# Mary Hume-Rothery

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English writer (1824–1885)

Mary Hume Rothery Born 14 December 1824 London Died 14 February 1885(1885-02-14) (aged 60) Cheltenham Nationality United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Spouse Rev. William Rothery ​ ​ (m. 1864)​ Parents Joseph Hume (father) Mary Burnley (mother) Relatives Allan Octavian Hume (brother) William Hume-Rothery (grandson)

**Mary Hume Rothery** or **Mary Catherine Hume-Rothery** (14 December 1824 – 14 February 1885) was a [British](/source/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland) writer and campaigner for medical reform. She campaigned against the [Contagious Diseases Act](/source/Contagious_Diseases_Act) and founded the National Anti Compulsory Vaccination League.

## Early life

Rothery was born in [London](/source/London) in 1824. Her parents were Mary Burnley, daughter of Hardin Burnley (1741–1823), and [Joseph Hume](/source/Joseph_Hume) the radical politician: she was their youngest daughter and [Allan Octavian Hume](/source/Allan_Octavian_Hume) was her brother.[1] She travelled on the continent of Europe with her father, and wrote poetry and biblical exposition.[2]

## Married life

Mary married the Rev. William Rothery on 9 July 1864, in two London ceremonies: firstly by [John Frederick Blake](/source/John_Frederick_Blake) at St Mary, Bryanston Square; and then at the New Church, Argyll Square, by Jonathan Bayley.[3] William's father John Rothery lived at [Great Clifton](/source/Great_Clifton).[4][5] He had studied at [St Bees Theological College](/source/St_Bees_Theological_College), from 1846, and was ordained deacon in 1848, and a priest of the [Church of England](/source/Church_of_England) in 1849, by [James Prince Lee](/source/James_Prince_Lee), [Bishop of Manchester](/source/Bishop_of_Manchester).[6][7][8] William and Mary had a shared interest in poetry.[9]

After a number of curacies and incumbencies, William Rothery's last preferment in the Church of England was as curate of [Hexham](/source/Hexham), 1862–4.[8] Testimonial gifts were made to him by the former churchwardens of the Abbey Church there, in June 1864.[10] At the end of 1864 he became pastor of the Middleton Society of the [New Church](/source/The_New_Church_(Swedenborgian)), at [Middleton](/source/Middleton%2C_Greater_Manchester) near Manchester.[11]

In 1865 William published a pamphlet *Wheat and Tares*.[8] He preached in Middleton at the New Jerusalem Church, Wood Street. He was not long there. He then moved to a room in the Middleton Baths; and subsequently was found a chapel on Manchester Old Road. Mary gave lectures there; William was sometimes ill, and she preached in his place.[2]

The couple adopted the name Hume-Rothery in 1866. They later moved to south-west England.[12] This was at some point in the early 1870s. In *Crockford's Clerical Directory* for 1874, William's address is given as Merton Lodge, Tivoli, [Cheltenham](/source/Cheltenham).[8]

## Activism

Publication in 1880

Mary Hume-Rothery called for [universal suffrage](/source/Universal_suffrage) in April 1867, in the *[Manchester Examiner and Times](/source/Manchester_Examiner_and_Times)*. She put more emphasis on principle than [Lydia Becker](/source/Lydia_Becker), also in the Manchester area, and other more incremental campaigners.[13] She was a leading figure in the [Ladies National Association for the Repeal of the Contagious Diseases Acts](/source/Ladies_National_Association_for_the_Repeal_of_the_Contagious_Diseases_Acts) (LNA) set up in 1869. She was one of the prominent leaders in the LNA's campaign against the [Contagious Diseases Acts](/source/Contagious_Diseases_Acts) of 1864, with [Josephine Butler](/source/Josephine_Butler), [Harriet Martineau](/source/Harriet_Martineau) and Sarah Richardson.[14] She was a prominent invited speaker for the LNA.[12][15]

