# Mannque Rho

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**Mannque Rho** (Korean: 노만규; born December 14, 1936) is a South Korean-French [theoretical physicist](/source/Theoretical_physicist). He has contributed to theoretical nuclear/hadron physics and suggested [Brown-Rho Scaling](/source/Brown-Rho_Scaling) with [Gerald E. Brown](/source/Gerald_E._Brown) which predicts how the masses of the [hadrons](/source/Hadrons) disappear in hot and dense environments.

## Birth and education

Mannque Rho was born in [Hamyang](/source/Hamyang), [Gyeongsangnam-do](/source/Gyeongsangnam-do), [Korea](/source/Korea) in 1936. He graduated from [Kyunggi High School](/source/Kyunggi_High_School) and started his college study at the political science department of [Seoul National University](/source/Seoul_National_University). After that he moved to the [United States](/source/United_States) and entered [Clark University](/source/Clark_University). At first he registered for the pre-med study but later changed his major to chemistry and received his bachelor's degree in 1960. During his college studies, he attended some lectures about the structure of nuclei by [Ben Roy Mottelson](/source/Ben_Roy_Mottelson) and [Niels Bohr](/source/Niels_Bohr) who were visiting the university at that time.[1] He was affected by them and this led him to study hadron physics. He received his [Ph.D.](/source/Ph.D.) in [nuclear physics](/source/Nuclear_physics) from [University of California, Berkeley](/source/University_of_California,_Berkeley) in 1965. Next year he visited [CEA Saclay](/source/Commissariat_%C3%A0_l'%C3%A9nergie_atomique), France and met his future wife (German) and decided to settle down in France.[2] He became a professor of the institute and has been there ever since.

Rho was a visiting scholar at the [European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)](/source/CERN) in [Geneva](/source/Geneva), Switzerland, in 1969/70.[3]

He held many inviting positions and has been a visiting professor four times at [State University of New York at Stony Brook](/source/State_University_of_New_York_at_Stony_Brook) during 1973 to 1989. He was a professor in School of Physics at [Korea Institute for Advanced Study](/source/Korea_Institute_for_Advanced_Study) from 2002 to 2003. Rho receive an honorary [Doctor of Science](/source/Doctor_of_Science) from his [alma mater](/source/Alma_mater) Clark University in 2003. Currently, he is a research professor of theoretical physics, 'Expert Senior du CEA' and scientific counselor at [CEA Saclay](/source/Commissariat_%C3%A0_l'%C3%A9nergie_atomique), France and also a chair professor of [Hanyang University](/source/Hanyang_University), South Korea from 2009.[2]

## Research

Rho is known for his works on the properties of hadrons in normal as well as extreme environments present in heavy nuclei, relativistic heavy-ion collisions and compact stars. In the early 1970s he started to study the [chiral symmetry](/source/Chiral_symmetry) of [Quantum Chromodynamics](/source/Quantum_Chromodynamics) in nuclear medium. QCD was poorly understood at that time and he explained how chiral symmetry appears in nuclear structure. In 1979 he and [Gerald E. Brown](/source/Gerald_E._Brown) implemented chiral symmetry in an effective theory of the [nucleon](/source/Nucleon) in the form of chiral bag model according to which quarks exist freely in a bag surrounded by a [pion](/source/Pion) cloud.[4] In 1991 Rho and Brown derived a scaling property of hadrons in hot and dense medium, now known as [Brown-Rho scaling](/source/Brown-Rho_scaling)[5] which predicted how the masses of the hadrons disappear in hot ([early universe](/source/Early_universe)) and dense ([neutron star](/source/Neutron_star)) environments.

The BR scaling has been tested experimentally in several electro-weak processes involving heavy nuclei. It has explained the [CERN](/source/CERN) [heavy-ion](/source/Heavy-ion) experiments on [dilepton](/source/Dilepton) production and is expected to explain some features from the experiments at [RHIC](/source/RHIC). For the astro-hadron physics, it has possibilities to explain the [supernovae](/source/Supernovae) explosions and the structure of [compact stars](/source/Compact_stars). Rho is currently working on superdense hadronic QCD properties and astro-hadron physics.

## References

1. ["ko:화제의 물리학자: 노만규"](https://web.archive.org/web/20110722141948/http://www.kps.or.kr/~pht/11-6/020659.htm) [The Physicist in the News: Roh Mannque] (in Korean). *Physics & High Technology*. [Korean Physical Society](/source/Korean_Physical_Society). June 2002. Archived from [the original](http://www.kps.or.kr/~pht/11-6/020659.htm) on 2011-07-22.

1. ["ko:한양대 석좌교수된 물리학자 노만규"](https://web.archive.org/web/20110823052711/http://news.dongascience.com/HTML/News/2004/03/24/20040324200000000002/200403242000000000020102000000.html) [Physicist Roh Mannque became chair professor of Hanyang University] (in Korean). *The Science*. www.dongascience.com. 2004-03-24. Archived from [the original](http://news.dongascience.com/HTML/News/2004/03/24/20040324200000000002/200403242000000000020102000000.html) on 2011-08-23. Retrieved 2010-01-07.

1. ["대한민국 학술 원상"](https://web.archive.org/web/20210921172821/http://www.nas.go.kr/business/prize/view.jsp?NP_Code=10000057&NP_DataCode=20000021&NSB_Code=10000004&searchKey=NSB_BOOK&searchVal=&pg=5) [Korean Academic Background] (in korean). Archived from [the original](http://www.nas.go.kr/business/prize/view.jsp?NP_Code=10000057&NP_DataCode=20000021&NSB_Code=10000004&searchKey=NSB_BOOK&searchVal=&pg=5) on 2021-09-21. Retrieved 2019-07-15.

1. [Gerald E. Brown](/source/Gerald_E._Brown), Mannque Rho (1979). "The little bag". *Phys. Lett. B*. **82** (2): 177–180. [Bibcode:1979PhLB...82..177B](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1979PhLB...82..177B). [doi:10.1016/0370-2693(79)90729-9](https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(79)90729-9)

1. [Gerald E. Brown](/source/Gerald_E._Brown), Mannque Rho (1991). "Scaling effective Lagrangians in a dense medium". *Phys. Rev. Lett.*. **66** (21): 2720–2723. [Bibcode:1991PhRvL..66.2720B](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1991PhRvL..66.2720B). [doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.66.2720](https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.66.2720). [PMID 10043599](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10043599)

## External links

- [Publications](http://www.arxiv.org/find/hep-th/1/au:+Rho_Mannque/0/1/0/all/0/1) on the [arXiv](/source/ArXiv)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Mannque Rho](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mannque_Rho) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mannque_Rho?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.