# Melanopsidae

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{{Short description|Family of gastropods}}
{{Automatic taxobox 
| fossil_range= {{fossil range|90|recent}}<ref name="Bandel 2000"/>
| image = Melanopsis praemorsa buccinoidea A MRKVICKA.JPG
| image_caption = A live ''[Melanopsis praemorsa](/source/Melanopsis_praemorsa)''
| image2 = Esperiana daudebarti thermalis A MRKVICKA.JPG
| image2_caption = A live ''[Esperiana daudebartii](/source/Esperiana_daudebartii) thermalis''
| taxon = Melanopsidae
| authority = [H. Adams](/source/Henry_Adams_(zoologist)) & [A. Adams](/source/Arthur_Adams_(zoologist)), 1854<ref>[Adams H.](/source/Henry_Adams_(zoologist)) & [Adams A.](/source/Arthur_Adams_(zoologist)) (1854).<!--February--> ''The genera of Recent Mollusca'' '''1''': 309.</ref>
| diversity_link = 
| diversity_ref = <ref name="Strong 2008">Strong E. E., Gargominy O., [Ponder W. F.](/source/Winston_Ponder) & Bouchet P. (2008). "Global Diversity of Gastropods (Gastropoda; Mollusca) in Freshwater". ''[Hydrobiologia](/source/Hydrobiologia)'' '''595''': 149-166. {{hdl|10088/7390}} {{doi|10.1007/s10750-007-9012-6}}.</ref>
| diversity =
about 25-50 extant freshwater species,<br/>
several hundreds of fossil species and subspecies<ref name="Neubauer 2016">Neubauer T. A., Harzhauser M., Mandic O., Georgopoulou E. & Kroh A. (2016). " Paleobiogeography and historical biogeography of the non-marine caenogastropod family Melanopsidae". ''[Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology](/source/Palaeogeography%2C_Palaeoclimatology%2C_Palaeoecology)'' '''444''': 124–143. {{doi|10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.12.017}}.</ref>
| synonyms_ref = 
| synonyms =
Stomatopsinae Stache, 1889<ref>Stache (1889).<!--1 December--> ''[Abhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Geologischen Reichsanstalt](/source/Abhandlungen_der_Kaiserlich-K%C3%B6niglichen_Geologischen_Reichsanstalt)'' '''13'''(1): 90.</ref><br/>
Amphimelaniinae P. Fischer & Crosse, 1891<ref>Fischer P. & Crosse (1891).<!--23 July--> ''Mission scientifique au Mexique et dans l'Amérique Centrale. Recherches zoologiques'' (7)'''2'''(12): 312.</ref><br/>
Fagotiinae Starobogatov, 1992<ref>Starobogatov (1992). In: Starobogatov, Alexenko & Levina ''Biulleten' Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirody, Otdel Biologicheskii'' new ser. '''97'''(3): 58.</ref>
}}

'''Melanopsidae''', common name '''melanopsids''', is a [family](/source/Family_(taxonomy)) of [freshwater gastropod](/source/freshwater_gastropod)s in the clade [Sorbeoconcha](/source/Sorbeoconcha).<ref name="Bouchet 2005">{{Bouchet 2005}}</ref> Species in this family are native to southern and eastern [Europe](/source/Europe), northern [Africa](/source/Africa), parts of the [Middle East](/source/Middle_East), [New Zealand](/source/New_Zealand), and freshwater streams of some large [South Pacific](/source/Oceania) islands.<ref>Banarescu P. (1990). ''Zoogeography of Fresh Waters Vol. 1, General Distribution and Dispersal of Freshwater Animals.'' [AULA](/source/AULA)-[Verlag Wiesbaden](/source/Verlag_Wiesbaden).</ref>

These snails first appeared in the [Late Cretaceous](/source/Late_Cretaceous) and are closely related to [Potamididae](/source/Potamididae). As well as unidirectional evolutionary change from one species to the next over time, the process of [hybrid](/source/Hybrid_(biology))ization plays a major role in the appearance of new Melanopsidae species.<ref name="Bandel 2000">Bandel K. (2000). "Speciation among the Melanopsidae (Caenogastropoda). Special emphasis to the Melanopsidae of the Pannonian Lake at Pontian time (Late Miocene) and the Pleistocene and Recent of Jordan". ''Mitt. Geol.-Paläont. Inst. Univ. Hamburg'', Heft 84.</ref>

According to the [taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005)](/source/Taxonomy_of_the_Gastropoda_(Bouchet_%26_Rocroi%2C_2005)) the family Melanopsidae has no subfamilies.<ref name="Bouchet 2005"/>

