# Max Hartmann

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{{Short description|German biologist}}
{{Expand German|topic=bio|Max Hartmann (Zoologe)|date=October 2017}}
'''Max Hartmann''' (7 June 1876 – 11 October 1962) was a German biologist, alluded to in the book ''Phylogenetic Systematics'' by [Willi Hennig](/source/Willi_Hennig) for his investigations into divisions of sciences, most notably into descriptive and explanatory. He was a philosopher of science and the author of ''Allgemeine Biologie'' [General Biology]. 

The publicly available abstract of an article in ''[Nature](/source/Nature_(journal))'' Magazine (1946) presents him, as a student of the sexuality and fertilization in [Protozoa](/source/Protozoa) and [Algae](/source/Algae); that "he can look back upon a fine record of original research... His investigations of ‘relative sexuality’ [which] have led to very important biochemical studies of the substances produced and released by gametes and essential for fertilization in Algae, echinoderms, molluscs and fishes"; and he was an outspoken critic of Nazism. Hartmann was director of the [Kaiser Wilhelm Institut für Biologie](/source/Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut_f%C3%BCr_Biologie).

== Biography ==
During the [National Socialist era](/source/Nazi_Germany), he became an honorary professor at the [University of Berlin](/source/Humboldt_University_of_Berlin) in 1934. In 1937, his son Hans was killed in an accident during a German [Nanga Parbat](/source/Nanga_Parbat) expedition. From 1939, Hartmann was co-editor of the journal ''[Der Biologe](/source/Der_Biologe)'', which was taken over by the [SS-Ahnenerbe](/source/Ahnenerbe) that year.<ref>[https://repositorium.uni-muenster.de/document/miami/ddb6f8ca-25fd-4f7e-9003-92414fae15da/gissing_judith_4.teil.pdf Judith Gissing: ''Rassenhygiene und Schule im Dritten Reich''.Kapitel 4:''Die Zeitschrift „Der Biologe“ als Organ der NS-Biologie''] (PDF; 268&nbsp;kB) Doktorarbeit an der Medizinischen Fakultät der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster</ref><ref name="Klee229">[Ernst Klee](/source/Ernst_Klee): ''Das Personenlexikon zum Dritten Reich. Wer war was vor und nach 1945''. Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, Zweite aktualisierte Auflage, Frankfurt am Main 2005, S. 229.</ref>

Max Hartmann worked until 1955 at the [Max Planck Institute of Biology in Tübingen](/source/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Biology), which had been created from the [Kaiser Wilhelm Institute](/source/Kaiser_Wilhelm_Society) after World War II, and whose headquarters had been moved to [Hechingen](/source/Hechingen) in 1944 and then to [Tübingen](/source/T%C3%BCbingen) in 1952.<ref name="Dolezal1969">Siehe Literatur NDB Helmut Dolezal: ''Max Hartmann''</ref>

In 1931, Hartmann became president of the [German Zoological Society](/source/German_Zoological_Society). The [German Academy of Natural Sciences Leopoldina](/source/German_National_Academy_of_Sciences_Leopoldina) accepted him as a member in 1932. In 1934 he became a full member of the [Prussian Academy of Sciences](/source/Prussian_Academy_of_Sciences). From 1935 he was a corresponding member of the [Bavarian Academy of Sciences](/source/Bavarian_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Humanities).<ref>Video: Max Hartmann spricht über Begründung und Ausarbeitung der Sexualitätstheorie der Befruchtung, Buchenbühl (Allgäu) 1958, hrsg. [Institut für den Wissenschaftlichen Film](/source/Institut_f%C3%BCr_den_Wissenschaftlichen_Film), {{doi|10.3203/IWF/G-36}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

*{{cite journal|title=Dr. Max Hartmann|journal=Nature|volume= 158|issue=4008|page= 265|date=24 August 1946 | doi=10.1038/158265a0|bibcode=1946Natur.158Q.265.|doi-access=free}}
*Full text of ''Allgemeine Biologie'' at https://archive.org/stream/allgemeinebiolog00chun/allgemeinebiolog00chun_djvu.txt
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Category:20th-century German biologists
Category:1876 births
Category:1962 deaths
Category:Natural philosophers
Category:20th-century German philosophers
Category:Academic staff of the Humboldt University of Berlin
Category:Academic staff of the University of Tübingen
Category:Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
Category:Members of the Prussian Academy of Sciences
Category:Members of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences
Category:Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
Category:Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class)
Category:20th-century German zoologists
Category:Members of the German Academy of Sciences at Berlin
Category:Max Planck Institute directors

{{Germany-biologist-stub}}

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