# Microgyrus

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In [neuroanatomy](/source/Neuroanatomy), a **microgyrus** is an area of the [cerebral cortex](/source/Cerebral_cortex) that includes only four [cortical layers](/source/Cortical_layers) instead of six.

Microgyria are believed by some to be part of the genetic lack of prenatal development which is a cause of, or one of the causes of, [dyslexia](/source/Dyslexia).

[Albert Galaburda](/source/Albert_Galaburda) of [Harvard Medical School](/source/Harvard_Medical_School) noticed that [language centers](/source/Language_center) in dyslexic brains showed microscopic flaws known as [ectopias](/source/Neuronal_ectopia) and microgyria (Galaburda *et al.*, 2006, *Nature Neuroscience* **9**(10): 1213–1217). Both affect the normal six-layer structure of the [cortex](/source/Cerebral_cortex). These flaws affect connectivity and functionality of the cortex in critical areas related to sound and [visual processing](/source/Visual_processing). These and similar structural abnormalities may be the basis of the inevitable and hard to overcome difficulty in reading.

## External links

- [The neurological basis of developmental dyslexia](http://www-toulouse.inserm.fr/srv/bmip/fdrech/unites/U455/habibbrain.pdf)[dead link]
- [Another article on the subject](http://college.hmco.com/psychology/resources/instructors/news/news_20010406.html) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20010510084831/http://college.hmco.com/psychology/resources/instructors/news/news_20010406.html) 2001-05-10 at the Wayback Machine
- [Birthdates of neurons in induced microgyria](http://www.nervenet.org/netpapers/Rosen/MGBirth96/MGBirthMain.html) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20030514044507/http://www.nervenet.org/netpapers/Rosen/MGBirth96/MGBirthMain.html) 2003-05-14 at the Wayback Machine

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Microgyrus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microgyrus) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microgyrus?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.