# Mark Daniel

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Not to be confused with [Mark Daniels](/source/Mark_Daniels).

**Mark Daniel** (January 4, 1900 — November 25, 1940; birth name: Daniel-[Mordkhe](/source/Mordkhe) Meyerovich, later Mark Meyerovich) was a [Jewish Soviet](/source/Soviet_Jews) writer and playwright. In Yiddish he signed himself as **M. Daniel** (Yiddish: מ. דאניעל).[1] In Russian he was known as **Mark Naumovich Daniel** (Марк Нау́мович Даниэ́ль). He was born in Dvinsk, Russian Empire (now [Daugavpils](/source/Daugavpils), Latvia).[2][3]

He was the father of [Yuli Daniel](/source/Yuli_Daniel) (Yuli's mother was Minna Pavlovna Daniel, Минна Павловна Даниэ́ль.[4])

## Notable works

### "Fir teg"

The 1930 short story "Yulis" was the basis of the play "[Fir teg](/source/Fir_teg)" ("Four Days"), which was staged by the [Moscow State Yiddish Theater](/source/Moscow_State_Yiddish_Theater) starring [Solomon Mikhoels](/source/Solomon_Mikhoels) as Yulis (the actual person: [Iulius Shimeliovich](/source/Iulius_Shimeliovich)). It turned out to be one of the most notable plays of the theatre despite criticism. Later it was staged in other places.[3]

### "Zyamke Kapatsh"

"Zyamke Kapatsh" (1936, "Zyamke Kapatsh: pyese in dray aktn, zibn bilder". Kharkov: Kinder farlag bam Ts.K.L.K.U.P.O., 1936. YI0802[5])

"Zyamke Kapatsh" was also staged in Russian under the title "Хлопчик" ("A Lad") by [Mossovet Theatre](/source/Mossovet_Theatre). The play glorifies a heroic deed of a young boy during the [Russian Civil War](/source/Russian_Civil_War). It is notable, in particular, because the song [Orlyonok](/source/Orlyonok_(song)) from the play has become popular in the Soviet Union, with its popularity sharply going up during [World War II](/source/World_War_II), especially among the [Soviet Partisans](/source/Soviet_Partisans).[6]

Over time the song "Orlyonok" effected broad cultural implications in the ideology and mythology of the Soviet Union.[7] In particular, the song gave name to the [Young Pioneer](/source/Young_Pioneer) Camp [Orlyonok](/source/Orlyonok) and teenager's bicycle *Orlyonok*/*[Ereliukas](/source/Ereliukas)* manufactured in the Soviet Union in Belarus and Lithuania.[7] See "[Orlyonok (disambiguation)](/source/Orlyonok_(disambiguation))" for more. The song from the Yiddish original had been considerably rewritten several times for ideological reasons.[8]

### "Johannes Guttenberg"

"Johannes Guttenberg" (1937).[3]

In 1939 the Russian-language version of "Johannes Guttenberg" was premiered under the title "Изобретатель и комедиант" ("Inventor and Comedian") by the Central Children's Theatre (now [Russian Academic Youth Theatre](/source/Russian_Academic_Youth_Theatre)).[9] The framework of this children's play is the invention of the printing press by [Johannes Guttenberg](/source/Johannes_Guttenberg) and Gutenberg's misadventures. Another protagonist of the play is Siegfried the comedian, Gutenberg's friend, the voice of [common people](/source/Common_people).[10][11]

The [incidental music](/source/Incidental_music) for the piece was written by [Dmitry Kabalevsky](/source/Dmitry_Kabalevsky), which gave rise to his orchestral suite *[The Comedians](/source/The_Comedians_(Kabalevsky))*, commonly described as the most popular work by Kabalevsky.[12]

### Other

Daniel's last play, "Shloyme Maimon" ("[Salomon Maimon](/source/Salomon_Maimon)") premiered in the Moscow State Yiddish Theater in 1940.[3]

## References

1. ["M. Daniel"](https://yiddishkayt.org/view/m-daniel/)

1. ["Даниэль М."](https://eleven.co.il/jewish-literature/in-yiddish/11369/). *Электронная еврейская энциклопедия ОРТ*

1. Gennady Estraikh, [Daniel, M.](https://yivoencyclopedia.org/printarticle.aspx?id=1062)

1. Ирина Уварова ([Irina Uvarova](/source/Irina_Uvarova)), *Даниэль и все все все*, 2014 ISBN 978-5-89059-218-7. The title of the book is a pun on the title of the children's book Винни-Пух и все-все-все, a Russian translation of *[Winnie-the-Pooh](/source/Winnie-the-Pooh_(book))*

1. ["Guide: Yiddish Books from the Harvard Library"](https://web.archive.org/web/20170306164328/https://libraries.indiana.edu/guide-yiddish-books-harvard-library). *libraries.indiana.edu*. June 5, 2009. Archived from [the original](https://libraries.indiana.edu/guide-yiddish-books-harvard-library) on March 6, 2017. Retrieved May 3, 2023.

1. Leonid Kaganov, [ПО СЛЕДАМ ОРЛЕНКА - ЧАСТЬ 2](https://lleo.me/dnevnik/2009/03/24), March 24, 2009

1. Leonid Kaganov, [как немец Фриц и еврей Зямка стали велосипедом](https://lleo.me/dnevnik/2007/07/05RAZGOVOR.ORG:) (How Fritz the German and Zyamka the Jew had become a Bicycle)

1. ["Леонид Каганов:"](https://lleo.me/dnevnik/2010/07/31). *lleo.me*

1. [Изобретатель и комедиант](https://ramt.ru/museum/previous-years/ys-8/play-4067/), a [Russian Academic Youth Theatre](/source/Russian_Academic_Youth_Theatre) website

1. [Изобретатель и комедиант : (Иоган Гуттенберг) : пьеса в четырех актах, восьми картинах](https://www.digar.ee/arhiiv/nlib-digar:134872), downloadable from the digital archive of the [National Library of Estonia](/source/National_Library_of_Estonia) ([public domain](/source/Public_domain))

1. А. Н. Гозенпуд (Гозенпуд Александра Ноевна (1917-2003)) "Центральный детский театр 1936-1961" *[Chapter __, Part 20](https://www.bilettorg.ru/recTheatre/39/id555/) *[Chapter __, Part 21](https://www.bilettorg.ru/recTheatre/39/id556/) *[Chapter __, Part 22](https://www.bilettorg.ru/recTheatre/39/id55t/)

1. [NY Times, 18 February 1987](https://www.nytimes.com/1987/02/18/obituaries/dmitri-kabalevsky-russian-who-composed-comedians.html)

## Further reading

- **includes the 1937 Russian translation "Зямка Копач" of "Zyamke Kapatsh" (both are in [public domain](/source/Public_domain))**

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Mark Daniel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Daniel) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Daniel?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.