# Middle European Cooperation in Statistical Physics

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The **Middle European Cooperation in Statistical Physics (MECO)** is an international conference on [statistical physics](/source/Statistical_physics) which takes place every year in a different country of Europe.[1] MECO evolved in the early 1970s with the aim of bridging the gap between the communities of scientists from the Eastern and Western parts of Europe, separated as they were by the [Iron Curtain](/source/Iron_Curtain). Since then, MECO conferences have become the yearly nomadic reference meetings for the community of scientists who are active in the field of Statistical Physics in the broader sense, including modern interdisciplinary applications to [biology](/source/Biology), [Finance](/source/Finance), [information theory](/source/Information_theory), and [quantum computation](/source/Quantum_computation).

## History

The MECO conferences were deliberately created as an attempt to establish and maintain an exchange between scientists in the fields of [statistical](/source/Statistical_physics) and [condensed matter physics](/source/Condensed_matter_physics) from Western and Eastern countries, overcoming the hurdles of the "Iron Curtain".[2] In 1972, the Hungarian theorist [Peter Szépfalusy](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter_Sz%C3%A9pfalusy&action=edit&redlink=1) started activities about organising a meeting of physicists from middle European countries, who worked in the area of [critical phenomena](/source/Critical_phenomena). Another meeting took place in Budapest in the following year and the first MECO conference was organized 1974 in Vienna. Founding fathers of the conference included physicists, experimentalists as well as theorists, doing, especially, research on [ferroelectricity](/source/Ferroelectricity), like [Robert Blinc](/source/Robert_Blinc) from [Jugoslavia](/source/Jugoslavia) and [K. Alex Müller](/source/K._Alex_M%C3%BCller) from [Switzerland](/source/Switzerland).

In order to develop this concept in the mid-1970s and 1980's, the original intention was to have each year a conference, alternating on either side of the Iron Curtain. If it took place on the Eastern side, scientists from the communist countries could easier obtain permission to travel to the conference site. In addition, it was deemed essential to provide free (or very cheap) accommodation for participants and the low cost of attending MECO was also useful after the fall of the Iron Curtain, due to the resulting difficult economic situation in the Eastern part of Europe in the 1990s.

In this way, the organizers of the early MECO conferences succeeded, perhaps for the first time, to bring numerous scientists, despite the political difficulties, together and to create a lively atmosphere of fruitful scientific exchange. This has greatly helped to establish many collaborations which lasted up to the present time, when, partly thanks to the [European Union](/source/European_Union), many more such collaborations have become possible. The ties created by MECO, however, still are useful to help scientific exchange, even though the scientific emphasis has changed from the traditional fields of statistical mechanics and solid-state physics to interdisciplinary themes of current interest as well.

In February 2022 the Ukrainian member of MECO was attacked by Russian military forces. Ukraine's President Zelenskyy, said a new Iron Curtain is coming. This situation disposed the MECO advisory board to the following [Statement](https://sites.google.com/site/mecoconferencephysics/home):

"The advisory board of MECO is shocked by the actions of the leadership of Russia against Ukraine – a MECO member. This act of violence goes against the values and aspirations of Europe’s scientists who, with the creation of MECO in 1974, sought to overcome the iron curtain that divided Eastern and Western countries.

The invasion of a free country is a brutal attack on the freedom of all nations, communities, and individuals. MECO’s aim is to enable scientific freedom for the academic community as an essential part of peaceful cooperation between countries. Academic freedom is only possible by respecting national freedom. The advisory board therefore calls on the academic community worldwide to maintain and support these values by condemning the actions of Russia’s leadership and calling for withdrawal of Russian forces from Ukraine with immediate effect."

## Past conferences

MECO usually gathers from 100 to 150 scientists almost every year. Below is the list of the past conference and their locations. Green color denotes the ones which took place on west side of Iron Curtain, red color – those on east. Such separation disappeared naturally after fall of USSR in 1991.

Year Conference Location Country 1974 MECO Vienna 1975 MECO 2 Regensburg 1976 MECO 3 Bled 1977 MECO 4 Unterägeri 1978 MECO 5 Boszkowo 1979 MECO 6 Trieste 1980 MECO 7 Budapest 1981 MECO 8 Saarbrücken 1982 MECO 9 Wien 1983 MECO 10 Bled 1984 MECO 11 Gernrode 1985 MECO 12 Aussois 1986 MECO 13 Liblice 1987 MECO 14 Puidoux 1988 MECO 15 Karpacz 1989 MECO 16 Siena 1990 MECO 17 Balatonfüred 1991 MECO 18 Duisburg 1994 MECO 19 Smolenice 1995 MECO 20 Wels 1996 MECO 21 Bled 1997 MECO 22 Szklarska Poręba 1998 MECO 23 Trieste 1999 MECO 24 Wittenberg 2000 MECO 25 Pont-a-Mousson 2001 MECO 26 Prague 2002 MECO 27 Sopron 2003 MECO 28 Saarbrücken 2004 MECO 29 Bratislava 2005 MECO 30 Cortona 2006 MECO 31 Primošten 2007 MECO 32 Lądek-Zdrój 2008 MECO 33 Wels 2009 MECO 34 Leipzig 2010 MECO 35 Pont-a-Mousson 2011 MECO 36 Lviv 2012 MECO 37 Tatranské Matliare 2013 MECO 38 Trieste 2014 MECO 39 Coventry 2015 MECO 40 Esztergom 2016 MECO 41 Vienna 2017 MECO 42 Lyon 2018 MECO 43 Kraków 2019 MECO 44 Kloster Seeon 2020 MECO 45 Cluj 2021 MECO 46 Riga 2022 MECO47 Erice 2023 MECO48 Stará Lesná 2024 MECO49 Kranjska Gora 2025 MECO50 Dubrovnik 2026 MECO51 Pont-a-Mousson

## Future conferences

[MECO51] will take place in Pont-a-Mousson (France) on May 18–22, 2026.

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** [MECO site](https://sites.google.com/site/mecoconferencephysics/home)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** [R. Folk, Knotting the MECO Network, Entropy 23(2):141 (2021)](https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/2/141/htm)

## External links

- (in German) [Physicists with complex systems are working far away from equilibrium at the international 34th Conference MECO34 in Leipzig.](http://www.uni-leipzig.de/service/kommunikation/medienredaktion/nachrichten.html?ifab_modus=detail&ifab_uid=4ea83d951920171213143127&ifab_id=3303)

- (in French) [Symposium: MECO 35 - Lorraine](http://www.dr6.cnrs.fr/CNRS-HEBDO/Lettre/93/Lettre.aspx)

- (in Ukrainian) [MECO statistical physics forum will take place in Lviv for the first time](https://zaxid.net/u_lvovi_vpershe_vidbudetsya_svitoviy_forum_iz_statistichnoyi_fiziki_meco_n1126278)

- (in Ukrainian) [Article about MECO 36 in student newspaper](http://audytoriya.lpnu.ua/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Aud_2011_12_web.pdf)

- [MECO38 in Trieste, Italy](http://indico.ictp.it/event/a12170)

- [41st conference of the Middle European Cooperation in Statistical Physics (MECO)](https://comp-phys.univie.ac.at/newshighlights/details-news/news/41st-conference-of-the-middle-european-cooperation-in-statistical-physics-meco/)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Middle European Cooperation in Statistical Physics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_European_Cooperation_in_Statistical_Physics) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_European_Cooperation_in_Statistical_Physics?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.