# Middlebackite

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**Middlebackite** is an organic mineral with the formula Cu2C2O4(OH)2. It was first discovered within a boulder from the Iron Monarch [quarry](/source/Quarry) in [South Australia](/source/South_Australia) in June 1990.[2] Peter Elliott from the [University of Adelaide](/source/University_of_Adelaide), Australia, identified the structure of the mineral 25 years later. He determined its crystal structure through [single-crystal X-ray diffraction](/source/X-ray_crystallography#Overview_of_single-crystal_X-ray_diffraction) using [synchrotron radiation](/source/Synchrotron_radiation). Elliot named the mineral for the [Middleback Range](/source/Middleback_Range) where it originated.[3] In 2018 middlebackite was found in [Val di Fiemme](/source/Val_di_Fiemme), Italy, during researches that brought to the discovery of a new mineral named [fiemmeite](/source/Fiemmeite).[4]

## Localities

- Australia: Iron Monarch open cut, [Iron Knob](/source/Iron_Knob), Middleback Range, [Eyre Peninsula](/source/Eyre_Peninsula), South Australia
- Italy: Passo di san Lugano, near [Carano](/source/Carano)

## References

1. Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". *Mineralogical Magazine*. **85** (3): 291–320. [Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021MinM...85..291W). [doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43](https://doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2021.43). [S2CID 235729616](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:235729616)

1. ["Middlebackite: Middlebackite mineral information and data."](https://www.mindat.org/min-47562.html). *www.mindat.org*. Retrieved 2017-09-01.

1. ["Carbon Mineral Challenge Update Spring 2016: Four New Minerals Found"](http://mineralchallenge.net/carbon-mineral-challenge-update-spring-2016-four-new-minerals-found/). *Carbon Mineral Challenge*. Retrieved 2017-09-01.

1. Demartin, Francesco; Campostrini, Italo; Ferretti, Paolo; Rocchetti, Ivano (2018). "Fiemmeite Cu2(C2O4)(OH)2∙2H2O, a New Mineral from Val di Fiemme, Trentino, Italy". *Minerals*. **8** (6): 248. [doi:10.3390/min8060248](https://doi.org/10.3390/min8060248). [hdl:2434/583094](https://hdl.handle.net/2434/583094)

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