# MiR-27

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**miR-27** is a family of [microRNA](/source/MicroRNA) precursors found in animals, including [humans](/source/Human).[1] MicroRNAs are typically transcribed as ~70 [nucleotide](/source/Nucleotide) precursors and subsequently processed by the [Dicer](/source/Dicer) enzyme to give a ~22 nucleotide product.[2] The excised region or, mature product, of the miR-27 precursor is the microRNA mir-27.

*[Herpesvirus saimiri](/source/Herpesvirus_saimiri)* expresses several non-coding RNAs ([HSURs](/source/HSUR)) which have been found to significantly reduce the level of mir-27 in a host cell.[3] It has been proposed that miR-27 operates together with miR-23 and mir-24 in a co-operative cluster.[4]

## Regulation of adipocyte differentiation

miR-27 is one of a number of microRNAs implicated in [cholesterol](/source/Cholesterol) homeostasis and [fatty acid metabolism](/source/Fatty_acid_metabolism).[5] The miR-27 gene family has been shown to be downregulated during the differentiation of adipocytes. miR-27 inhibits adipocyte formation when overexpressed, acting by blocking the expression of two main regulators of [adipogenesis](/source/Adipogenesis).[6] MicroRNAs miR-27a and -27b have been found to negatively regulate adipocyte differentiation through regulation of the [peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ)](/source/Peroxisome_proliferator-activated_receptor_gamma) post-transcriptionally, as well as [C/EBP alpha](/source/CEBPA) in the case of miR-27b.[7] miR-27 can be identified both as an adipogenic inhibitor and as playing an important role in the development of obesity.[6]

## Wnt signalling pathway

miR-27 is an activator of the [Wnt signalling pathway](/source/Wnt_signalling_pathway), affecting the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts.[8] miR-27 has been found to target and inhibit gene expression of the [adenomatous polyposis coli (APC)](/source/Adenomatous_polyposis_coli) protein, enabling it to regulate osteoblast differentiation. Expression levels of miR-27 are positively correlated with [beta-catenin](/source/Beta-catenin),[9] a key protein in Wnt signalling. There is activation of Wnt signalling through nuclear accumulation of this protein, which is in response to inhibition of the beta-catenin destruction complex. This in turn is brought about by APC inhibition of miR-27.[9]

## Cancer Regulation

miR-27 is known to regulate components involved in numerous types of cancer, including [breast](/source/Breast_cancer)[10][11] and [ovarian](/source/Ovarian_cancer).[12] miR-27a has been identified as an oncogenic microRNA and, specifically, is highly expressed in breast cancer cells. mir-27b expression is associated with survival in triple negative breast cancer patients.[13] Inhibition of miR-27 by antisense molecules decreases cell proliferation.[14] Antisense RNA directed against miR-27a has been shown to decrease the percentage of cells in S phase whilst also increasing those in the G2-M phase.[15]

The [FOXO (Forkhead Box O)](/source/FOXO) gene sub-family encodes tumour-suppressive transcription factors that regulate multiple aspects of cell cycle progression and survival. FOXO1 protein expression is down-regulated in breast tumour tissue samples; miR-27a has been identified as one of three miRNAS (along with miR-96 and miR-182) which directly target FOXO1 and regulate its endogenous expression. Suppression of miR-27a results in a FOXO1 protein increase and a consequent cell number decrease.[15]

## References

1. Landgraf, P; Rusu, M; Sheridan, R; Sewer, A; Iovino, N; Aravin, A; Pfeffer, S; Rice, A et al. (Jun 29, 2007). "A mammalian microRNA expression atlas based on small RNA library sequencing.". *Cell*. **129** (7): 1401–14. [doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.04.040](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2007.04.040). [PMC 2681231](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2681231). [PMID 17604727](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17604727)

1. Ambros, V (2001). "microRNAs: tiny regulators with great potential". *Cell*. **107** (7): 823–826. [doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00616-X](https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00616-X). [PMID 11779458](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11779458). [S2CID 14574186](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:14574186)

1. Cazalla, D; Yario, T; Steitz, JA (Jun 18, 2010). "Down-regulation of a host microRNA by a Herpesvirus saimiri noncoding RNA.". *Science*. **328** (5985): 1563–6. [Bibcode:2010Sci...328.1563C](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010Sci...328.1563C). [doi:10.1126/science.1187197](https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1187197). [PMC 3075239](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3075239). [PMID 20558719](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20558719)

1. Chhabra, R; Dubey, R; Saini, N (Sep 3, 2010). "Cooperative and individualistic functions of the microRNAs in the miR-23a~27a~24-2 cluster and its implication in human diseases.". *Molecular Cancer*. **9**. [doi:10.1186/1476-4598-9-232](https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-4598-9-232). [PMC 2940846](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2940846). [PMID 20815877](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20815877)

