# Manufacturing Automation Protocol

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{{Short description|Set of computer network communication protocols}}
'''Manufacturing Automation Protocol''' ('''MAP''') was a [computer network](/source/computer_network) standard released in 1982 for interconnection of devices from multiple manufacturers. It was developed by [General Motors](/source/General_Motors) to combat the proliferation of incompatible communications standards used by suppliers of [automation](/source/automation) products such as [programmable controllers](/source/programmable_logic_controller).<ref name=JDIrwin>J. David Irwin ''The industrial electronics handbook'', CRC Press, 1997 {{ISBN|0-8493-8343-9}}, 
 Chapter 19</ref> By 1985 demonstrations of interoperability were carried out and 21 vendors offered MAP products.  In 1986 the [Boeing](/source/Boeing) corporation merged its ''Technical Office Protocol'' with the MAP standard, and the combined standard was referred to as "MAP/TOP".  The standard was revised several times between the first issue in 1982 and MAP 3.0 in 1987, with significant technical changes that made interoperation between different revisions of the standard difficult.

Although promoted and used by manufacturers such as General Motors, Boeing, and others, it lost market share to the contemporary [Ethernet](/source/Ethernet) standard and was not widely adopted. Difficulties included changing protocol specifications, the expense of MAP interface links, and the speed penalty of a token-passing network.<ref name=Laughton>M. A. Laughton and D. J. Warne ''Electrical Engineers Reference Book 16th Edition'', Newnes, London 2003 {{ISBN|0-7506-4637-3}}, Chapter 16 "Programmable Controllers" page 44</ref>  The [token bus network](/source/token_bus_network) protocol used by MAP became standardized as IEEE standard 802.4 but this committee disbanded in 2004 due to lack of industry attention.

==References==
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Category:Industrial automation
Category:Computer networks

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Manufacturing Automation Protocol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturing_Automation_Protocol) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturing_Automation_Protocol?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.