# Mario Castoldi
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{{Short description|Italian aircraft engineer and designer}}
{{Infobox person
| birth_name =
| name = Mario Castoldi
| image = Mario Castoldi progettista Macchi.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Mario Castoldi
| birth_date = {{birth date|1888|2|26|df=y}}
| birth_place = [Zibido San Giacomo](/source/Zibido_San_Giacomo), [Kingdom of Italy](/source/Kingdom_of_Italy)
| death_date = {{death date and age|1968|5|31|1888|2|26|df=y}}
| death_place = [Trezzano sul Naviglio](/source/Trezzano_sul_Naviglio), [Italy](/source/Italy)
| burial_place =
| party =
| occupation = {{hlist|[Aeronautical engineer](/source/Aeronautical_engineer)|aircraft designer}}
| known_for = Design of [Macchi MC.200](/source/Macchi_MC.200), [Macchi MC.202](/source/Macchi_MC.202) and [Macchi C.205](/source/Macchi_C.205) fighters
| alma_mater = [Polytechnic University of Milan](/source/Polytechnic_University_of_Milan)
| spouse =
| children =
| father =
| relatives =
| awards =
| module = {{Infobox military person
| embed = yes
| allegiance = [Kingdom of Italy](/source/Kingdom_of_Italy)
| branch =
| service_years = 1915–1918
| rank = [Tenente](/source/Military_ranks_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy)
| awards =
| other_work =
}}
| module2 = {{Infobox scientist
| embed = yes
| fields = {{ublist|[Aeronautical engineering](/source/Aeronautical_engineering)
[Mechanical engineering](/source/Mechanical_engineering)
}}
| workplaces = {{ublist|[Fabbrica Aeroplani Ing. O. Pomilio](/source/Fabbrica_Aeroplani_Ing._O._Pomilio)|[Aermacchi](/source/Aermacchi)}}
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}}
| signature =
}}
'''Mario Castoldi''' (February 26, 1888 – May 31, 1968) was an Italian aircraft engineer and designer.[{{Cite book |last1=Rovetta |first1=Alberto |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QPpNDwAAQBAJ |title=Scientific Knowledge Communication in Museums |last2=Rovida |first2=Edoardo |date=2018-02-25 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-319-68330-0 |pages=72 |language=en}}]
==Biography==
Born in [Zibido San Giacomo](/source/Zibido_San_Giacomo), [Province of Milan](/source/Province_of_Milan), Castoldi worked for the experimental center of Italian Military Aviation at [Montecelio](/source/Guidonia_Montecelio), not far from [Rome](/source/Rome).
In 1922, he moved to [Macchi Aeronautica](/source/Aermacchi), where he became famous for designing a series of [seaplane](/source/seaplane)s that set world speed records.[{{Cite book |last1=Costanzi |first1=M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ePWUEAAAQBAJ |title=Vol.1 A.I.D.A.A. Proceedings of the XXV AIDAA International Congress of Aeronautics and Astronautics |last2=Carducci |first2=G. |last3=Casale |first3=C. |last4=Russo |first4=P. |last5=Marulo |first5=F. |last6=Maccarrone |first6=M. |last7=Battista |first7=N. |last8=Gambacurta |first8=A. |last9=Fava |first9=M. |date=2021 |publisher=Persiani Editore |isbn=979-12-5956-006-3 |pages=624 |language=en}}] His first winning plane was the [Macchi M.39](/source/Macchi_M.39) seaplane. It was designed in 1925–26 to compete in the [Schneider Trophy](/source/Schneider_Trophy) race of 1926. Powered (like all the Macchi planes from this time) by a [Fiat](/source/Fiat) engine, it managed a top speed of 396 km/h (246 mph) and won the contest for that year.
For the next four years, Castoldi designed several more racing seaplanes (the [M.52](/source/Macchi_M.52), M.52R, and the M.67), which entered the Schneider Trophy races but they lost to the British racers (the Supermarine S.5, and the [Supermarine S.6](/source/Supermarine_S.6)). Castoldi's most famous plane was the [Macchi M.C.72](/source/Macchi_M.C.72) (designed over three years, from 1931 to 1933). At first, Castoldi hoped this plane would enter (and win) the Schneider Trophy race of 1931, but the plane could not be ready in time for that contest (the winner was the British [Supermarine S.6B](/source/Supermarine_S.6B)). As a result of three consecutive victories for the British, the Schneider races were over.
Development on the M.C.72 continued. Jane asserts that the Italian [dictator](/source/dictator) [Benito Mussolini](/source/Benito_Mussolini) personally supported the M.C.72 program (most likely as a part of his efforts to gain international prestige for Italy). After the deaths of two test pilots who were flying the plane, in April 1933, pilot [Francesco Agello](/source/Francesco_Agello) succeeded in setting a speed record for a [seaplane](/source/seaplane) with a speed of 684 km/h. Work on improving the plane's speed continued as the design team hoped they could exceed a speed of 700 km/h. After a year and a half, this feat was accomplished by Agello, who attained an average speed of 709 km/h (440 mph) flying the three passes in M.C.72 on October 23, 1934. This world speed record lasted for five years, but as a record for a piston-engine seaplane, it has never been broken.
After the M.C.72, Castoldi worked on designs for Italian fighters. However, he was limited by the inability of Fiat to provide more powerful engines. Later designs had to rely on German-supplied engines. Castoldi was in charge of the design of a series of military fighters that formed the mainstay of the Italian fighter force in World War II, specifically the [C.200](/source/Macchi_MC.200), [C.202](/source/Macchi_MC.202) and [Macchi C.205](/source/Macchi_C.205).
In 1945, Castoldi retreated to private life. He died at [Trezzano sul Naviglio](/source/Trezzano_sul_Naviglio) in 1968.
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* {{DBI | title = CASTOLDI, Mario | url = https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/mario-castoldi_(Dizionario-Biografico) | first = Mario |last= Gaudiano | volume = 22}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Castoldi, Mario}}
Category:1888 births
Category:1968 deaths
Category:Italian aircraft designers
Category:Italian engineers
Category:20th-century Italian engineers
Category:Polytechnic University of Milan alumni
Category:People from the Metropolitan City of Milan
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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Mario Castoldi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mario_Castoldi) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mario_Castoldi?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.