uk/boro-fc/boro-club-info/). gazettelive.co.uk. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20070904115147/http://www.gazettelive.co.uk/boro-fc/boro-club-info/) 4 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 27 May 2008.

1. Glasper, Harry (1989). *Middlesbrough A Complete Record 1876–1989*. Breedon Books Sport. ISBN 0-907969-53-4.

1. ["Middlesbrough, Official Site of the Premier League"](https://web.archive.org/web/20140222163952/http://origin-www.premierleague.com/page/middlesbrough). Premier League. Archived from [the original](http://origin-www.premierleague.com/page/middlesbrough) on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 14 February 2014.

1. Stewart, Rob (30 January 2017). ["Middlesbrough 1996/97: rucks, relegation, cup finals... and training at a prison"](https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/middlesbrough-199697-rucks-relegation-cup-finals-and-training-a-prison). [FourFourTwo](/source/FourFourTwo). Retrieved 5 September 2022.

1. Vickers, Anthony (6 April 2020). ["Middlesbrough's surreal draining 'Dream Time' 96/97 season still shapes fans' emotions"](https://www.gazettelive.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/middlesbroughs-surreal--draining-dream-18048235). [TeessideLive](/source/TeessideLive). Retrieved 5 September 2022.

1. Duxbury, Nick (15 January 1997). ["Middlesbrough rocked by three-point penalty"](https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/middlesbrough-rocked-by-threepoint-penalty-1283330.html). [Independent](/source/The_Independent). Retrieved 23 February 2024.

1. ["English Counties By Population And Area 2024"](http://populationdata.org.uk/english-counties-by-population-and-area/). populationdata.org. 27 August 2021. Retrieved 22 March 2024.

1. ["Club rivalries uncovered"](https://web.archive.org/web/20131020074918/http://www.footballfanscensus.com/issueresults/Club_Rivalries_Uncovered_Results.pdf). footballfancensus. Archived from [the original](http://www.footballfanscensus.com/issueresults/Club_Rivalries_Uncovered_Results.pdf) on 20 October 2013. Retrieved 13 October 2007.

1. ["Middlesbrough historical kits"](http://historicalkits.co.uk/Middlesbrough/Middlesbrough.htm). Historicalkits.co.uk. Retrieved 12 June 2019.

1. Westcott, Matt (12 May 2007). ["Boro change badge to reflect history"](http://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/news/1392479.boro_change_badge_to_reflect_history/). *The Northern Echo*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20081207104857/http://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/news/1392479.boro_change_badge_to_reflect_history/) 7 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 10 October 2008.

1. ["Club History – Birth of The Boro: 1876–1902"](https://web.archive.org/web/20131116054519/http://www.mfc.co.uk/page/club/club-history/0,,1~51936,00.html). Middlesbrough F.C. Archived from [the original](http://www.mfc.co.uk/page/club/club-history/0,,1~51936,00.html) on 16 November 2013. Retrieved 14 February 2014.

1. ["Battling with the Boro for 125 years"](http://www.gazettelive.co.uk/news/local-news/battling-boro-125-years-3842065). *Evening Gazette*. 21 October 2003. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140221171201/http://www.gazettelive.co.uk/news/local-news/battling-boro-125-years-3842065) 21 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 14 February 2014.

1. ["Club History – Early Years: 1903-World War II"](https://web.archive.org/web/20140223004856/http://www.mfc.co.uk/page/club/club-history/0,,1~352488,00.html). Middlesbrough F.C. Archived from [the original](http://www.mfc.co.uk/page/club/club-history/0,,1~352488,00.html) on 23 February 2014. Retrieved 14 February 2014.

1. ["Football League Seasons – 1907–08"](http://www.englandfootballonline.com/Seas1900-39/1907-08/1907-08FL.html). *www.englandfootballonline.com*. Retrieved 29 February 2024.

1. ["Football League Seasons – 1909–10"](http://www.englandfootballonline.com/Seas1900-39/1909-10/1909-10FL.html). *www.englandfootballonline.com*. Retrieved 29 February 2024.

