# Mao Qiling

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{{Short description|Chinese scholar and philologist (1623–1716)}}
{{family name hatnote|[Mao (毛)](/source/Mao_(surname))|lang=Chinese}}
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'''Mao Qiling''' ({{zh|t=毛奇齡|s=毛奇龄|p=Máo Qílíng|w=Mao Ch'i-ling}}; 1623–1716) was a Chinese scholar and [philologist](/source/philology) of the early [Qing dynasty](/source/Qing_dynasty). A native of [Xiaoshan](/source/Xiaoshan) in [Zhejiang](/source/Zhejiang) province, he became a [licentiate](/source/Imperial_examination) at the age of fifteen ''[sui](/source/East_Asian_age_reckoning)''.{{sfn|Tu|1943|p=563}} After the fall of the [Ming dynasty](/source/Ming_dynasty) in 1644, he refused to serve the [Qing](/source/Qing_dynasty). In 1679, however, he took part in and passed a special honorary examination held by the [Kangxi Emperor](/source/Kangxi_Emperor) to attract scholars who had not yet announced their allegiance to the new dynasty.{{sfn|Tu|1943|p=563}} He was then appointed to the compilation of the official ''[History of Ming](/source/History_of_Ming)''.{{sfn|Tu|1943|p=563}} After retiring from office in 1687, he went to live in [Hangzhou](/source/Hangzhou) (Zhejiang), where he taught many disciples.{{sfn|Tu|1943|p=563}}

A scholar of wide learning, Mao compiled works on the [Confucian Classics](/source/Confucian_Classics) and on [phonetics](/source/phonetics), [music](/source/music), [history](/source/history), and [geography](/source/geography).{{sfn|Tu|1943|p=564}} After Mao's death his writings were collected and published as an eighty-volume work, ''The Collected Works of Xihe'' ("Xihe" was a popular pseudonym of Mao's).{{sfn|Legge|1893|p=20}} He was famous for vehemently opposing the orthodox commentaries on the Classics by [Song](/source/Song_Dynasty)-dynasty [Neo-Confucians](/source/Neo-Confucianism) like [Zhu Xi](/source/Zhu_Xi).{{sfnm|Wang|2008|1p=107|Elman|2001|2p=89}} He also unsuccessfully attacked [Yan Ruoju](/source/Yan_Ruoju)'s demonstration that the [Old Text](/source/Old_Texts) chapters of the [Book of Documents](/source/Book_of_Documents) (one of the [Five Classics](/source/Five_Classics)) were [Han-dynasty](/source/Han_dynasty) forgeries.{{sfnm|Elman|2001|1pp=237–9|Tu|1943|2p=564}}

In the ''Shang shu guangting fu'' (Record of a broad understanding of the documents), Mao presented criticism of the earlier association between the early nonary cosmographic schemes and the [Luoshu](/source/Luoshu).{{sfn|Henderson|1995|p=224}}

==Notes==
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==Bibliography==
{{refbegin}}
*{{citation|last=Elman|first=Benjamin A.|title=From Philosophy to Philology: Intellectual and Social Aspects of Change in Late Imperial China|year=2001|publisher=UCLA Asian Pacific Monograph Series|location=Los Angeles|isbn=1-883191-05-X}}.
*{{citation|last=Henderson|first=John B.|year=1995|chapter=Chinese Cosmographical Thought: The High Intellectual Tradition|title=History of Cartography, Volume Two, Book Two, Cartography in the Traditional East and Southeast Asian Societies|pages=203–27|editor=J. B. Harley |editor2=David Woodward}}.
*{{citation|last=Legge|first=James|year=1893|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QUCZEPUyvBAC|chapter=Prolegomena|editor-last=James Legge (transl.)|title=The Confucian Analects, The Great Learning & The Doctrine of the Mean|location=Reprint: New York, NY|publisher=Cosimo, 2009|isbn=978-1-60520-644-8}}.
*{{cite ECCP|last=Tu|first=Lien-chê|title=Mao Ch'i-ling|pages=563–564|{{SfnRef|last=Tu|year=1943}}}}
*{{citation|last=Wang|first=Hui|title=Translating Chinese Classics in a Colonial Context|year=2008|publisher=Peter Lang|location=Bern|isbn=978-3-03911-631-7}}.
{{refend}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Mao, Qiling}}
Category:17th-century Chinese scholars
Category:Chinese Confucianists
Category:Qing dynasty philosophers
Category:1623 births
Category:1716 deaths
Category:Qing dynasty writers
Category:Writers from Hangzhou
Category:Philosophers from Zhejiang

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