# Michael Fitzgerald (cardinal)

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British Catholic cardinal (born 1937)

His Eminence Michael Fitzgerald MAfr OBE Cardinal, Apostolic Nuncio Fitzgerald in 2015 Church Catholic Church Appointed 15 February 2006 Retired 5 January 2013 Other post Cardinal-Deacon of Santa Maria in Portico (2019–present) Previous posts President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue (2002–2006) Secretary of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue (1987–2002) Titular Archbishop of Nepte (2002–2019) Titular Bishop of Nepte (1992–2002) Orders Ordination 3 February 1961 by William Godfrey Consecration 6 January 1992 by Pope John Paul II Created cardinal 5 October 2019 by Pope Francis Rank Cardinal deacon Personal details Born (1937-08-17) 17 August 1937 (age 88) Walsall, United Kingdom Alma mater SOAS University of London Pontifical Gregorian University Motto Fructum dabit

Styles of Michael Louis Fitzgerald Reference style His Eminence The Most Reverend Eminence Spoken style Your Eminence Religious style Cardinal Informal style Cardinal

**Michael Louis Fitzgerald** [MAfr](/source/Missionaries_of_Africa) [OBE](/source/Officer_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire) (born 17 August 1937) is a British [cardinal](/source/Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)) of the [Roman Catholic Church](/source/Catholic_Church) and an expert on Christian–Muslim relations. He has had the rank of [archbishop](/source/Archbishop) since 2002. At his retirement in 2012, he was the [Apostolic Nunciature to Egypt](/source/Apostolic_Nunciature_to_Egypt) and [delegate to the Arab League](/source/Apostolic_Delegation_to_the_Arab_League). He headed the [Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue](/source/Pontifical_Council_for_Interreligious_Dialogue) from 2002 to 2006. Pope Francis raised him to the rank of [cardinal](/source/Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)) on 5 October 2019.

Fitzgerald is an expert on [Islam](/source/Islam), Christian–Muslim relations and interreligious dialogue within the senior hierarchy of the Catholic Church. His publications include *Dieu rêve d'unité. Les catholiques et les religions: les leçons du dialogue. Entretiens avec [Annie Laurent](/source/Annie_Laurent)* (Paris, Bayard Presse, 2005) and (with John Borelli) *Interfaith Dialogue. A Catholic View*, (SPCK, London & Orbis Books, Maryknoll, NY, 2006), both translated into Italian. He is fluent in Arabic.

## Early life and education

Michael L. Fitzgerald was born in the UK in [Walsall](/source/Walsall), [Staffordshire](/source/Staffordshire), on 17 August 1937, into a [Roman Catholic](/source/Catholic) family of [Irish descent](/source/Irish_descent), and attended [Queen Mary's Grammar School](/source/Queen_Mary's_Grammar_School). Desiring from an early age to become a priest and a [missionary](/source/Missionary), he joined the junior seminary of the Missionaries of Africa ([White Fathers](/source/White_Fathers)) at the age of twelve, first in [Scotland](/source/Scotland), then in the [South of England](/source/South_of_England). He studied philosophy for two years, the first in England and the second in Ireland. He made his novitiate in the [Netherlands](/source/Netherlands) from 1956 to 1957 and pursued his theological studies from 1957 to 1961 in [Tunisia](/source/Tunisia), where he began learning [Arabic](/source/Arabic) and acquiring some knowledge of Islam. Cardinal [William Godfrey](/source/William_Godfrey), [Archbishop of Westminster](/source/Archbishop_of_Westminster), ordained him a priest of the Society of Missionaries of Africa ([White Fathers](/source/White_Fathers)) on 3 February 1961.[1]

Upon [ordination](/source/Ordination) in 1961 he was sent to Rome to study [Dogmatic Theology](/source/Dogmatic_Theology) at the [Pontifical Gregorian University](/source/Pontifical_Gregorian_University). Among his teachers was the [Jesuit](/source/Jesuit) theologian [Bernard Lonergan](/source/Bernard_Lonergan). This was the time of the [Second Vatican Council](/source/Second_Vatican_Council) (1962–1965) which provided the opportunity of attending lectures by theologians including [Karl Rahner](/source/Karl_Rahner) and [Yves Congar](/source/Yves_Congar). He completed his doctorate in Theology in 1965 on the missionary intention in the writings of the [Latin apologists](/source/List_of_early_Christian_writers).

