# Mangarayi

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Indigenous Australian people of the Northern Territory

This article is about indigenous Australian people. For an ethnic group in Indonesia, see [Manggarai](/source/Manggarai).

The **Mangarayi**, also written Mangarai, were an [Indigenous Australian](/source/Indigenous_Australian) people of the [Northern Territory](/source/Northern_Territory).

## Language

[Mangarayi](/source/Mangarayi_language) is thought to be one of the [Gunwingguan languages](/source/Gunwingguan_languages).[1] Francesca Merlan published a grammar of the language in 1982, one that is notable also for the difficulty it presents for determining whether it is a [tensed or non-tensed language](/source/Grammatical_tense).[2] The linguist Margaret Sharpe was deterred from pursuing more intensive studies of Mangarayi by a station owner who grew annoyed with the presence of metropolitan anthropologists and linguists coming to study the indigenous people on his cattle run.[3]

## Country

The Mangarayi held sway over an estimated 4,500 square miles (12,000 km2) of land on the middle and upper courses of [Roper River](/source/Roper_River) as far as Mount Lindsay. Their traditional grounds took in east of [Mataranka](/source/Mataranka%2C_Northern_Territory) and [Maranboy](/source/Maranboy), Mount Emily, [Elsey](/source/Elsey_Station), and [Beswick](/source/Barunga%2C_Northern_Territory). The north-eastern frontier lay around Mount Elsie.[4]

## History

Some Mangarayi were thought to have been implicated in the murder of a telegraph worker from [Daly Waters](/source/Daly_Waters%2C_Northern_Territory) that took place on 30 June 1875. A large party of police and vigilantes set out to exact a thorough revenge by slaughtering large numbers of the Mangarayi and people of other tribes along the length of the Roper River in August of that year.[5]

## Alternative names

- *Mangarei, Manggarai*

- *Mungarai*

- *Mungerry*

- *Walooka* (?)

Source: [Tindale 1974](#CITEREFTindale1974), p. 227

## Notes

### Citations

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrimes2003119_1-0)** [Grimes 2003](#CITEREFGrimes2003), p. 119.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWetzer1996297_2-0)** [Wetzer 1996](#CITEREFWetzer1996), p. 297.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharpe200861,_n.2_3-0)** [Sharpe 2008](#CITEREFSharpe2008), p. 61, n.2.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETindale1974227_4-0)** [Tindale 1974](#CITEREFTindale1974), p. 227.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts2009_5-0)** [Roberts 2009](#CITEREFRoberts2009).

## Sources

- Grimes, Barbara Dix (2003). ["Gunwingguan languages"](https://books.google.com/books?id=sl_dDVctycgC&pg=RA1-PA119). In Frawley, William (ed.). *International Encyclopedia of Linguistics: AAVE-Esperanto*. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press. pp. 119–120. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-195-13977-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-195-13977-8).

- [Lowre, James](/source/Edward_Micklethwaite_Curr) (1886). ["Roper River Tribe"](https://archive.org/download/australianracei01currgoog/australianracei01currgoog.pdf) (PDF). In [Curr, Edward Micklethwaite](/source/Edward_Micklethwaite_Curr) (ed.). *The Australian race: its origin, languages, customs, place of landing in Australia and the routes by which it spread itself over the continent*. Vol. 1. Melbourne: J. Ferres. pp. 276–278.

- [Mathews, R. H.](/source/Robert_Hamilton_Mathews) (1900). ["Marriage and descent among the Australian aborigines"](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41821566). *[Journal of the Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales](/source/Royal_Society_of_New_South_Wales)*. **34**. Sydney: 120–135. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.5962/p.359341](https://doi.org/10.5962%2Fp.359341). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [259735456](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:259735456).

- Roberts, Tony (November 2009). ["The brutal truth: What happened in the gulf country"](https://www.themonthly.com.au/issue/2009/november/1330478364/tony-roberts/brutal-truth). *[The Monthly](/source/The_Monthly)*.

- Sharpe, Margaret (2008). ["Alawa And its neighbours: Enigma Variations 1 and 2"](https://books.google.com/books?id=NaY5AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA62). In [Bowern, Claire](/source/Claire_Bowern); Evans, Bethwyn; Miceli, Luisa (eds.). *Morphology and Language History: In honour of Harold Koch*. [John Benjamins Publishing](/source/John_Benjamins_Publishing). pp. 59–70. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-3-110-27977-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-110-27977-1).