==Genera==
Genera in the family Melanopsidae include:
* ''[Esperiana](/source/Esperiana)'' {{small|Bourguignat, 1877}}<ref name="Glöer 2002"/> - synonym: ''[Fagotia](/source/Fagotia)'' Bourguignat, 1884<ref name="Bouchet 2005"/><ref name="PD"/><ref>Neubauer, Thomas A.; Bouchet, P. (2017). ''Esperiana'' Bourguignat, 1877. In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=754674 on 2017-11-26</ref>
* ''[Holandriana](/source/Holandriana)'' {{small|Bourguignat, 1884}}<ref name="Glöer 2002"/> - synonym: ''[Amphimelania](/source/Amphimelania)'' P. Fischer, 1885<ref name="Bouchet 2005"/><ref name="PD"/><ref>Neubauer, Thomas A.; Bank, R.; Bouchet, P. (2017). ''Holandriana'' Bourguignat, 1884. In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=738624 on 2017-11-26</ref>
** ''[Holandriana holandrii](/source/Holandriana_holandrii)'' {{small|(C. Pfeiffer, 1828)}}<ref name="Glöer 2002"/><ref>[http://www.animalbase.uni-goettingen.de/zooweb/servlet/AnimalBase/home/species?id=4129 "Species summary for ''Holandriana holandrii''"]. [AnimalBase](/source/AnimalBase), last modified 30 August 2010, accessed 26 June 2011.</ref> or ''[Amphimelania holandrii](/source/Amphimelania_holandrii)'' {{small|(C. Pfeiffer, 1828)}}<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121014211638/http://www.faunaeur.org/full_results.php?id=429634 "''Amphimelania holandrii'' (C. Pfeiffer 1828)"]. [Fauna Europaea](/source/Fauna_Europaea), accessed 26 June 2011.</ref>
* † ''[Megalonoda](/source/Megalonoda)'' {{small|Kollmann, 1984}}<ref>Neubauer, Thomas A. (2017). ''Megalonoda'' Kollmann, 1984 †. In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1035571 on 2017-11-26</ref>
* ''[Melanopsis](/source/Melanopsis)'' {{small|Férussac, 1807}} - type genus of the family Melanopsidae<ref name="Bouchet 2005"/><ref name="PD"/><ref name="Glöer 2002">Glöer P. (2002). ''Die Süßwassergastropoden Nord- und Mitteleuropas''. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands, ConchBooks, Hackenheim, 326 pp., {{ISBN|3-925919-60-0}}, page 190-194.</ref>
* ''[Microcolpia](/source/Microcolpia)'' {{small|Bourguignat, 1884}}<ref>Neubauer, Thomas A. (2016). ''Microcolpia'' Bourguignat, 1884. In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=820468 on 2017-11-26</ref>
* † ''[Pseudobellardia](/source/Pseudobellardia)'' {{small|Cox, 1931}}<ref name="PD">[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=120373 "Melanopsidae"]. [The Paleobiology Database](/source/The_Paleobiology_Database), accessed 26 June 2011.</ref>
* † ''[Pseudofagotia](/source/Pseudofagotia)'' {{small|Anistratenko, 1993}}<ref>Neubauer, Thomas A. (2017). ''Pseudofagotia'' Anistratenko, 1993 †. In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=820489 on 2017-11-26</ref>
* † ''[Stomatopsis](/source/Stomatopsis)'' {{small|Stache, 1871}}<ref name="Bouchet 2005"/><ref name="PD"/>
* † ''[Stilospirula](/source/Stilospirula)'' {{small|[Rovereto](/source/Gaetano_Rovereto), 1899}} - synonyms: ''Stylospirula'' Rovereto, 1899<ref name="PD"/><ref>Neubauer, Thomas A.; Bouchet, P. (2017). ''Stilospirula'' {{small|Rovereto, 1899}} †. In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=754681 on 2017-11-26</ref>
* † ''[Turripontica](/source/Turripontica)'' {{small|Anistratenko, 1993}}<ref>Neubauer, Thomas A. (2017). ''Turripontica'' Anistratenko, 1993 †. In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=820490 on 2017-11-26</ref>
* ''[Zemelanopsis](/source/Zemelanopsis)'' {{small|Finlay, 1927}}<ref name="Bandel 2006">Bandel K. (2006). "Families of the Cerithioidea and related superfamilies (Palaeo-Caenogastropoda; Mollusca) from the Triassic to the Recent characterized by protoconch morphology - including the description of new taxa". ''[Freiberger Forschungshefte](/source/Freiberger_Forschungshefte)'' C 511: 59-138. [http://www.palaeontologische-gesellschaft.de/palges/bandel/bandel_2006.pdf PDF]{{dead link|date=June 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}.</ref>
** ''[Zemelanopsis trifasciata](/source/Zemelanopsis_trifasciata)'' {{small|(Gray, 1843)}}<ref name="Bandel 2006"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{in lang|de}} Glaubrecht M. (1996). ''Evolutionsökologie und Systematik am Beispiel von Süß- und Brackwasserschnecken (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda: Cerithioidea): Ontogenese-Strategien, Paläontologische Befunde und Zoogeographie''. Backhuys, Leiden.

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Melanopsidae}}
* [https://zookeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=8136 Thomas A. Neubauer -  "A nomenclator of extant and fossil taxa of the Melanopsidae (Gastropoda, Cerithioidea)" ; 2016, ZooKeys]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q608015}}
{{Authority control}}

Category:Melanopsidae
Category:Taxa named by Arthur Adams (zoologist)
Category:Taxa named by Henry Adams (zoologist)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Melanopsidae](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanopsidae) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanopsidae?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.