## Scholar, teacher, and pastor

In 1965 he started a BA in Arabic at the [School of Oriental and African Studies](/source/School_of_Oriental_and_African_Studies), [University of London](/source/University_of_London), graduating in 1968, whereupon he became a lecturer at the Institut Pontifical d'Études Arabes (later renamed the [Pontifical Institute of Arab and Islamic Studies](/source/Pontifical_Institute_of_Arab_and_Islamic_Studies) (PISAI)).[2]

After one year lecturing at the PISAI, he was appointed lecturer in the Department of Religious Studies at [Makerere University](/source/Makerere_University), Kampala, [Uganda](/source/Uganda), where he taught courses on Islam to Muslim as well as to Christian students. In 1971 he returned to Rome to pursue his teaching and scholarly interests at the PISAI. From 1972 to 1978 he was Director of the PISAI. During this period Fitzgerald was involved in the creation of *Encounter, Documents for Christian-Muslim Understanding*, a periodical publication on Islam, and supervised the launch of *Islamochristiana*, a scholarly journal specialised in Christian-Muslim relations and interreligious dialogue. In 1972 he became consultor of the [Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue](/source/Pontifical_Council_for_Interreligious_Dialogue), then known as [Secretariat for Non-Christians](/source/Secretariat_for_Non-Christians).

In 1978 he returned to Africa to carry out parish work in [Sudan](/source/Sudan), in the town of [New Halfa](/source/New_Halfa) (Archdiocese of Khartoum). His duties included ministering to the Christian population while also cooperating with the Muslim community. In 1980 he was elected to the General Council of the [Missionaries of Africa](/source/Missionaries_of_Africa) in Rome, where he spent six years managing and organising.[3]

## Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue

In 1987 he was appointed Secretary of the Secretariat for Non-Christians, which was renamed the [Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue](/source/Pontifical_Council_for_Interreligious_Dialogue) (PCID) in 1988. In that capacity, Fitzgerald helped draft *[Dialogue and Proclamation](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dialogue_and_Proclamation&action=edit&redlink=1)*, one of the Roman Catholic Church's documents concerning the relationship between dialogue and evangelisation. On 16 December 1991, Fitzgerald was appointed titular bishop of [Nepte](/source/Nafta%2C_Tunisia). He was consecrated at Saint Peter's Basilica by [Pope John Paul II](/source/Pope_John_Paul_II) on 6 January 1992.[4]

On 1 October 2002, Pope John Paul named him to succeed Cardinal [Francis Arinze](/source/Francis_Arinze) as President of the PCID and gave him the rank of archbishop as well.[5][6] This made him the highest-ranking British citizen in the [Roman Curia](/source/Roman_Curia).[7]

## Diplomatic career

On 15 February 2006, [Pope Benedict XVI](/source/Pope_Benedict_XVI) appointed him [Apostolic Nuncio to Egypt](/source/Apostolic_Nunciature_to_Egypt) and Delegate to the [Arab League](/source/Arab_League), his first diplomatic posting.[8] He was one of the few nuncios not to have attended the [Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy](/source/Pontifical_Ecclesiastical_Academy). According to the BBC, "The decision by the German-born pontiff has caused a stir. Vatican watchers are trying to work out whether the move is a demotion or recognition of the special talents of the archbishop." Fitzgerald said: "My background in Arabic and Islamic studies is probably considered useful at this moment for the development of relations with Egypt and the rest of the Islamic world."[9] One Vatican correspondent said that the decision to send "the smartest guy in the Vatican on relations with Muslims" overseas was "the Pope's worst decision so far" and the press noted Fitzgerald's absence when Pope Benedict offended Muslims with his [Regensburg lecture](/source/Regensburg_lecture) in September 2006.[10] Fitzgerald's transfer proved to be part of Benedict's restructuring of curial departments to reorient interreligious discussions with non-Christians by uniting the role of president of the PCID with that of the [Pontifical Council for Culture](/source/Pontifical_Council_for_Culture), a restructuring that Benedict initiated in March 2006 and reversed in June 2007.[11][12][13]