- [Spencer, Baldwin](/source/Walter_Baldwin_Spencer) (1914). [*Native tribes of the Northern Territory of Australia*](https://archive.org/download/cu31924028623076/cu31924028623076.pdf) (PDF). London: [Macmillan Publishers](/source/Macmillan_Publishers).

- [Tindale, Norman Barnett](/source/Norman_Tindale) (1974). ["Mangarai (NT)"](https://web.archive.org/web/20200320020206/http://archives.samuseum.sa.gov.au/tindaletribes/mangarai.htm). *Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names*. [Australian National University](/source/Australian_National_University). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-708-10741-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-708-10741-6). Archived from [the original](http://archives.samuseum.sa.gov.au/tindaletribes/mangarai.htm) on 20 March 2020.

- Wetzer, Harrie (1996). [*The Typology of Adjectival Predication*](https://books.google.com/books?id=ORUUwhdDPpUC&pg=PA297). [Walter de Gruyter](/source/Walter_de_Gruyter). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-3-110-14989-0](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-110-14989-0).

v t e Aboriginal peoples in the Northern Territory Peoples Airiman Alawa Alura Alyawarre Amarak Amijangal Andakerebina Anindilyakwa Anmatyerre Arrernte Awarai Awinmul Beriguruk Bilingara Binbinga Bingongina Bininj Burarra Dagoman Daii Dalabon Dangu Dhuwal Dhuwala Djalakuru Djaŋu Djerait Djerimanga Djinang Djinba Djowei Doolboong Emmiyangal Gaagudju Gaari Gadjerong Gambalang Garrwa/Karawa Giimbiyu Gudanji Gungorogone Gunindiri Gurindji Iwaidja Jaako Jamindjung Jawoyn Jingili Karrangpurru Kaytetye Kukatja Kunapa Kungarakan Kunibidji Kunwinjku Kwarandji Larrakia Madngella Makarrwanhalmirr Mangarayi Mantjintjarra Ngalia Mariamo Maridan Maridjabin Marimanindji Marinunggo Marijedi Mariu Marra Marranunggu Marrithiyal Mati Ke Matuntara Maung Menhdheyangal Mudburra Mulluk-Mulluk Muringura Murrinh-Patha Nagara Nanggikorongo Nangiomeri Ngaanyatjarra Ngalakgan Ngalia Ngaliwurru Ngandi Ngardok Ngarinman Ngarnka Ngarti Ngolokwangga Ngormbur Norweilemil Nungali Nunggubuyu Oitbi Perrakee? Pintupi Pitjantjatjara Pongaponga Puneitja Rembarrnga Ritharngu/Diakui Tiwi Tjial Waanyi Wadere Wadjiginy Wagoman Wakaya Walu Wambaya Wandjira Wardaman Warlmanpa Warlpiri Warndarang Warumungu Watta Wilingura Wongkamala Wulwulam Wurango Yangman Yan-nhaŋu/Nango Yanyuwa Yaroinga Yindjilandji Yolngu Yukul Yumu Yunggor Communities Ali Curung Alice Springs town camps Alpurrurulam Angurugu Anmatjere Aputula Areyonga Arltarlpilta Bagot Baniyala Barunga Bickerton Island Binjari Borroloola Bulman Canteen Creek Daly River Elcho Island Engawala Gapuwiyak Gove Peninsula Gunbalanya Haasts Bluff Hermannsburg Imanpa Jay Creek Jilkminggan Kalkarindji Kaltukatjara Kintore Lajamanu Ltyentye Apurte Maningrida Milikapiti Milingimbi Island Minjilang Minyerri Mirrngadja Mount Liebig Mutitjulu Nauiyu Nambiyu Nganmarriyanga Ngukurr Numbulwar Nyirripi Papunya Peppimenarti Pirlangimpi Ramingining Tara Titjikala Tjunti Umbakumba Utopia Wadeye Wallace Rockhole Warruwi Warumunga Wilora Wugularr Wurrumiyanga Wutungurra Yarralin Yirrkala Yuendumu Land councils Anindilyakwa Central Northern Tiwi Religion and culture Dreamtime (muda, mura-mura, tjukurrpa, etc.) Garkain Mimi Yawkyawk Indigenous protected areas: Angas Downs Anindilyakwa Crocodile Islands Maringa Dhimurru Djelk Ganalanga-Mindibirrina Katiti Petermann Laynhapuy Marri-Jabin Marthakal Northern Tanami Southern Tanami By state or territory New South Wales Northern Territory Queensland South Australia Tasmania Victoria Western Australia

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Mangarayi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangarayi) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangarayi?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.