# Mark D. Siljander

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American politician

Mark Siljander Alternative U.S. Representative to the United Nations General Assembly In office 1987–1988 Appointed by Ronald Reagan Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Michigan's 4th district In office April 21, 1981 – January 3, 1987 Preceded by David Stockman Succeeded by Fred Upton Member of the Michigan House of Representatives from the 42nd district In office 1977–1981 Preceded by DeForrest Strang Succeeded by Harmon G. Cropsey Personal details Born Mark Deli Siljander (1951-06-11) June 11, 1951 (age 75) Chicago, Illinois, U.S. Party Republican Education Western Michigan University (BS, MA)

**Mark Deli Siljander** (born June 11, 1951) is an American author and politician who served as a [Republican](/source/Republican_Party_(United_States)) [U.S. representative](/source/U.S._representative) from the state of [Michigan](/source/Michigan).[1] He authored the book*A Deadly Misunderstanding: A Congressman's Quest to Bridge the Muslim-Christian Divide*.[2]

In 2008, Siljander was indicted on charges of [money laundering](/source/Money_laundering), [conspiracy](/source/Conspiracy_(crime)) and [obstruction of justice](/source/Obstruction_of_justice). In 2010, he pleaded guilty to obstruction of justice and acting as an unregistered foreign agent. In 2020, President [Donald Trump](/source/Donald_Trump) [pardoned](/source/List_of_people_granted_executive_clemency_in_the_first_presidency_of_Donald_Trump) Siljander.

## Early life, education, and early career

Siljander was born in [Chicago](/source/Chicago) and graduated from [Oak Park and River Forest High School](/source/Oak_Park_and_River_Forest_High_School) in 1969.[3] He received a [Bachelor of Science](/source/Bachelor_of_Science) and [Master of Arts](/source/Master_of_Arts) from [Western Michigan University](/source/Western_Michigan_University) in [Kalamazoo, Michigan](/source/Kalamazoo%2C_Michigan).[3]

## Career

He served as a [trustee](/source/Trustee) on [Fabius Township](/source/Fabius_Township%2C_Michigan) Board in [St. Joseph County, Michigan](/source/St._Joseph_County%2C_Michigan), from 1972 to 1976 and also worked as a real estate broker.[3]

### U.S. House of Representatives

Siljander served as a U.S. Representative from the [Michigan's 4th congressional district](/source/Michigan's_4th_congressional_district) from April 21, 1981, to January 3, 1987. He served on the [House Foreign Affairs Committee](/source/United_States_House_Committee_on_Foreign_Affairs).[4] At the time of Siljander's election, [Michigan's 4th congressional district](/source/Michigan's_4th_congressional_district) covered southwestern Michigan and included [Three Rivers](/source/Three_Rivers%2C_Michigan) and [Kalamazoo](/source/Kalamazoo%2C_Michigan). *[Time](/source/Time_(magazine))* magazine noted that the district was predominantly conservative, having elected only one Democrat in [the twentieth] century, in 1932.[5]

Siljander was known as a dogmatic [social conservative](/source/Social_conservatism). He criticized President [Ronald Reagan](/source/Ronald_W._Reagan)'s appointment of [Sandra Day O'Connor](/source/Sandra_Day_O'Connor) to the Supreme Court, viewing her track record as insufficiently conservative.[6] *[Time](/source/Time_(magazine))* described him as a [fundamentalist Christian](/source/Fundamentalist_Christian). During his race, Siljander expressed opposition to the [Equal Rights Amendment](/source/Equal_Rights_Amendment), [pornography](/source/Pornography), [abortion](/source/Abortion), [school busing](/source/Desegregation_busing) and "big spending", as well as support for the [neutron bomb](/source/Neutron_bomb), the [MX missile](/source/LGM-118A_Peacekeeper) and [prayer in public schools](/source/Prayer_in_public_schools).[5] In Congress, Siljander's voting record was generally consistent with most other Republicans, although he became known for his firebrand conservative rhetoric; for example, he denounced "secular humanists" as having a "perverted" philosophy.[7]