He resigned from his diplomatic positions in October 2012.[14]

## Later career

In retirement, he remained at the Missionaries of Africa in Jerusalem until early 2019, when he returned to England to work in a Liverpool parish.[15]

On 1 September 2019, Pope Francis announced he would make him a [cardinal](/source/Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)). On 5 October 2019, Pope Francis made him [Cardinal-Deacon](/source/Cardinal-Deacon) of [Santa Maria in Portico](/source/Santa_Maria_in_Portico).[16]

## Views on interreligious dialogue

According to Fitzgerald, the impetus for interreligious dialogue in the Catholic Church stems from the Second Vatican Council, in particular the declaration *[Nostra aetate](/source/Nostra_aetate)* ('In our Time') on relations with other religions, especially Judaism but also Islam. In conveying for the first time a positive assessment of other religious traditions, the declaration emphasises dialogue between people rather than systems.[17] Fitzgerald further argues that the aim of interreligious dialogue is not to produce a new world religion or to achieve some sort of theological unity between all religions. In this, it differs radically from ecumenical dialogue conducted with the various Christian churches with a view to a unity of worship grounded on a unity of faith. Indeed, theological dialogue with followers of other religions, the 'dialogue of discourse', is especially difficult due to the divergence of beliefs, and requires participants with a thorough theological education, but such dialogue can serve to eliminate false problems. Other forms of dialogue are important, such as the dialogue of life, the dialogue of action and the dialogue of religious experience.[18]

Fitzgerald was appointed [Officer of the Order of the British Empire](/source/Officer_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire) (OBE) in the [2022 New Year Honours](/source/2022_New_Year_Honours) for services to interfaith and interchurch partnerships.[19][20]

## Works

- (with R. Dionne) *Catalysts*, The White Fathers of Africa, Dublin, 1980, revised edition 1998.

- (with R. Caspar) *Signs of Dialogue. Christian Encounter with Muslims*, Silsilah Publications, Zamboanga City, 1992.

- *Dieu rêve d'unité. Les catholiques et les religions: les leçons du dialogue. Entretiens avec Annie Laurent*, Paris, Bayard Presse, 2005.

- (with John Borelli) *Interfaith Dialogue. A Catholic View*, SPCK, London & Orbis Books, Maryknoll, NY, 2006.

## See also

- [Pope Benedict XVI Islam controversy](/source/Pope_Benedict_XVI_Islam_controversy)

- [Cardinals created by Francis](/source/Cardinals_created_by_Francis)

- [List of heads of the diplomatic missions of the Holy See](/source/List_of_heads_of_the_diplomatic_missions_of_the_Holy_See)