Mary published in 1870 *A Letter Addressed to the Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone*.[12][16] This open letter questioned the line drawn between conventional marriage and prostitution.[15] In June of that year, the Anti-Vaccination League held its first meeting, in Manchester and presided over by [Francis William Newman](/source/Francis_William_Newman), author of *Vaccination Considered Politically* (1869). It decided to petition parliament against the Vaccination Acts.[17] In December William Hume-Rothery wrote, from 3 Richmond Terrace, Middleton, an extended letter in support of the Anti-Vaccination Society to the editor of the *Cosmopolitan*, referring to coverage in [*The Globe*](/source/The_Globe_(London_newspaper)) and an earlier letter of his from 1869.[18]

In 1871 Mary Hume-Rothery published *Women and Doctors; Or, Medical Despotism in England*. Its message was to resist government control that discriminated against medicine that was not from trained doctors.[19] Her mentor, Tulk, was an enthusiast for [phrenology](/source/Phrenology) and [mesmerism](/source/Mesmerism).[12] She campaigned against male involvement in [internal examinations](/source/Internal_examination) of women; she objected also to men becoming midwives. Her attitude was that male doctors had assisted with the Contagious Diseases Act, that blamed prostitutes for the spread of sexual disease.[20] She attributed her own conversion to anti-vaccination to seeing her own child vaccinated, around 1867.[21]

In 1874 Mary and William founded the *National Anti Compulsory Vaccination League* (NACVL). William led the [anti-vaccination](/source/Anti-vaccination) organisation and Mary was the secretary. For some years Cheltenham became the centre of the national movement opposing vaccination, and Mary edited its magazine.[22] In [Keighley](/source/Keighley), Poor Law Guardians were imprisoned, following resistance tactics against vaccination advocated by William.[23] A short notice in the *[British Medical Journal](/source/British_Medical_Journal)* in 1876 mentioned "the efficacy and value of vaccination" and the need for evidence to counterbalance "such irrational and dangerous agitators as Stevens and Hume Rothery."[24]

## Last years

In 1876 William gave up his religious orders.[22] Ultimately, the Hume-Rotherys were less effective campaigners than William Young the chemist, allied to [William Tebb](/source/William_Tebb) and William White, who were more interested in their working-class base, and would pay fines imposed by those refusing vaccination.[25] The Hume-Rotherys had an advocate in the Member of Parliament [Peter Alfred Taylor](/source/Peter_Alfred_Taylor).[26] In 1881 the *British Medical Journal* complained that a letter on vaccination by Taylor to [William Benjamin Carpenter](/source/William_Benjamin_Carpenter) was offensive, and a pamphlet of his "might have been written by Messrs. Hume-Rothery, Baker, Wheeler or Gibbs."[27] The NACVL was eclipsed by the [London Society for the Abolition of Compulsory Vaccination](/source/London_Society_for_the_Abolition_of_Compulsory_Vaccination) in the 1880s.[12]

Mary Hume-Rothery died in Cheltenham in 1885, and William died in 1888.[12]

## Works

Mary published a biography of [Charles Augustus Tulk](/source/Charles_Augustus_Tulk), and explanation of his ideas, in 1850. Tulk was a friend of her father's who had persuaded her to become a [Swedenborgian](/source/Swedenborgian). He was not a member of this [New Church](/source/The_New_Church_(Swedenborgian)), but his writings on the church founder's ideas about the "law of correspondence" were addressed to the church members.[12] Her husband by 1864 was described as a New Church pastor.[11] But his *Wheat and Tares* of the following year was not well received by the New Church, being criticised in 1866 as "Tulkism" (effectively, heretical).[28]

Other works by Mary reflect her Swedenborgian views.[29] Before her marriage there were:

- *The Bridesmaid, Count Stephen, and Other Poems* (1853)[30]

- *The Wedding Guests, Or, The Happiness of Life* (1857), novel.[31]

- *Normiton: A Dramatic Poem in Two Parts* (1857)[32]

- *The Golden Rule: And Other Stories for Children* (1860)[33]

- *Twelve Obscure Texts of Scripture Illustrated according to the Spiritual Sense* (1861).[34] The phrase from [Emanuel Swedenborg](/source/Emanuel_Swedenborg), "love itself and wisdom itself",[35] occurs on p. 57 of this work, as it does on p. 1 of William's *Wheat and Tares*.[36]

- *Sappho: a Poem* (1862)[37] It has been considered a feminist analysis of prostitution.[38]