1. Fernández-Hernando, C; Suárez, Y; Rayner, KJ; Moore, KJ (April 2011). "MicroRNAs in lipid metabolism.". *Current Opinion in Lipidology*. **22** (2): 86–92. [doi:10.1097/MOL.0b013e3283428d9d](https://doi.org/10.1097/MOL.0b013e3283428d9d). [PMC 3096067](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3096067). [PMID 21178770](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21178770)

1. Lin Q, Gao Z, Alarcon RM, Ye J, Yun Z (2009). "A role of miR-27 in the regulation of adipogenesis.". *FEBS J*. **276** (8): 2348–58. [doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.06967.x](https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.06967.x). [PMC 5330386](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5330386). [PMID 19348006](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19348006)

1. Kim SY, Kim AY, Lee HW, Son YH, Lee GY, Lee JW, etal (2010). "miR-27a is a negative regulator of adipocyte differentiation via suppressing PPARgamma expression.". *Biochem Biophys Res Commun*. **392** (3): 323–8. [Bibcode:2010BBRC..392..323K](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010BBRC..392..323K). [doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.01.012](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.01.012). [PMID 20060380](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20060380)

1. Wang, T & Xu, Z (Nov 12, 2010). "miR-27 promotes osteoblast differentiation by modulating Wnt signaling.". *Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications*. **402** (2): 186–9. [Bibcode:2010BBRC..402..186W](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010BBRC..402..186W). [doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.08.031](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.08.031). [PMID 20708603](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20708603)

1. Wang T, Xu Z (2010). "miR-27 promotes osteoblast differentiation by modulating Wnt signaling.". *Biochem Biophys Res Commun*. **402** (2): 186–9. [Bibcode:2010BBRC..402..186W](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010BBRC..402..186W). [doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.08.031](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.08.031). [PMID 20708603](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20708603)

1. Li, X; Mertens-Talcott, SU; Zhang, S; Kim, K; Ball, J; Safe, S (June 2010). "MicroRNA-27a Indirectly Regulates Estrogen Receptor {alpha} Expression and Hormone Responsiveness in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells.". *Endocrinology*. **151** (6): 2462–73. [doi:10.1210/en.2009-1150](https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2009-1150). [PMC 2875816](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2875816). [PMID 20382698](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20382698)

1. Guttilla, IK & White, BA (Aug 28, 2009). "Coordinate regulation of FOXO1 by miR-27a, miR-96, and miR-182 in breast cancer cells.". *The Journal of Biological Chemistry*. **284** (35): 23204–16. [doi:10.1074/jbc.M109.031427](https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M109.031427). [PMC 2749094](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2749094). [PMID 19574223](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19574223)

1. Kontorovich, T; Levy, A; Korostishevsky, M; Nir, U; Friedman, E (Aug 1, 2010). "Single nucleotide polymorphisms in miRNA binding sites and miRNA genes as breast/ovarian cancer risk modifiers in Jewish high-risk women.". *International Journal of Cancer*. **127** (3): 589–97. [doi:10.1002/ijc.25065](https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.25065). [PMID 19950226](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19950226). [S2CID 29984487](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:29984487)

1. Lánczky, András; Nagy, Ádám; Bottai, Giulia; Munkácsy, Gyöngyi; Szabó, András; Santarpia, Libero; Győrffy, Balázs (2016-12-01). "miRpower: a web-tool to validate survival-associated miRNAs utilizing expression data from 2178 breast cancer patients". *Breast Cancer Research and Treatment*. **160** (3): 439–446. [doi:10.1007/s10549-016-4013-7](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-016-4013-7). [ISSN 1573-7217](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1573-7217). [PMID 27744485](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27744485). [S2CID 11165696](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:11165696)

1. Mertens-Talcott SU, Chintharlapalli S, Li X, Safe S (2007). "The oncogenic microRNA-27a targets genes that regulate specificity protein transcription factors and the G2-M checkpoint in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.". *Cancer Res*. **67** (22): 11001–11. [doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-2416](https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-2416). [PMID 18006846](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18006846)

1. Guttilla IK, White BA (2009). "Coordinate regulation of FOXO1 by miR-27a, miR-96, and miR-182 in breast cancer cells.". *J Biol Chem*. **284** (35): 23204–16. [doi:10.1074/jbc.M109.031427](https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M109.031427). [PMC 2749094](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2749094). [PMID 19574223](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19574223)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [MiR-27](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MiR-27) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MiR-27?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.