**1981**

On January 27, 1981, incumbent Congressman [David Stockman](/source/David_Stockman) resigned to serve as the director of the [Office of Management and Budget](/source/Office_of_Management_and_Budget) in the [Reagan administration](/source/Reagan_Administration). In the following special Republican primary, Siljander ranked first in a seven-candidate field with a plurality of 37%.[8] He defeated Stockman-endorsed tax attorney John Globensky (36%) and State Senator John Mowat (22%).[9][10] In the April 1981 special general election, he defeated Democratic [Cass County Commissioner](/source/Cass_County%2C_Michigan) Johnie Rodebush 69%-29%.[11][12][13] In 1981, Congress enacted an amendment, named after Representative Mark Siljander, to the FY1982 Foreign Assistance and Related Programs Appropriations Act specifying that no U.S. funds may be used to lobby for abortion. Congress subsequently modified the amendment to state that funds may not be used to "lobby for or against abortion"[14]

**1982**

Siljander was challenged in the next Republican primary by attorney Harold Schuitmaker and defeated him 56%-44%.[15] In the general election, he won re-election to a full term with 60% of the vote.[16]

**1984**

Siljander was challenged again in the Republican primary, and defeated Tim Horan 58%-42%.[17] In the general election, he won re-election to a second full term with 67% of the vote.[18]

In 1984, Siljander sponsored a single-sentence amendment which read, "For the purposes of this Act, the term 'person' shall include unborn children from the moment of conception." [Alexander Cockburn](/source/Alexander_Cockburn) referred to the Siljander Amendment as "the most far-reaching of all the measures dreamed up by the conservative right to undercut *[Roe v. Wade](/source/Roe_v._Wade)*."[19] It failed 186–219.[20]

Siljander travelled with Christian Watch International to Romania in response to the growing concerns over religious minority persecution.[21]

**1985**

Siljander proposed legislation which would deny [most favored nation](/source/Most_favored_nation) status to countries that discriminate on cultural, ethnic or religious grounds.[22][23]

**1986**

Once again Siljander was challenged in the Republican primary, this time by [Fred Upton](/source/Fred_Upton), a staffer to Stockman. Upton defeated Siljander 55%-45%,[24] becoming the only Republican to unseat an incumbent in a primary that year.[7] A key to his defeat was believed to be a tape sent to fundamentalist Christians in his district asking them to "break the back of Satan" by defeating Upton.[25]

### Later career

Siljander was appointed by President Reagan as an alternate representative to the [United Nations General Assembly](/source/United_Nations_General_Assembly), serving from September 1987 to September 1988.[3] He was an unsuccessful candidate in 1992 for nomination to the [103rd Congress](/source/103rd_United_States_Congress) from [Virginia](/source/Virginia_(U.S._state)). He stated then his message was, "not religious values as much as it's common-sense American traditional values." He campaigned on a [budget freeze](/source/Budget_freeze), a ten percent [flat tax](/source/Flat_tax) and a [line-item veto](/source/Line-item_veto).[26] In the Republican primary, Siljander came in second to [Henry N. Butler](/source/Henry_N._Butler), a [law professor](/source/Law_professor) at [George Mason University](/source/George_Mason_University).[27]

Siljander co-founded the [Alliance Defending Freedom](/source/Alliance_Defending_Freedom) (ADF); ADF lawyers later wrote the model for Mississippi's anti-abortion legislation, leading to the Supreme Court decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization to overrule [Roe v. Wade](/source/Roe_v._Wade) in 2022.

Siljander is the president of Bridges to Common Ground.[28] He also founded Trac5,[29] with the stated goal to implement faith-based diplomacy in real-world conflicts[30]

Siljander's book, *A Deadly Misunderstanding: A Congressman's Quest to Bridge the Muslim-Christian Divide* was a 2009 Nautilus Silver Award Winner,[31] and has a foreword written by [UN Secretary-General](/source/UN_Secretary-General) [Ban Ki-moon](/source/Ban_Ki-moon), with whom Siljander worked closely to resolve the humanitarian disaster in Darfur.[32]

In Ban Ki-moon's book published in 2021 in a chapter titled "The Breakthrough", Moon recounts Siljander's involvement in resolving the Darfur crisis stating, "...Siljander prayed aloud, passionately for peace in Sudan. That night Siljander convinced President Omar al-Bashir to work closely with the United Nations."[33]