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** Fitzgerald, Michael, and Borelli, John, *Interfaith Dialogue. A Catholic View*, SPCK, London & Orbis Books, Maryknoll, NY, 2006, pp. 1–2.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** Fitzgerald, Michael, and Borelli, John, *Interfaith Dialogue. A Catholic View*, SPCK, London & Orbis Books, Maryknoll, NY, 2006, pp. 3–4.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** Fitzgerald, Michael, and Borelli, John, *Interfaith Dialogue. A Catholic View*, SPCK, London & Orbis Books, Maryknoll, NY, 2006, pp. 4–8.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Fitzgerald, Michael, and Borelli, John, *Interfaith Dialogue. A Catholic View*, SPCK, London & Orbis Books, Maryknoll, NY, 2006, pp. 8–10.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** ["Rinunce e Nomine, 02.10.2002"](http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2002/10/01/0483/01492.html) (Press release) (in Italian). [Holy See Press Office](/source/Holy_See_Press_Office). 1 October 2002. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230608103033/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2002/10/01/0483/01492.html) from the original on 8 June 2023. Retrieved 27 May 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** Fitzgerald, Michael, *Dieu rêve d'unité. Les catholiques et les religions: les leçons du dialogue*. Entretien a avec Annie Laurent, Paris, Bayard Presse, 2005. p. 17.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** Gould, Peter (6 April 2005). ["Pope's man out of a job"](http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4416911.stm). BBC News. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160315092315/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4416911.stm) from the original on 15 March 2016. Retrieved 12 July 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** ["Rinunce e Nomine, 15.02.2006"](http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2006/02/15/0081/00237.html) (Press release) (in Italian). [Holy See Press Office](/source/Holy_See_Press_Office). 15 February 2006. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230607110449/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2006/02/15/0081/00237.html) from the original on 7 June 2023. Retrieved 27 May 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** Gould, Peter (27 March 2006). ["British cleric's mission to Islam"](http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/4848960.stm). BBC News. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160305104315/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/4848960.stm) from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 12 July 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** Gould, Peter (16 September 2006). ["Pope remarks reveal harder stance"](http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/5352404.stm). BBC News. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20161205192746/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/5352404.stm) from the original on 5 December 2016. Retrieved 12 July 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** Kramer, Jane (26 March 2007). ["The Pope and Islam"](https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2007/04/02/the-pope-and-islam). *[The New Yorker](/source/The_New_Yorker)*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190713234449/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2007/04/02/the-pope-and-islam) from the original on 13 July 2019. Retrieved 26 May 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** Allen Jr., John L. (30 May 2007). ["Council for Interreligious Dialogue to be restored, Vatican says"](https://www.ncronline.org/news/council-interreligious-dialogue-be-restored-vatican-says). *National Catholic Reporter*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230307025027/https://www.ncronline.org/news/council-interreligious-dialogue-be-restored-vatican-says) from the original on 7 March 2023. Retrieved 27 May 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** Pullella, Philip (28 May 2007). ["Pope in about-face over Muslim dialogue office"](https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pope-muslims/pope-in-about-face-over-muslim-dialogue-office-idUSL2834877820070528?feedType=RSS). *Reuters*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20181203083758/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pope-muslims/pope-in-about-face-over-muslim-dialogue-office-idUSL2834877820070528?feedType=RSS) from the original on 3 December 2018. Retrieved 26 May 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** O'Connell, Gerard (30 May 2013). ["Archbishop Fitzgerald reflects on the Arab Spring"](https://www.lastampa.it/2013/05/30/vaticaninsider/archbishop-fitzgerald-reflects-on-the-arab-spring-nVtCMNofd5kbGDBQtg5YlM/pagina.html). *La Stampa*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190527033010/https://www.lastampa.it/2013/05/30/vaticaninsider/archbishop-fitzgerald-reflects-on-the-arab-spring-nVtCMNofd5kbGDBQtg5YlM/pagina.html) from the original on 27 May 2019. Retrieved 27 May 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** O'Connell, Gerard (1 September 2019). ["Pope to create 13 new cardinals in October, including three Jesuits"](https://www.americamagazine.org/faith/2019/09/01/pope-create-13-new-cardinals-october-including-three-jesuits). *[America](/source/America_(magazine))*. Retrieved 2 September 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-16)** ["Concistoro Ordinario Pubblico: Assegnazione dei Titoli, 05.10.2019"](http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2019/10/05/0778/01587.html) (Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. 5 October 2019. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20191204050340/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2019/10/05/0778/01587.html) from the original on 4 December 2019. Retrieved 5 October 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-17)** Fitzgerald, Michael, and Borelli, John, *Interfaith Dialogue. A Catholic View*, SPCK, London & Orbis Books, Maryknoll, NY, 2006, p. 28.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-18)** Fitzgerald, Michael, and Borelli, John, *Interfaith Dialogue. A Catholic View*, SPCK, London & Orbis Books, Maryknoll, NY, 2006, pp. 38, 95, 140; Fitzgerald, Michael, *Dieu rêve d'unité. Les catholiques et les religions: les leçons du dialogue*. Entretiens avec Annie Laurent, Paris, Bayard Presse, 2005. p. 71.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-19)** ["No. 63571"](https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/63571/supplement/N12). *[The London Gazette](/source/The_London_Gazette)* (Supplement). 1 January 2022. p. N12.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-20)** ["The 2022 New Year's Honours list in full, and what the different ranks mean"](https://inews.co.uk/news/new-years-honours-list-2022-full-who-mbe-obe-cbe-knight-dame-difference-explained-1378053). *inews.co.uk*. 31 December 2021. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20211231234048/https://inews.co.uk/news/new-years-honours-list-2022-full-who-mbe-obe-cbe-knight-dame-difference-explained-1378053) from the original on 31 December 2021. Retrieved 31 December 2021.

