# Mapping controversies

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**Mapping controversies** (**MC**) is an academic course taught in [science studies](/source/Science_studies),[1] stemming from the writings of the French sociologist and philosopher [Bruno Latour](/source/Bruno_Latour).[2] MC focuses exclusively on the [controversies surrounding scientific knowledge](/source/Scientific_controversy) rather than the established scientific facts or outcomes. Thus, it helps sociologists, anthropologists and other social scientists get insights not into scientific knowledge *per se*, but rather into *the process of gaining knowledge*. Thus, MC sheds light on those intermediate stages corresponding to the actual research process and pinpoints the connections between scientific work and other types of activities.

## History

The term *mapping controversies* was first suggested in relation to analysis of scientific and technological controversies,[3] and then lately[when?] re-affirmed as a widely applicable methodological approach going beyond the boundaries of science studies.[4] It is usually used for the methodology that identifies and tracks down the polemics or debate surrounding a scientific fact, and utilises various visualisation tools to present the problem in its complexity.

From January 2008 until December 2009, Latour coordinated the project "Mapping Controversies on Science for Politics (MACOSPOL)".[5] The showcase website is .[6]

In 2008 and 2009 several universities in Europe and the USA[example needed] started teaching mapping controversies courses for students in political sciences,[7] engineering,[8][9] and architecture.[10]

An earlier attempt to stage controversies in museum settings took place at the Gallery of Research in Vienna in 2005.[11][12]

## References

1. Hess, DJ. Science Studies: An Advanced Introduction. NYU Press, 1997

1. ["Mapping Controversies to interaction"](http://web.mit.edu/oeit/browse/case-studies/lepinay.html). web.mit.edu. Retrieved 2009-02-15.

1. Latour., B. Science in Action: How to Follow Scientists and Engineers through Society, Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 1987

1. Latour, B. Reassembling the social: An introduction to actor-network-theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005

1. [MACOSPOL EU/FP7](https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/217701) Retrieved on 2019-12-14

1. [www.mappingcontroversies.net Retrieved on 2009-12-21](http://mappingcontroversies.net/Home/AboutMacospol)

1. [Média Lab Sciences Po](http://www.medialab.sciences-po.fr/projets/teaching-controversy-mapping/) sciences-po.fr Retrieved on 2017-06-21

1. [MIT](http://www.demoscience.org/) web.mit.edu Retrieved on 2009-02-16

1. [Ecoles Polytechniques Fédérales de Lausanne](http://mappingcontroversies.epfl.ch/) [Archived](https://archive.today/20120712012636/http://mappingcontroversies.epfl.ch/) 2012-07-12 at archive.today mappingcontroversies.epfl.ch Retrieved on 2009-02-16

1. [University of Manchester](http://mappingcontroversies.co.uk) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20090515123357/http://www.mappingcontroversies.co.uk/) 2009-05-15 at the Wayback Machine mappingcontroversies.co.uk Retrieved on 2009-02-16

1. Yaneva, A., Rabesandratana, T., Greiner, B. Staging Scientific Controversies: a Gallery Test on Science Museums’ Interactivity, Public Understanding of Science 2009, 18(1): [79-90](http://pus.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/0963662507077512v1).

1. ["Research and innovation - European Commission"](https://commission.europa.eu/research-and-innovation_en). *commission.europa.eu*. Retrieved 2025-06-24.

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Mapping controversies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapping_controversies) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapping_controversies?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.