1. ["Statistics, History and Records – from TheStatCat"](http://www.thestatcat.co.uk/Season.aspx?SeasonID=40). *www.thestatcat.co.uk*. Retrieved 29 February 2024.

1. ["League history"](http://www.middlesbrough-mad.co.uk/league_history/middlesbrough/index.shtml). Middlesbrough Mad. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140402203416/http://www.middlesbrough-mad.co.uk/league_history/middlesbrough/index.shtml) 2 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 14 February 2014.

1. ["George Camsell"](http://www.gazettelive.co.uk/boro-fc/boro-legends/2007/07/27/george-camsell-84229-19531247/). gazettelive.co.uk. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20071103124051/http://www.gazettelive.co.uk/boro-fc/boro-legends/2007/07/27/george-camsell-84229-19531247/) 3 November 2007 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 26 May 2008.

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1. skysports1

1. gazettelive1

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1. ["'Middlesbrough FC historic attendances"](http://european-football-statistics.co.uk/attnclub/league/midd.htm). Retrieved 15 May 2024.

1. ["Football's Rich Pickings"](https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/eng_prem/1350453.stm). *BBC Sport*. 25 May 2001. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20120307115316/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_prem/1350453.stm) 7 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 23 May 2007.

1. ["Premier League – Noise League Table"](http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/26102007/58/premier-league-noise-league-table-sunderland-top.html). Yahoo! Sport. 26 October 2007. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20071028091644/http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/26102007/58/premier-league-noise-league-table-sunderland-top.html) 28 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 27 October 2007.

1. ["Supporters' Clubs"](https://web.archive.org/web/20131205045541/http://www.mfc.co.uk/page/fans/supporters-clubs). Middlesbrough F.C. Archived from [the original](http://www.mfc.co.uk/page/fans/supporters-clubs) on 5 December 2013. Retrieved 14 February 2014.

1. ["Football club bans gas masks"](http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/2822465.stm). *BBC News*. 5 March 2003. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20051111071633/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/2822465.stm) 11 November 2005 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 26 May 2008.

1. ["Banners"](https://web.archive.org/web/20110326082920/http://www.mfc.co.uk/page/fans/flags-and-banners/0,,1~618925,00.html). Middlesbrough F.C. Archived from [the original](http://www.mfc.co.uk/page/fans/flags-and-banners/0,,1~618925,00.html) on 26 March 2011. Retrieved 14 February 2014.

1. ["'Impeccable' Boro fans win praise"](http://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/sport/7164139._Impeccable__Boro_fans_win_praise/). *Northern Echo*. 20 May 2006. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031235/http://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/sport/7164139._Impeccable__Boro_fans_win_praise/) 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 14 February 2014.

1. ["Boro fans praised for behaviour"](http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/tees/4812092.stm). *BBC News*. 16 March 2006. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160113012651/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/tees/4812092.stm) 13 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 31 August 2007.

1. ["Football: Television the new Slaven trade"](https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football-television-the-new-slaven-trade-1153259.html). *[Independent.co.uk](/source/Independent.co.uk)*. 29 March 1998. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20170930175423/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football-television-the-new-slaven-trade-1153259.html) 30 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 4 December 2017.

1. ["Boro first to take advantage of new TV rights regulations"](http://www.sportbusiness.com/news/100145/boro-first-to-take-advantage-of-new-tv-rights-regulations). sportbusiness.com. 31 August 2001. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20120817200017/http://www.sportbusiness.com/news/100145/boro-first-to-take-advantage-of-new-tv-rights-regulations) 17 August 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 31 August 2007.

1. ["Boro television channel to close"](https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/m/middlesbrough/4641295.stm). *BBC Sport*. 1 July 2005. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160113012652/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/m/middlesbrough/4641295.stm) 13 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 31 August 2007.

