# Mariano Vera

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Argentine politician

**Mariano Vera** ([Santa Fe de la Vera Cruz](/source/Santa_Fe%2C_Argentina), [Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata](/source/Viceroyalty_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata) c. 1780 – Cayastá, [Santa Fe](/source/Santa_Fe_Province), [Argentine Confederation](/source/Argentine_Confederation) 26 March 1840) was a *[caudillo](/source/Caudillo)* and governor of the [Santa Fe Province](/source/Santa_Fe_Province), [United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata](/source/United_Provinces_of_the_Rio_de_la_Plata), between 12 April 1816 and 23 July 1818, all during a period of change driven by revolution and civil war in this portion of [South America](/source/South_America).

Vera was a supporter of [federalism](/source/Federalism), against the idea of a centralized government. After the [proclamation of the first national government junta](/source/May_Revolution), in 1810, Santa Fe was ruled by [lieutenant governors](/source/Lieutenant_governor) sent from the capital [Buenos Aires](/source/Buenos_Aires), which did not sit well with many local citizens and worked to increase the influence of the federalist leader [José Gervasio Artigas](/source/Jos%C3%A9_Gervasio_Artigas), based on the Eastern Bank (today's [Uruguay](/source/Uruguay)). The Supreme Directorship invaded Santa Fe in March 1815; the next month Artigas liberated it and set up [Francisco Candioti](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francisco_Candioti&action=edit&redlink=1) [[es](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Candioti)] as governor. Candioti was in turn ousted and replaced by the centralist [Juan Francisco Tarragona](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Juan_Francisco_Tarragona&action=edit&redlink=1) [[es](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Francisco_Tarragona)].

Vera and other political leaders, notably [Estanislao López](/source/Estanislao_L%C3%B3pez), gathered the support of Candioti's followers, and rebelled in March 1816, helped by Artigas's troops coming via [Paraná, Entre Ríos](/source/Paran%C3%A1%2C_Entre_R%C3%ADos). Buenos Aires's occupation forces under [Juan José Viamonte](/source/Juan_Jos%C3%A9_Viamonte) were defeated, and Mariano Vera was elected governor of Santa Fe.

Soon afterwards, the governments of Santa Fe and Buenos Aires signed treaties by which Buenos Aires acknowledged Santa Fe as a "free and independent" entity until a national constitution was drawn by the upcoming [Congress of Tucumán](/source/Congress_of_Tucum%C3%A1n). Santa Fe would send a deputy to the Congress, and the economically essential roads passing through Santa Fe towards [Peru](/source/Peru) and [Chile](/source/Chile) would not be closed to traffic.

Governor Vera thus adopted a pragmatic equilibrium stance between Artigas and Buenos Aires, prioritizing the interests of the province rather than ideological concerns. Santa Fe, an agricultural region beside the [Paraná River](/source/Paran%C3%A1_River), needed to have access to the port of Buenos Aires and at the same time could not allow Buenos Aires to centralize power, which would make its port the only one allowed to function (as it happened decades later, during the rule of [Juan Manuel de Rosas](/source/Juan_Manuel_de_Rosas)). However, the government of Buenos Aires delayed the ratification of the treaties, and started a campaign to retake power in Santa Fe, first through a failed military operation in August 1816, and then giving support to Vera's political enemies and to uprisings in Santa Fe and other provinces.

Vera turned decidedly to support the cause of Artigas, sending troops, guns and supplies to the [Eastern Bank](/source/Banda_Oriental) (modern-day [Uruguay](/source/Uruguay)). The hostilities continued. In March 1818 Buenos Aires sent new military missions to Santa Fe and Entre Ríos. Governor Vera, weakened, was eventually ousted by his former ally [Estanislao López](/source/Estanislao_L%C3%B3pez), who would prevail over the centralist army and rule the province for twenty years.

Preceded by Juan Francisco Tarragona Governor of Santa Fe 1816–1818 Succeeded by Estanislao López

## Sources

*In Spanish unless otherwise noted.*

- Historia General de las Relaciones Exteriores de la República Argentina. [El caso de Santa Fe](http://www.cema.edu.ar/ceieg/arg-rree/2/2-032.htm), etc.

- País Global. [Cronología de la Historia Argentina - 1816](https://web.archive.org/web/20070927175833/http://www.pais-global.com.ar/cronoar/crono12.htm).

v t e Argentine Civil Wars (1814–76) Parties involved (leaders) Federalists José Gervasio Artigas Mariano Vera Estanislao López Francisco Ramírez Juan Bautista Bustos Manuel Dorrego Facundo Quiroga Alejandro Heredia Pascual Echagüe Juan Manuel de Rosas Justo José de Urquiza Ricardo López Jordán Juan Felipe Varela [es] Chacho Peñaloza Unitarians Juan Martín de Pueyrredón José Rondeau Bernardino Rivadavia Juan Lavalle José María Paz Juan Esteban Pedernera Gregorio Aráoz de Lamadrid Pedro Ferré Domingo Faustino Sarmiento Battles Cepeda (1820) Navarro (1828) San Roque (1829) Márquez Bridge (1829) La Tablada (1829) Oncativo (1830) Sauce Grande (1840) Famaillá (1841) Caaguazú (1841) Laguna Limpia (1846) Caseros (1852) Cepeda (1859) Pavón (1861) Pozo de Vargas (1867) Don Gonzalo (1873) Treaties Pilar (1820) Benegas (1820) Quadrilateral (1822) Cañuelas Pact (1829) Federal Pact (1831) Protocol of Palermo (1852) San Nicolás (1852) Pact of San José de Flores (1859) See also United Provinces of the Río de la Plata League of the Free Peoples Arequito Revolt Revolution of the Restorers Unitarian League Argentine Confederation Uruguayan Civil War Freemen of the South Revolution of 11 September 1852 State of Buenos Aires Argentine Constitution of 1853

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Mariano Vera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariano_Vera) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariano_Vera?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.