Siljander was featured in the 2019 [Netflix](/source/Netflix) miniseries [*The Family*](/source/The_Family_(miniseries)), which details the history and activities of [The Fellowship](/source/The_Fellowship_(Christian_organization)), a secretive Christian organization with ties to politicians and world leaders. In the series, Siljander recounts his efforts to engage Muammar Gaddafi and help bring the Pan Am Flight 103 Lockerbie bombing terror suspects to justice.[34]

In 2020, [Pro-life](/source/Anti-abortion_movements) Members of Congress led by [Senator Lankford](/source/James_Lankford) used the Siljander Amendment to Prevent US from Funding Abortions, Abortion Advocacy Abroad.[35]

In 2025, Mark Siljander was featured on the [Jordan Peterson](/source/Jordan_Peterson) podcast which covered topics ranging from Islam, linguistic studies of the [Aramaic](/source/Aramaic) language of Jesus, and its application in international peacemaking.

### Criminal conviction and pardon

December 2020 pardon granted by Donald Trump

On January 16, 2008, Siljander was [indicted](/source/Indictment) in the [federal district court in the Western District of Missouri](/source/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_Missouri) on five counts including [money laundering](/source/Money_laundering), [conspiracy](/source/Conspiracy_(crime)) and [obstruction of justice](/source/Obstruction_of_justice).[36][37] Siljander initially pleaded not guilty,[38] but on July 7, 2010, as part of a [plea agreement](/source/Plea_agreement), Siljander pleaded guilty to obstruction of justice and acting as an [unregistered foreign agent](/source/Foreign_Agents_Registration_Act).[39] On January 12, 2012, he was sentenced to a [year and a day](/source/Year_and_a_day_rule) in prison.[40]

The group for which Siljander worked as an unregistered foreign agent was the [Islamic American Relief Agency](/source/Islamic_American_Relief_Agency), a [Columbus, Missouri](/source/Columbus%2C_Missouri)-based charity, which hired Siljander in early 2004 to lobby to get IARA removed from a [Senate Finance Committee](/source/Senate_Finance_Committee) list of charities suspected of funding international terrorism.[41][42][43] IARA closed in October 2004 after it was added to the Treasury Department's list of [global terrorist organizations](/source/Specially_Designated_Global_Terrorist).

During Siljander's sentencing, U.S. District Judge [Nanette Kay Laughrey](/source/Nanette_Kay_Laughrey) stated that: ..."[U]nder the circumstances of this case there was no specific harm by the lobbying efforts that you undertook... The truth is, when you look at this objectively, this is not a case about somebody aiding a terrorist, it just isn't, and it would be wrong of me to, in fact, try to make it out to be that."

In December 2020, President [Donald Trump](/source/Donald_Trump) pardoned Siljander, praising his pro-life record while a congressman and his post-prison work abroad.[44] Trump's decision to pardon Siljander was criticized by Republican Congressman [Fred Upton](/source/Fred_Upton), who succeeded Siljander after defeating him in the 1986 Republican primary.[41][45] His pardon was supported by [Edwin Meese](/source/Edwin_Meese), [Newt Gingrich](/source/Newt_Gingrich), [Mike Huckabee](/source/Mike_Huckabee), [Robert Aderholt](/source/Robert_Aderholt), and [Andrew Brunson](/source/Andrew_Brunson).[46]

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** ["SILJANDER, Mark Deli – Biographical Information"](http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=S000409). *bioguide.congress.gov*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** ["Relationships to Science"](https://web.archive.org/web/20160130055159/http://www.nautilusbookawards.com/Relationships_to_Science.html). Archived from [the original](http://www.nautilusbookawards.com/Relationships_to_Science.html) on 2016-01-30. Retrieved 2016-01-22.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-bioguide_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-bioguide_3-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-bioguide_3-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-bioguide_3-3) ["Siljander, Mark Deli – Biographical Information"](http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=S000409). United States Congress. Retrieved 2008-01-16.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Bernard Gwertzman (1985-03-05). ["INVITATION TO A TICKLISH SITUATION"](https://www.nytimes.com/1985/03/05/us/invitation-to-a-ticklish-situation.html). *The New York Times*.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-True_Believer_5-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-True_Believer_5-1) ["True Believer"](https://web.archive.org/web/20080120040711/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C954747%2C00.html). *Time*. 1981-05-04. Archived from [the original](http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,954747,00.html) on January 20, 2008. Retrieved 2010-05-12.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** John Block (July 8, 1981). ["Siljander Expresses Anger Over O'Connor Nomination"](https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=P1pPAAAAIBAJ&pg=4809,4506832). *Toledo Blade* – via Google News Archive.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Lawrence1997_7-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Lawrence1997_7-1) Christine C. Lawrence, *Congressional Quarterly's Politics in America: 2008, the 105th Congress* (Congressional Quarertly: 1997), p. 729.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** ["MI District 4 - Special R Primary Race - Mar 24, 1981"](http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=748995). Our Campaigns. Retrieved 2012-08-07.

