# Master of Calamarca

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{{Short description|Bolivian artist}}
[[File:Master of Calamarca, Angel with Wheat.jpg|200px|thumb|right|''Angel with [wheat](/source/wheat) stalks'' from the [Church of Calamarca](/source/Church_of_Calamarca)]]
The '''Master of Calamarca''' (real name '''José López de los Ríos''',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ap-art-history/early-europe-and-colonial-americas/colonial-americas/a/master-of-calamarca-angel-with-arquebus|title=Master of Calamarca, Angel with Arquebus (article) &#124; Khan Academy|website=Khan Academy|accessdate=Feb 16, 2021}}</ref> [fl.](/source/floruit) first half of 18th century) was a [Bolivia](/source/Bolivia)n artist who created two series of [angel](/source/angel)s painted with oil on canvas and displayed on the walls of a Catholic church in [Calamarca](/source/Calamarca), Bolivia in the [Department of La Paz](/source/La_Paz_Department_(Bolivia)). His works were stylistically close to the artist Leonardo Flores from La Paz (fl. last quarter of 17th century).<ref>Rishel, Stratton, p. 423</ref>

The Calamarca church contains two sets of angels, most likely created by the same person. The first contains militant ''[Ángel arcabucero](/source/%C3%81ngel_arcabucero)s'' wielding firearms, with each angel's name written clearly at the bottom; the paintings of the Calamarca church are the most renowned, definitive examples of ''Ángel arcabucero'' type<ref>Rishel, Stratton, p. 422</ref> and Bolivian angel types in general.<ref>Kaufmann, p. 291</ref> The second set depicts [androgynous](/source/androgyny) angels wearing billowing capes, elaborate short European-style female dresses and Roman military boots. They are unsigned, but each is carrying an object uniquely identifying the subject as one of ''Archangels of Palermo''. According to a tradition stemming from medieval [Palermo](/source/Palermo), these were seven [archangel](/source/archangel)s, venerated in Spain, although only three were recognized by the Church.<ref name=R4234>Rishel, Stratton, pp. 423-424</ref>

<gallery>
Angel letiel.jpg|
Master of Calamarca, Angel Barachiel.jpg|Angel [Barachiel](/source/Barachiel)
PMa BOL 085 Maestro de Calamarca, Calamarca, igl p.jpg|
</gallery>

==See also==
*[Ángeles arcabuceros](/source/%C3%81ngeles_arcabuceros)
*[Cusco School](/source/Cusco_School)
{{Commonscat-inline|Master of Calamarca}}

==References==
{{reflist }}

==Sources==
* {{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kKEbug3uVWUC&q=Master+of+Calamarca&pg=PA424 | title=The Arts in Latin America, 1492-1820 | author=[Joseph J. Rishel](/source/Joseph_J._Rishel), Suzanne L. Stratton | publisher=[Yale University Press](/source/Yale_University_Press) | year=2006 | isbn=978-0-300-12003-5 }}
* {{cite book | author=Donahue-Wallace, Kelly | title=Art and architecture of viceregal Latin America, 1521-1821 | publisher=UNM Press | year=2008 | isbn=978-0-8263-3459-6 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7t2snhVRtCIC }}
* {{cite book | title=Angels in the early modern world | author=Walsham, Alexandra | publisher=[Cambridge University Press](/source/Cambridge_University_Press) | year=2006 | isbn=978-0-521-84332-4 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UvZNzngArGQC }}
* {{cite book | title=Toward a geography of art | author=Thomas DaCosta Kaufmann | publisher=[University of Chicago Press](/source/University_of_Chicago_Press) | year=2004 | isbn=978-0-226-13311-9 }}

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Category:Bolivian painters
Category:Baroque painters
Category:Cusco School
Calamarca
Category:Year of birth unknown

{{Bolivia-painter-stub}}

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