# Meleagrin

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**Meleagrin** and its derivatives such as [oxaline](/source/Oxaline) are bio-active [benzylisoquinoline](/source/Benzylisoquinoline) [alkaloids](/source/Alkaloids) made by various species of *[Penicillium](/source/Penicillium)* fungi.[1] It is similar to other fungal alkaloids, such as [Roquefortine C](/source/Roquefortine_C), which is made as an intermediate in the same biosynthetic pathway.

It was suggested to have inhibitory activity on [fatty acid synthesis](/source/Fatty_acid_synthesis) for the bacteria *[Staphylococcus aureus](/source/Staphylococcus_aureus)* and *[Streptococcus pneumoniae](/source/Streptococcus_pneumoniae)*.[2]

## Biosynthesis

The biosynthetic pathway was determined to contain several genes, including a [non-ribosomal peptide synthetase](/source/Nonribosomal_peptide).[3] The biosynthesis begins by cyclizing the two amino acids [histidine](/source/Histidine) and [tryptophan](/source/Tryptophan), and is the followed by the addition of an [isoprene](/source/Isoprene), and several ring rearrangement steps.[4]

## References

1. Du, L; Feng, T; Zhao, B; Li, D; Cai, S; Zhu, T; Wang, F; Xiao, X; Gu, Q (April 2010). "Alkaloids from a deep ocean sediment-derived fungus Penicillium sp. and their antitumor activities.". *The Journal of Antibiotics*. **63** (4): 165–70. [doi:10.1038/ja.2010.11](https://doi.org/10.1038/ja.2010.11). [PMID 20186171](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20186171). [S2CID 12744541](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:12744541)

1. Zheng, CJ; Sohn, MJ; Lee, S; Kim, WG (2013). "Meleagrin, a new FabI inhibitor from Penicillium chryosogenum with at least one additional mode of action.". *PLOS ONE*. **8** (11). [Bibcode:2013PLoSO...878922Z](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013PLoSO...878922Z). [doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078922](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0078922). [PMC 3842914](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3842914). [PMID 24312171](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24312171)

1. Ali, Hazrat; Ries, Marco I.; Nijland, Jeroen G.; Lankhorst, Peter P.; Hankemeier, Thomas; Bovenberg, Roel A. L.; Vreeken, Rob J.; Driessen, Arnold J. M. (12 June 2013). "A Branched Biosynthetic Pathway Is Involved in Production of Roquefortine and Related Compounds in Penicillium chrysogenum". *PLOS ONE*. **8** (6). [Bibcode:2013PLoSO...865328A](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013PLoSO...865328A). [doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0065328](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0065328). [PMC 3680398](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3680398). [PMID 23776469](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23776469)

1. García-Estrada, Carlos; Ullán, Ricardo V.; Albillos, Silvia M.; Fernández-Bodega, María Ángeles; Durek, Pawel; von Döhren, Hans; Martín, Juan F. (23 November 2011). "A Single Cluster of Coregulated Genes Encodes the Biosynthesis of the Mycotoxins Roquefortine C and Meleagrin in Penicillium chrysogenum". *Chemistry & Biology*. **18** (11): 1499–1512. [doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2011.08.012](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chembiol.2011.08.012). [PMID 22118684](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22118684)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Meleagrin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meleagrin) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meleagrin?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.