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** *The Milwaukee Journal* [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=7WcaAAAAIBAJ&pg=2121,2264215](https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=7WcaAAAAIBAJ&pg=2121,2264215) – via Google News Archive Search. {{[cite web](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_web)}}: Missing or empty |title= ([help](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title))[*[dead link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot)*]

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** ["Toledo Blade - Google News Archive Search"](https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=nz1PAAAAIBAJ&pg=3678,1915455). *Toledo Blade* – via Google News Archive Search.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** ["The Argus-Press - Google News Archive Search"](https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=InkiAAAAIBAJ&sjid=-qwFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1199,4465399). *The Argus-Press* – via Google News Archive Search.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** ["Congressional Research Service"](https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF12235).

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-16)** ["MI District 4 Race - Nov 02, 1982"](http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=37102). Our Campaigns. Retrieved 2012-08-07.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-17)** ["MI District 4 - R Primary Race - Aug 06, 1984"](http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=556501). Our Campaigns. Retrieved 2012-08-07.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-18)** ["MI District 4 Race - Nov 06, 1984"](http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=51793). Our Campaigns. Retrieved 2012-08-07.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-19)** Cockburn, Alexander (2000-08-07). "Don't Waste Your Vote. (brief article)". *The Nation*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-20)** ["NCHLA"](https://web.archive.org/web/20070927034355/http://www.nchla.org/keyvoteabt.asp?vote=307). Archived from [the original](http://www.nchla.org/keyvoteabt.asp?vote=307) on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2008-01-23.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-21)** ["PRE-TRIP BRIEFING ON ROMANIA FOR CONGRESSMAN MARK SILJANDER (R. MI)"](https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/document/cia-rdp90b01370r001602000049-0).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-22)** ["Bill Summary & Status 99th Congress (1985 - 1986) H.R.2596 – All Information"](https://web.archive.org/web/20160113094122/http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/D?d099%3A7%3A.%2Ftemp%2F~bdfXU0%3A%40%40%40L). THOMAS (Library Of Congress). Archived from [the original](http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/D?d099:7:./temp/~bdfXU0:@@@L) on 2016-01-13. Retrieved 2012-01-14.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-23)** ["Why Romania No Longer Deserves to Be a Most Favored Nation"](https://web.archive.org/web/20080120021530/http://www.heritage.org/Research/Europe/bg441.cfm). Archived from the original on 2008-01-20. Retrieved 2008-01-17.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-24)** ["MI District 4 - R Primary Race - Aug 05, 1986"](http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=223545). Our Campaigns. Retrieved 2012-08-07.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-25)** ["'Satan' tape proved fatal for Siljander"](https://www.upi.com/Archives/1986/08/06/Satan-tape-proved-fatal-for-Siljander/2151523684800/). *upi.com*. 1986-08-06. Retrieved 2022-12-20.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-26)** Baker, Peter (1992-03-22). "Former Michigan Representative Enters Race for N.Va.'s New Seat". *The Washington Post*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-27)** Hsu, Evelyn; Peter Baker (1992-06-10). "McSlarrow, Butler Win N.Va. Races; GOP Primaries Fill Congressional Slates". *The Washington Post*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-28)** ["Bridges to Common Ground – About Bridges – Learn More"](https://web.archive.org/web/20160129025105/http://www.bridgestocommonground.org/about/about-bridges-learn-more/). Archived from [the original](http://www.bridgestocommonground.org/about/about-bridges-learn-more/) on 2016-01-29. Retrieved 2016-01-22.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-29)** ["About Trac5 -- Our Mission"](https://web.archive.org/web/20160131164255/http://trac5.org/about_trac5/our_mission.php). Archived from [the original](http://trac5.org/about_trac5/our_mission.php) on 2016-01-31. Retrieved 2016-01-22.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-30)** ["About Trac5"](https://trac5.org/about/). Retrieved 2023-07-27.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-nautilusbookawards.com_31-0)** ["2009 NAUTILUS BOOK AWARDS SILVER WINNERS"](https://web.archive.org/web/20090517014226/http://www.nautilusbookawards.com/2009_Silver_Winners.html). Archived from the original on May 17, 2009. Retrieved 2009-05-06.{{[cite web](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_web)}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown))