[Bessie Rayner Parkes](/source/Bessie_Rayner_Parkes), daughter of [Joseph Parkes](/source/Joseph_Parkes) the Radical Member of Parliament, tried in 1853 to have Marian Evans ([George Eliot](/source/George_Eliot)) notice Mary's poems for the *[Westminster Review](/source/Westminster_Review)*. But she declined, saying "she had not courage to proceed" from a first sample.[39]

*The Divine Unity, Trinity, and At-one-ment: A Monograph* (1878)[40] was a joint work by William and Mary Hume-Rothery. It was again considered by a reviewer to represent the approach of Tulk.[41] A second edition of Mary's work on Tulk was published in 1890 as *A Brief Sketch of the Life, Character, and Religious Opinions of Charles Augustus Tulk* by Charles Pooley (1817–1890), a surgeon living in Cheltenham, who added "a short introductory chapter or historical outline of the author's life". He had in 1889 published *The Science of Correspondency and Other Spiritual Doctrines of Holy Scripture* by Tulk, as editor.[42][43][44]

## Family

William and Mary's son Joseph Hume Hume-Rothery was born in 1866, and was the father of [William Hume-Rothery](/source/William_Hume-Rothery).[9]

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** Raynor, Geoffrey Vincent (30 November 1969). ["William Hume-Rothery, 1899-1968"](https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbm.1969.0006). *Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society*. **15**: 109–139. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1098/rsbm.1969.0006](https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbm.1969.0006). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0080-4606](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0080-4606). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [72451114](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:72451114).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Obit_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Obit_2-1) ["Death of Mrs. Hume-Rothery"](https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003164/18850228/054/0004). *Middleton Albion*. 28 February 1885. p. 4.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** ["Married"](https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001108/18640716/033/0003). *Glossop Record*. 16 July 1864. p. 3.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** [*The Intellectual repository for the New Church. (July/Sept. 1817). \[Continued as\] The Intellectual repository and New Jerusalem magazine. Enlarged ser., vol.1-28*](https://books.google.com/books?id=BFQEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA390). General Conference of the New Church. 1864. p. 390.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** ["Marriages"](https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002281/18580114/048/0003). *Soulby's Ulverston Advertiser and General Intelligencer - Thursday*. 14 January 1858. p. 3.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** St Bees College (1853). [*The St. Bees College Calendar*](https://books.google.com/books?id=Qt8NAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA44). p. 44.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** ["Ordinations"](https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001945/18490609/034/0007). *John Bull*. 9 June 1849. p. 7.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Crockford_8-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Crockford_8-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Crockford_8-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-Crockford_8-3) [*Crockford's Clerical Directory*](https://books.google.com/books?id=AQQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA447). 1874. p. 447.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Raynor_9-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Raynor_9-1) Raynor, G. V. (1969). ["William Hume-Rothery. 1899-1968"](https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbm.1969.0006). *Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society*. **15**: 109–139. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1098/rsbm.1969.0006](https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbm.1969.0006). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0080-4606](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0080-4606). [JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [769299](https://www.jstor.org/stable/769299). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [72451114](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:72451114).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** [*The Intellectual repository for the New Church. (July/Sept. 1817). \[Continued as\] The Intellectual repository and New Jerusalem magazine. Enlarged ser., vol.1-28*](https://books.google.com/books?id=BFQEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA389). General Conference of the New Church. 1864. pp. 389–390.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-OW_11-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-OW_11-1) Odhner, C. Th. and William Whitehead (1904). ["Annals of the New Church"](https://newchristianbiblestudy.org/bundles/ncbsw/on-deck/english/books/Annals%20of%20the%20New%20Church%201851-1890.html). *newchristianbiblestudy.org*. p. 84.