1. ["Official website"](https://web.archive.org/web/20080907103650/http://mfc.co.uk/). Middlesbrough F.C. Archived from [the original](http://www.mfc.co.uk) on 7 September 2008. Retrieved 31 August 2007.

1. ["Success is taken as read (section title)"](https://web.archive.org/web/20101107032332/http://www.gazettelive.co.uk/boro-fc/boro-fc-news/tm_headline%3Dwe-ll-be-spot-on%26method%3Dfull%26objectid%3D18751361%26siteid%3D109975-name_page.html). *Evening Gazette*. 14 March 2007. Archived from [the original](http://www.gazettelive.co.uk/boro-fc/boro-fc-news/tm_headline=we-ll-be-spot-on&method=full&objectid=18751361&siteid=109975-name_page.html) on 7 November 2010. Retrieved 10 October 2008.

1. Johns, Craig (22 November 2023). ["Boro fanzine Fly Me To The Moon overcame many challenges to celebrate 35 years"](https://www.gazettelive.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/middlesbrough-fanzine-fly-moon-overcame-28149576). *[Teesside Live](/source/Teesside_Live)*. Retrieved 1 September 2025.

1. Johns, Craig (25 August 2025). ["Pride for popular Boro fanzine Fly Me To The Moon as they become record holders"](https://www.gazettelive.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/pride-popular-middlesbrough-fanzine-fly-32303651). *[Teesside Live](/source/Teesside_Live)*. Retrieved 1 September 2025.

1. ["MFC Foundation Launched"](https://web.archive.org/web/20131211062304/http://www.mfc.co.uk/page/news/latest/0,,1~3107912,00.html). Middlesbrough F.C. Archived from [the original](http://www.mfc.co.uk/page/news/latest/0,,1~3107912,00.html) on 11 December 2013. Retrieved 14 February 2014.

1. ["Blair Praises Community Role"](https://archive.today/20140214234345/http://www.mfc.co.uk/page/news/latest/0,,1~1168641,00.html). Middlesbrough F.C. Archived from [the original](http://www.mfc.co.uk/page/news/latest/0,,1~1168641,00.html) on 14 February 2014. Retrieved 14 February 2014.

1. ["Funders and Sponsors"](http://www.mfcic.co.uk/mfcic/corporate/funders_and_sponsors.html). mfcic.co.uk. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20070519202346/http://www.mfcic.co.uk/mfcic/corporate/funders_and_sponsors.html) 19 May 2007 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 10 December 2007.

1. ["Boro Inspire Enterprise Push"](https://archive.today/20140214234312/http://www.mfc.co.uk/page/news/latest/0,,1~1264934,00.html). Middlesbrough F.C. 14 March 2008. Archived from [the original](http://www.mfc.co.uk/page/news/latest/0,,1~1264934,00.html) on 14 February 2014. Retrieved 14 February 2014.

1. ["Boro are charity champs"](http://www.gazettelive.co.uk/news/local-news/boro-are-charity-champs-3737289). *Evening Gazette*. 10 December 2007. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140221171236/http://www.gazettelive.co.uk/news/local-news/boro-are-charity-champs-3737289) 21 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 14 February 2014.

1. ["Boro Heroes Star in the Community"](https://web.archive.org/web/20090418013932/http://www.mfc.premiumtv.co.uk/page/News/ClubNewsDetail/0%2C%2C1~1499019%2C00.html). Middlesbrough F.C. 24 December 2008. Archived from [the original](http://www.mfc.premiumtv.co.uk/page/News/ClubNewsDetail/0,,1~1499019,00.html) on 18 April 2009. Retrieved 24 December 2008.

1. ["Boro's Annual Charter Report"](https://web.archive.org/web/20090303052041/http://www.mfc.premiumtv.co.uk/page/News/ClubNewsDetail/0%2C%2C1~586586%2C00.html). Middlesbrough F.C. Archived from [the original](http://www.mfc.premiumtv.co.uk/page/News/ClubNewsDetail/0,,1~586586,00.html) on 3 March 2009. Retrieved 26 January 2008.