1. **[^](#cite_ref-32)** Farley, Maggie (2008-01-19). ["Indicted ex-lawmaker as diplomat"](https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-jan-19-fg-unterror19-story.html). *Los Angeles Times*. Retrieved 2010-05-12.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-33)** Ki-moon, Ban (2021-06-15). [*Resolved: Uniting Nations in a Divided World*](https://books.google.com/books?id=Lm4HEAAAQBAJ). Columbia University Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-231-55278-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-55278-3).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-34)** Gilbert, Sophie (2019-08-14). ["The Patriarchal Allure of 'The Family'"](https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2019/08/the-family-netflix-review-religious-political-group/596035/). *The Atlantic*. Retrieved 2021-01-04.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-35)** ["Lankford Press Release"](https://www.lankford.senate.gov/news/press-releases/lankford-leads-letter-to-urge-usaid-to-prevent-us-from-funding-abortions-abortion-advocacy-abroad).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-36)** ["Former lawmaker charged in terrorism case"](https://web.archive.org/web/20080118053821/http://www.cnn.com/2008/US/01/16/former.congressman.indicted.ap/index.html). *CNN*. Associated Press. 2008-01-16. Archived from [the original](http://www.cnn.com/2008/US/01/16/former.congressman.indicted.ap/index.html) on January 18, 2008. Retrieved 2008-01-16.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-37)** ["Islamic charity charged with terrorist financing (press release)"](https://web.archive.org/web/20080120043742/http://www.usdoj.gov/usao/mow/news2008/iara.ind2.htm). US Attorney's Office Western District of Missouri. 2008-01-16. Archived from [the original](https://www.usdoj.gov/usao/mow/news2008/iara.ind2.htm) on 2008-01-20. Retrieved 2008-01-16.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-38)** ["Ex-lawmaker pleads not guilty in money-laundering case"](http://lakeexpo.com/news/top_stories/ex-lawmaker-pleads-not-guilty-in-money-laundering-case/article_0bfe70fb-3f5d-5061-9e0b-ec90fca8204f.html). LakeExpo.com. 2008-01-29. Retrieved 2016-01-15.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-39)** [Chris Killian, "Pity, disbelief expressed for Mark Siljander: Former Southwest Michigan congressman pleads guilty to federal charges", *Kalamazoo Gazette*, July 8, 2010. Accessed August 31, 2011.](https://www.mlive.com/news/kalamazoo/2010/07/pity_disbelief_expressed_for_m.html)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-40)** ["Former Michigan congressman Mark Siljander sentenced to year in federal prison"](http://www.mlive.com/news/kalamazoo/index.ssf/2012/01/former_michigan_congressman_ma.html,).[*[dead link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot)*]