## External links

- ["Fitzgerald Card. Michael Louis, M. Afr"](https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_fitzgerald_ml.html). [Holy See Press Office](/source/Holy_See_Press_Office). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20241204085949/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_fitzgerald_ml.html) from the original on 4 December 2024.

Catholic Church titles Preceded by Marcello Zago Secretary of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue 22 January 1987 – 1 October 2002 Succeeded by Pier Luigi Celata Preceded by Camillo Ruini — TITULAR — Titular Bishop of Nepte 16 December 1991 – 1 October 2002 Himself as Titular Archbishop Himself as Titular Bishop — TITULAR — Titular Archbishop of Nepte 1 October 2002 – 5 October 2019 Succeeded by Ignacio Damián Medina Preceded by Francis Arinze President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue 1 October 2002 – 15 February 2006 Succeeded by Paul Poupard Prefect of the Commission for Religious Relations with Muslims 1 October 2002 – 15 February 2006 Diplomatic posts Preceded by Marco Dino Brogi Apostolic Nuncio to Egypt 15 February 2006 – 5 January 2013 Succeeded by Jean-Paul Aimé Gobel Delegate to the League of Arab States 15 February 2006 – 5 January 2013 Preceded by Andrea Cordero Lanza di Montezemolo Cardinal-Deacon of Santa Maria in Portico 5 October 2019 – Incumbent

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v t e Cardinals created by Francis 2014 Parolin Baldisseri Müller Stella Nichols Brenes Lacroix Kutwa Tempesta Bassetti Poli Yeom Ezzati Ouédraogo Quevedo Langlois Capovilla Aguilar Felix 2015 Mamberti Clemente Souraphiel Dew Menichelli Nhơn Suárez Inda Bo Kovitvanit Montenegro Sturla Blázquez Lacunza Gomes Furtado Mafi Pimiento De Magistris Rauber Villalba Langa 2016 Zenari Nzapalainga Osoro da Rocha Cupich D'Rozario Porras De Kesel Piat Farrell Aguiar Retes Ribat Tobin Fernandez Corti Khoarai Simoni 2017 Zerbo Omella Arborelius Mangkhanekhoun Rosa 2018 Sako Ladaria De Donatis Becciu Krajewski Coutts Marto Barreto Tsarahazana Petrocchi Maeda Obeso Ticona Bocos 2019 Ayuso de Mendonça Suharyo Hardjoatmodjo García Ambongo Hollerich Ramazzini Zuppi López Czerny Fitzgerald Tamkevičius Dal Corso 2020 Grech Semeraro Kambanda Gregory Advincula Aós Braco Sim Lojudice Gambetti Arizmendi Tomasi Cantalamessa Feroci 2022 Roche You Vérgez Aveline Okpaleke Steiner Ferrão McElroy do Carmo da Silva Cantoni Poola Costa Baawobr Goh Martínez Flores Marengo Jimenéz Miglio Ghirlanda Frezza 2023 Prevost Gugerotti Fernández Tscherrig Pierre Pizzaballa Brislin Rossi Rueda Ryś Mulla Cobo Rugambwa Francis Chow Bustillo Alves Aguiar Fernández Artime Marchetto Padrón Dri 2024 Acerbi Castillo Bokalic Cabrera Chomali Kikuchi David Nemet Spengler Bessi Dogbo Vesco Mathieu Repole Reina Leo Makrickas Bychok Radcliffe Baggio Koovakad Battaglia Catholic Church portal

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Michael Fitzgerald (cardinal)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Fitzgerald_(cardinal)) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Fitzgerald_(cardinal)?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.