1. ["Boro's Steel Fight Goes On"](https://archive.today/20140214234309/http://www.mfc.co.uk/page/news/latest/0,,1~1798024,00.html). Middlesbrough F.C. 16 September 2009. Archived from [the original](http://www.mfc.co.uk/page/news/latest/0,,1~1798024,00.html) on 14 February 2014. Retrieved 14 February 2014.

1. ["Who's who"](https://www.mfc.co.uk/club-2/whos-who). Retrieved 21 July 2022.

1. ["Marwood Takes on U18s Role"](https://www.mfc.co.uk/news/2023/july/10/marwood-takes-on-u18s-role/). 10 July 2023.

1. ["Boro's Bosses"](https://web.archive.org/web/20190523204037/https://www.mfc.co.uk/club-community/club/mfc-history/boros-bosses). Middlesbrough F.C. Archived from [the original](https://www.mfc.co.uk/club-community/club/mfc-history/boros-bosses) on 23 May 2019. Retrieved 14 June 2019.

1. ["WATCH: Jonathan Woodgate Unveiled As Boro Head Coach"](https://web.archive.org/web/20190823223044/https://www.mfc.co.uk/news/watch-jonathan-woodgate-unveiled-as-boro-head-coach). Middlesbrough F.C. 14 June 2019. Archived from [the original](https://www.mfc.co.uk/news/watch-jonathan-woodgate-unveiled-as-boro-head-coach) on 23 August 2019. Retrieved 14 June 2019.

1. ["Club Confirm Retained List"](https://www.mfc.co.uk/news/2025/may/16/club-confirm-retained-list/). *News – Middlesbrough FC*. 16 May 2025. Retrieved 4 January 2025.

1. ["Boro Legends"](http://www.gazettelive.co.uk/boro-fc/boro-legends/). *Evening Gazette*. 13 August 2007. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20080123154521/http://www.gazettelive.co.uk/boro-fc/boro-legends/) 23 January 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 1 August 2009.

1. Rollin, Glenda & Rollin, Jack (2006). *Sky Sports Football Yearbook 2006–2007*. Headline. ISBN 0-7553-1526-X.

1. ["Sport: Football Legends list in full"](http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sport/football/144986.stm). *BBC Sport*. 5 August 1998. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160112220804/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sport/football/144986.stm) 12 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 31 August 2007.

1. ["Hall of Fame"](https://nationalfootballmuseum.com/hall-of-fame/). *National Football Museum*. Retrieved 15 November 2025.

1. ["Hall of Fame"](https://www.scottishfootballmuseum.org.uk/exhibitions/hall-of-fame/). *Scottish Football Museum*. Retrieved 15 November 2025.

1. ["Boro's nearly men"](https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/fa_cup/1923695.stm). *BBC Sport*. 12 April 2002. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160113012724/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/fa_cup/1923695.stm) 13 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 26 May 2008.

1. ["Other Records"](https://web.archive.org/web/20140402204127/http://www.middlesbrough-mad.co.uk/sngl/ed21/other_history_section/index.shtml). middlesbrough-mad.co.uk. Archived from [the original](http://www.middlesbrough-mad.co.uk/sngl/ed21/other_history_section/index.shtml) on 2 April 2014. Retrieved 14 February 2014.

1. ["Kirin Cup"](https://www.rsssf.org/tablesk/kirin.html). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20070821100635/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesk/kirin.html) 21 August 2007 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 31 August 2007.

## External links

**Official websites**

- [MFC.co.uk](http://www.mfc.co.uk) – official club website
- [Middlesbrough](https://www.efl.com/clubs-and-competitions/sky-bet-championship/clubs/middlesbrough/) at [The Football League](/source/The_Football_League)'s official website

**News sites**

- [Middlesbrough news](http://www.skysports.com/football/team/0,19734,11680,00.html) from [Sky Sports](/source/Sky_Sports)

---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Middlesbrough F.C.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middlesbrough_F.C.) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middlesbrough_F.C.?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.