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:0_41-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:0_41-1) Egan, Paul. ["Donald Trump's latest pardons include former Michigan congressman Mark Siljander"](https://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/2020/12/24/donald-trump-pardons-mark-siljander-michigan-congressman/4037182001/). *Detroit Free Press*. Retrieved 2020-12-24.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-42)** Frank James (July 7, 2010). ["Former Lawmaker Guilty Of Obscuring Tie To Suspected Terror-Charity"](https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2010/07/07/128368489/former-lawmaker-guilty-of-obscuring-tie-to-terror-linked-charity). NPR.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-43)** C. M. Matthews (January 12, 2012). ["Former Congressman Gets One Year For Lobbying For Terror Sponsor"](https://www.wsj.com/articles/BL-CCB-5714). *Wall Street Journal*. IARA hired Siljander in 2004 to lobby for its removal from a U.S. Senate Finance Committee list of charities suspected of funding international terrorism, and its reinstatement as an approved government contractor.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-44)** ["Statement from the Press Secretary Regarding Executive Grants of Clemency"](https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefings-statements/statement-press-secretary-regarding-executive-grants-clemency-122320/).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-45)** *Egan, Paul (December 24, 2020). ["Donald Trump's latest pardons include former Michigan Congressman Mark Siljander"](https://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/2020/12/24/donald-trump-pardons-mark-siljander-michigan-congressman/4037182001/). *Detroit Free Press*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20201225215905/https://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/2020/12/24/donald-trump-pardons-mark-siljander-michigan-congressman/4037182001/) from the original on December 25, 2020. Retrieved 2020-12-26. - John Agar (December 24, 2020). ["Michigan Republican 'stunned' by President Trump's pardon of ex-congressman"](https://www.mlive.com/politics/2020/12/michigan-republican-stunned-by-president-trumps-pardon-of-ex-congressman.html). MLive. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20201224182954/https://www.mlive.com/politics/2020/12/michigan-republican-stunned-by-president-trumps-pardon-of-ex-congressman.html) from the original on December 24, 2020. Retrieved December 27, 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-46)** ["Statement from the Press Secretary Regarding Executive Grants of Clemency – The White House"](https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefings-statements/statement-press-secretary-regarding-executive-grants-clemency-122320/). *trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov*. Retrieved 2025-03-06.

## External links

- [Siljander at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress](http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=S000409)

- [Author's page on Amazon](https://www.amazon.com/Mark-D.-Siljander/e/B001JS0R7S/ref=dp_byline_cont_book_1)

- [Global Strategies, Inc.](http://www.gsi.cc/)

- [Trac5](http://trac5.org/)

- [Bridges to Common Ground](http://www.bridgestocommonground.org/)

- [A Deadly Misunderstanding](http://www.adeadlymisunderstanding.com/book.php)

- [Appearances](https://www.c-span.org/person/?1000487) on [C-SPAN](/source/C-SPAN)

U.S. House of Representatives Preceded by David Stockman Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Michigan's 4th congressional district 1981–1987 Succeeded by Fred Upton U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial) Preceded by Ed Bethune as Former U.S. Representative Order of precedence of the United States as Former U.S. Representative Succeeded by Bill Schuette as Former U.S. Representative

v t e Michigan's delegation(s) to the 97th–99th United States Congresses (ordered by seniority) 97th Senate: ▌D. Riegle (D) · ▌C. Levin (D) House: ▌J. Dingell Jr. (D) ▌W. Broomfield (R) ▌J. Conyers (D) ▌W. Ford (D) ▌G. Vander Jagt (R) ▌J. B. Traxler (D) ▌J. Blanchard (D) ▌W. Brodhead (D) ▌D. Bonior (D) ▌D. Kildee (D) ▌C. Pursell (R) ▌H. Sawyer (R) ▌D. Stockman (R) ▌D. Albosta (D) ▌B. Davis (R) ▌H. Wolpe (D) ▌G. Crockett (D) ▌J. Dunn (R) ▌D. Hertel (D) ▌M. Siljander (R) 98th Senate: ▌D. Riegle (D) · ▌C. Levin (D) House: ▌J. Dingell Jr. (D) ▌W. Broomfield (R) ▌J. Conyers (D) ▌W. Ford (D) ▌G. Vander Jagt (R) ▌J. B. Traxler (D) ▌D. Bonior (D) ▌D. Kildee (D) ▌C. Pursell (R) ▌H. Sawyer (R) ▌B. Carr (D) ▌D. Albosta (D) ▌B. Davis (R) ▌H. Wolpe (D) ▌G. Crockett (D) ▌D. Hertel (D) ▌M. Siljander (R) ▌S. Levin (D) 99th Senate: ▌D. Riegle (D) · ▌C. Levin (D) House: ▌J. Dingell Jr. (D) ▌W. Broomfield (R) ▌J. Conyers (D) ▌W. Ford (D) ▌G. Vander Jagt (R) ▌J. B. Traxler (D) ▌D. Bonior (D) ▌D. Kildee (D) ▌C. Pursell (R) ▌B. Carr (D) ▌B. Davis (R) ▌H. Wolpe (D) ▌G. Crockett (D) ▌D. Hertel (D) ▌M. Siljander (R) ▌S. Levin (D) ▌P. Henry (R) ▌B. Schuette (R)