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-ooo_12-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-ooo_12-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-ooo_12-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-ooo_12-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-ooo_12-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-ooo_12-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-ooo_12-6) ["Rothery, Mary Catherine Hume- (1824–1885), campaigner for medical reform and author"](https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-49483). *[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography](/source/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography)* (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1093/ref:odnb/49483](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F49483). Retrieved 28 May 2020. (Subscription, [Wikipedia Library](https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/88/) access or [UK public library membership](https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public) required.)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** Holton, Sandra; Purvis, Dr June; Purvis, June (4 January 2002). [*Votes For Women*](https://books.google.com/books?id=TlmGAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA64). Routledge. pp. 64 and 77. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-134-61065-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-61065-5).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** Porter, Dorothy (10 August 2005). [*Health, Civilization and the State: A History of Public Health from Ancient to Modern Times*](https://books.google.com/books?id=F5eEAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA133). Routledge. p. 133. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-134-63718-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-63718-8).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Walkowitz_15-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Walkowitz_15-1) Walkowitz, Judith R. (29 October 1982). [*Prostitution and Victorian Society: Women, Class, and the State*](https://books.google.com/books?id=3wbfmH9L9qoC&pg=PA128). Cambridge University Press. p. 128. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-521-27064-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-27064-9).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-16)** Hume-Rothery, Mrs (1870). [*A Letter addressed to the Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone, and the other members of Her Majesty's Government ... touching the Contagious Diseases' Acts of 1866 and 1869, etc*](https://books.google.com/books?id=YSNeAAAAcAAJ).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-17)** ["This Morning's Intelligence: Home"](https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001652/18700629/028/0006). *Globe*. 29 June 1870. p. 6.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-18)** ["The Globe Newspaper on the Anti-Vaccination Society"](https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004190/18701229/049/0011). *Cosmopolitan*. 29 December 1870. p. 6.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-19)** [*Women and Doctors; Or, Medical Despotism in England*](https://books.google.com/books?id=phI5xQEACAAJ). A. Heywood. 1871.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-p121_20-0)** Kent, Susan Kingsley (14 July 2014). [*Sex and Suffrage in Britain, 1860-1914*](https://books.google.com/books?id=5Pb_AwAAQBAJ&q=mary+hume+rothery&pg=PA121). Princeton University Press. p. 121. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-4008-5863-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-5863-7).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-21)** Summers, Anne (1999). [""The Constitution Violated": The Female Body and the Female Subject in the Campaigns of Josephine Butler"](https://www.jstor.org/stable/4289632). *History Workshop Journal*. **48** (48): 12. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1093/hwj/1999.48.1](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fhwj%2F1999.48.1). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [1363-3554](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1363-3554). [JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [4289632](https://www.jstor.org/stable/4289632). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [21351675](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21351675).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Durbach_22-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Durbach_22-1) Durbach, Nadja (2005). [*Bodily Matters: The Anti-Vaccination Movement in England, 1853–1907*](https://books.google.com/books?id=TtMDl7n8iq8C&q=Mary+Hume-Rothery&pg=PA38). Duke University Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-8223-3423-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-3423-1).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-23)** Porter, Dorothy; Porter, Roy (July 1988). ["The politics of prevention: Anti-vaccinationism and public health in nineteenth-century England"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1139881). *Medical History*. **32** (3): 235. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1017/s0025727300048225](https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0025727300048225). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [1139881](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1139881). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [3063903](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3063903).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-24)** ["Letters, Notes, And Answers To Correspondents"](https://www.jstor.org/stable/25243499). *The British Medical Journal*. **2** (832): 774. 1876. [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0007-1447](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0007-1447). [JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [25243499](https://www.jstor.org/stable/25243499).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-25)** Durbach, Nadja (2005). [*Bodily Matters: The Anti-Vaccination Movement in England, 1853–1907*](https://books.google.com/books?id=TtMDl7n8iq8C&pg=PA39). Duke University Press. pp. 39–40. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-8223-3423-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-3423-1).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-26)** McHugh, Paul (26 June 2013). *Prostitution and Victorian Social Reform*. Routledge. p. 250. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-136-24775-0](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-24775-0).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-27)** ["Antivaccination Advocates"](https://www.jstor.org/stable/25257971). *The British Medical Journal*. **2** (1085): 636. 1881. [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0007-1447](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0007-1447). [JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [25257971](https://www.jstor.org/stable/25257971).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-28)** Odhner, C. Th. and William Whitehead (1904). ["Annals of the New Church"](https://newchristianbiblestudy.org/bundles/ncbsw/on-deck/english/books/Annals%20of%20the%20New%20Church%201851-1890.html). *newchristianbiblestudy.org*. p. 93.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-29)** Larsen, Robin; Larsen, Stephen; Lawrence, James F. (1988). *Emanuel Swedenborg: A Continuing Vision : a Pictorial Biography & Anthology of Essays & Poetry*. Swedenborg Foundation. p. 266. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-87785-136-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87785-136-3).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-30)** Rothery, Mary Catherine Hume- (1853). [*The Bridesmaid, Count Stephen, and Other Poems*](https://books.google.com/books?id=JQBMAAAAYAAJ). J. Chapman.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-31)** Hume, Mary Catherine (1857). [*The Wedding Guests, Or, The Happiness of Life*](https://books.google.com/books?id=RXVJHAAACAAJ). John W. Parker and Son.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-32)** Hume, Mary Catherine (1857). [*Normiton: A Dramatic Poem in Two Parts. With Other Miscellaneous Pieces*](https://books.google.com/books?id=HrwVAAAAYAAJ). John W. Parker and Son.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-33)** Hume, Mary Catherine (1860). [*The Golden Rule: And Other Stories for Children*](https://books.google.com/books?id=QqOPswEACAAJ). F. Pitman.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-34)** Hume, Mary C. (1861). [*Twelve Obscure Texts of Scripture Illustrated according to the Spiritual Sense*](https://books.google.com/books?id=x-JUAAAAcAAJ). London: G. Manwaring.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-35)** Swedenborg, Emanuel (1890). [*The Swedenborg Concordance: A Complete Work of Reference to the Theological Writings of Emanuel Swedenborg. Based on the Original Latin Writings of the Author*](https://books.google.com/books?id=xkdNAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA240). Swedenborg Society. p. 240.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-36)** Rothery, Rev William Hume (1865). [*Wheat and Tares; or, Christianity versus Orthodoxy*](https://books.google.com/books?id=dljTfmI4EIgC&pg=PA1). F. Pitman. p. 1.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-37)** Hume, Mary Catherine (1862). [*Sappho: a Poem*](https://books.google.com/books?id=Tqp1tgEACAAJ). F. Pitman.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-38)** Bristow, Joseph (26 October 2000). [*The Cambridge Companion to Victorian Poetry*](https://books.google.com/books?id=iSQoVCT_6QQC&pg=PA196). Cambridge University Press. p. 196. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-521-64680-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-64680-2).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-39)** McCormack, Kathleen (2004). ["Bessie Parkes's "Summer Sketches:" George Eliot as Poetic Persona"](https://www.jstor.org/stable/40002773). *Victorian Poetry*. **42** (3): 303. [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0042-5206](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0042-5206). [JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [40002773](https://www.jstor.org/stable/40002773).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-40)** Hume-Rothery, William; Hume-Rothery, Mary (1878). [*The Divine Unity, Trinity, and At-one-ment: A Monograph*](https://books.google.com/books?id=6MpAMwEACAAJ). Abel Heywood & Son.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-41)** [*The Intellectual repository for the New Church. (July/Sept. 1817). \[Continued as\] The Intellectual repository and New Jerusalem magazine. Enlarged ser., vol.1-28*](https://books.google.com/books?id=wUMEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA232). General Conference of the New Church. 1878. p. 232.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-42)** Hume, Mary Catherine; Pooley, Charles (1890). [*A Brief Sketch of the Life, Character, and Religious Opinions of Charles Augustus Tulk*](https://books.google.com/books?id=Y218mAEACAAJ). J. Speirs.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-43)** ["Pooley, Charles (1817 - 1890)"](https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/lives/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ASSET$002f0$002fSD_ASSET:375156/one?qu=%22rcs%3A+E002973%22&rt=false%7C%7C%7CIDENTIFIER%7C%7C%7CResource+Identifier). *livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-44)** Tulk, Charles Augustus (1889). [*The Science of Correspondency and Other Spiritual Doctrines of Holy Scripture ... Edited by C. Pooley*](https://books.google.com/books?id=e_vbMgEACAAJ). J. Speirs.

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Mary Hume-Rothery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Hume-Rothery) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Hume-Rothery?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.