# Maria Chekhova

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{{Short description|Founder of the Chekhov Memorial House (1863–1957)}}
{{about|the Russian teacher and artist|the Russian feminist, suffragette and educator|Maria Chekhova (feminist)|the Russian-German physicist|Maria V. Chekhova}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox person
|name        = Maria Chekhova
|native_name = {{nobold|Мария Чехова}}
|image       = Maria Chekhova.jpg
|alt         = 
|caption     = Chekhova in 1882
|birth_date  = {{Birth date|1863|08|31|df=y}}
|birth_place = [Taganrog](/source/Taganrog), Russian Empire
|death_date  = {{Death date and age|1957|01|15|1863|08|31|df=y}}
|death_place = [Yalta](/source/Yalta), Soviet Union
|other_names = 
|known_for   = Founder of the Chekhov Memorial House museum in [Yalta](/source/Yalta)
|occupation  = Teacher, artist
|awards = [Saint Stanislaus ribbon](/source/Order_of_Saint_Stanislaus_(Imperial_House_of_Romanov))<br />[Order of the Red Banner of Labour](/source/Order_of_the_Red_Banner_of_Labour)
}}

'''Maria Pavlovna Chekhova''' ({{langx|ru|Мари́я Па́вловна Че́хова}}) was a Russian teacher, artist, founder of the Chekhov Memorial House museum in [Yalta](/source/Yalta), and a recipient of the [Order of the Red Banner of Labour](/source/Order_of_the_Red_Banner_of_Labour). [Anton Chekhov](/source/Anton_Chekhov) was her brother.

== Biography ==
Maria Pavlovna Chekhova was born on 31 August 1863 in the city of [Taganrog](/source/Taganrog). She entered the [Mariinskaya Girls' Gymnasium](/source/Mariinsky_Girls'_Gymnasium_(Taganrog)) in 1872. After the family's bankruptcy in 1876, she moved with the family to [Moscow](/source/Moscow) where she graduated from the Filaretovski Eparkhial School for Women in 1884. From 1886 to 1904 she read lectures on history and geography in Rzhevskaya's private gymnasium for girls. In the 1890s she studied art at Stroganovka (also known as [Stroganov Moscow State Academy of Arts and Industry](/source/Stroganov_Moscow_State_Academy_of_Arts_and_Industry)). In 1903 she was the recipient of a gold medal on the [Saint Stanislaus ribbon](/source/Order_of_Saint_Stanislaus_(Imperial_House_of_Romanov)) for assiduity in education.

After the death of [Anton Chekhov](/source/Anton_Chekhov), she dedicated her life to the collection and publication of the literary heritage of her brother. In 1914 Maria Chekhova donated the personal belongings of Anton Chekhov to the Chekhov Museum in [Taganrog](/source/Taganrog), and was present at the inauguration of the [Chekhov Library](/source/Chekhov_Library) designed by Chekhov's friend [Fyodor Schechtel](/source/Fyodor_Schechtel).

From 1922 to 1957 she was the director of the Chekhov Museum in [Yalta](/source/Yalta).

In 1935 Maria Chekhova and [Olga Knipper](/source/Olga_Knipper) visited the birth city of Chekhov, Taganrog, to participate in the events commemorating the 75th anniversary of Anton Chekhov's birth. The former Boys Gymnasium (school no. 2) was named after Chekhov ([Chekhov Gymnasium](/source/Chekhov_Gymnasium)).

In 1944 the Soviet government awarded Maria Chekhova with the [Order of the Red Banner of Labour](/source/Order_of_the_Red_Banner_of_Labour) for her many years of work at the Chekhov Museum in Yalta and for her contribution to the publication of Chekhov's literary heritage.

== References ==
# ''Шапочка Е.А.'' Чехова Мария Павловна // Энциклопедия Таганрога. — Таганрог: Антон, 1998. — с. 538. — {{ISBN|5-88040-017-4}}.

{{Anton Chekhov|state=collapsed}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chekhova, Maria}}
Category:1863 births
Category:1957 deaths
Category:19th-century artists from the Russian Empire
Category:20th-century Russian artists
Category:Anton Chekhov
Category:Artists from Taganrog
Category:People from Yalta
Category:People from Yekaterinoslav Governorate
Category:Schoolteachers from the Russian Empire
Category:Stroganov Moscow State Academy of Arts and Industry alumni

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Maria Chekhova](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Chekhova) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Chekhova?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.