v t e United States representatives from Michigan Territory Woodbridge Sibley Richard Wing Biddle Wing Lyon G. Jones At-large Crary J. Howard Kelley Staebler 1st district McClelland Buel Penniman D. Stuart W. Howard Cooper W. Howard Granger Beaman Waldron Field A. S. Williams Newberry Lord Maybury J. L. Chipman Griffin Corliss Lucking Denby Doremus Codd Clancy Sosnowski Clancy Sadowski Tenerowicz Sadowski Machrowicz Nedzi Conyers Stupak Benishek Bergman 2nd district Lyon J. S. Chipman E. Bradley C. Stuart Sprague C. Stuart Noble Waldron Beaman Upson Stoughton Waldron Willits Eldredge Allen Gorman Spalding H. Smith Townsend Wedemeyer Beakes Bacon Beakes Michener Lehr Michener Meader Vivian Esch Pursell Hoekstra Huizenga Moolenaar 3rd district Hunt Bingham J. Conger Clark Walbridge Kellogg Longyear Blair Willard McGowan Lacey O'Donnell Burrows Milnes A. Todd Gardner J. Smith Frankhauser J. Smith A. B. Williams Hooper Kimball Main Shafer Johansen P. Todd G. Brown Wolpe Henry Ehlers Amash Meijer Scholten 4th district H. L. Stevens Peck Leach Trowbridge Kellogg Ferry Foster Burrows Potter Keightley Burrows Yaple Burrows Thomas Hamilton Ketcham Foulkes Hoffman Hutchinson Stockman Siljander Upton Camp Moolenaar Huizenga 5th district Baldwin Trowbridge O. Conger Foster W. Williams Stone Webber Houseman Comstock M. Ford Belknap M. Ford Belknap Richardson W. Smith Diekema Sweet Mapes Jonkman G. Ford Vander Veen Sawyer Henry Barcia D. E. Kildee D. T. Kildee Walberg 6th district Driggs Strickland Sutherland Begole Durand Brewer Spaulding Winans Brewer Stout Aitken S. Smith Kelley Hudson Person Cady Blackney Transue Blackney Clardy Hayworth Chamberlain Carr Dunn Carr Upton Dingell 7th district O. Conger Rich Carleton Whiting Snover Weeks McMorran Cramton Wolcott McIntosh O'Hara Mackie Riegle D. E. Kildee N. Smith Schwarz Walberg Schauer Walberg Slotkin Barrett 8th district N. Bradley Ellsworth Horr Tarsney Bliss Youmans Linton Brucker Fordney Vincent Hart Crawford Bentley Harvey Traxler Carr Chrysler Stabenow Rogers M. Bishop Slotkin Kildee McDonald Rivet 9th district Hubbell Cutcheon H. Wheeler Moon R. Bishop McLaughlin Harry W. Musselwhite Engel Thompson Griffin Vander Jagt D. E. Kildee Knollenberg Peters S. Levin A. Levin McClain 10th district Hatch Fisher F. Wheeler Weadock Crump Aplin Loud Woodruff Loud Currie Woodruff Cederberg Albosta Schuette Camp Bonior Miller Mitchell McClain J. James 11th district Breitung Moffatt Seymour Stephenson Avery Mesick Darragh Dodds Lindquist Scott Bohn P. Brown Luecke F. Bradley Potter Knox Clevenger Ruppe Davis Knollenberg McCotter Curson Bentivolio Trott H. Stevens 12th district Stephenson Shelden Young MacDonald W. F. James Hook Bennett Hook Bennett O'Hara Bonior Levin J. Dingell Jr. D. Dingell Tlaib 13th district Nichols McLeod Brennan McLeod O'Brien McLeod O'Brien Coffin O'Brien Diggs Crockett Collins W. Ford Rivers Kilpatrick Clarke Conyers B. Jones Tlaib Thanedar 14th district Weideman Rabaut Youngblood Rabaut Ryan Nedzi Hertel Conyers Peters Lawrence 15th district J. Dingell Sr. J. Dingell Jr. W. Ford Collins Kilpatrick J. Dingell Jr. 16th district Lesinski Sr. Lesinski Jr. J. Dingell Jr. 17th district Dondero Oakman Griffiths Brodhead Levin 18th district Dondero Broomfield Huber Blanchard Broomfield 19th district Farnum McDonald Broomfield

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Mark D. Siljander](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_D._Siljander) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_D._Siljander?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.