# Manganvesuvianite

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{{Infobox mineral
| name        = Manganvesuvianite
| category    = [Sorosilicates](/source/Sorosilicates)
| boxwidth    = 
| boxbgcolor  = 
| image       = Manganvesuvianite-122296.jpg
| imagesize   = 
| caption     = Manganvesuvianite from Wessels Mine, [Northern Cape Province](/source/Northern_Cape_Province), South Africa (4.2 x 3.9 x 3.3 cm)
| formula     = {{chem2|Ca19Mn(3+)(Al,Mn(3+),Fe(3+))10(Mg,Mn(2+))2(Si2O7)4(SiO4)10O(OH)9}}
| IMAsymbol   = Mnves<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Warr|first=L.N.|date=2021|title=IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols|journal=Mineralogical Magazine|volume=85|issue=3|pages=291–320|doi=10.1180/mgm.2021.43|bibcode=2021MinM...85..291W|s2cid=235729616|doi-access=free}}</ref>
| molweight   = 
| strunz      = 9.BG.35
| dana        = 58.02.04.04<ref name=webmineral>{{cite web |title=Manganvesuvianite |url=http://webmineral.com/data/Manganvesuvianite.shtml |publisher=Webmineral |accessdate=July 22, 2012}}</ref>
| system      = [Tetragonal](/source/Tetragonal)
| class       = Dipyramidal (4/m) <br/><small>(same [H-M symbol](/source/H-M_symbol))</small>
| symmetry    = ''P4/n''
| unit cell   = a = 15.575&nbsp;Å, c = 11.824&nbsp;Å, Z&nbsp;=&nbsp;2
| color       = Deep red-brown, red, nearly black
| habit       = 
| twinning    = 
| cleavage    = None observed
| fracture    = Conchoidal
| tenacity    = 
| mohs        = 6 to 7
| luster      = Vitreous
| polish      = 
| refractive  = n<sub>ω</sub> = 1.735, n<sub>ε</sub> = 1.724
| opticalprop = Uniaxial (-)
| birefringence = δ = 0.012
| 2V          = 
| dispersion  = 
| pleochroism = Strong
| fluorescence= 
| absorption  =
| streak      = White
| gravity     = 
| density     = 
| melt        = 
| fusibility  = 
| diagnostic  = 
| solubility  = 
| diaphaneity = Transparent, translucent, opaque
| other       = 
| references  =<ref name=mindat>{{cite web|title=Manganvesuvianite|url=http://www.mindat.org/min-11475.html|publisher=Mindat|accessdate=July 22, 2012}}</ref>
}}
'''Manganvesuvianite''' is a rare mineral with formula {{chem2|Ca19Mn(3+)(Al,Mn(3+),Fe(3+))10(Mg,Mn(2+))2(Si2O7)4(SiO4)10O(OH)9}}. The mineral is red to nearly black in color. Discovered in South Africa and described in 2002, it was so named for the prevalence of [manganese](/source/manganese) in its composition and its relation to [vesuvianite](/source/vesuvianite).

==Occurrence and formation==
Manganvesuvianite crystals occur as long prisms up to {{convert|1.5|cm|in|abbr=on}}.<ref name=A2002_138>Armbruster 2002, p. 138.</ref> Small crystals are transparent and red to lilac in color; large crystals are opaque and nearly black in color with dark-red internal reflections.<ref name=A2002_138_139>Armbruster 2002, pp. 138–9.</ref> Strongly zoned crystals less than {{convert|0.2|mm|in|abbr=on}} in size constitute rock-forming manganvesuvianite.<ref name=A2002_139>Armbruster 2002, p. 139.</ref>

{{As of|2012}}, manganvesuvianite has been found at two locations in South Africa.<ref name=mindat/> It formed at temperatures of {{convert|250|to|400|C|F}} by the [hydrothermal alteration](/source/hydrothermal_alteration) of sedimentary and metamorphic manganese ores. Crystallization occurred in [fault](/source/Fault_(geology)) planes and [lenticular](/source/Lenticular_(geology)) bodies in the ore bed or by filling [veins](/source/Vein_(geology)) and [vug](/source/vug)s.<ref name=A2002_137/> Manganvesuvianite has been found in association with [calcite](/source/calcite), manganese-poor [grossular](/source/grossular), hydrogrossular-[henritermierite](/source/henritermierite), [mozartite](/source/mozartite), [serandite](/source/serandite)-[pectolite](/source/pectolite), [strontiopiemontite](/source/strontiopiemontite)-[tweddillite](/source/tweddillite), and [xonotlite](/source/xonotlite).<ref name=A2002_139_140>Armbruster 2002, pp. 139–40.</ref>

Manganvesuvianite is a member of the [vesuvianite group](/source/vesuvianite_group) and is the [manganese](/source/manganese) analogue of vesuvianite.<ref name=mindat/>

==History==
In 1883, [Arnold von Lasaulx](/source/Arnold_von_Lasaulx) made the first detailed description of vesuvianite containing up to 3.2 [wt%](/source/wt%25) [MnO](/source/MnO) from [Lower Silesia](/source/Lower_Silesia) in Poland.<ref name=A2000_571>Armbruster 2000, p. 571.</ref> Studies in the 1980s and 1990s revealed that the vesuvianite group was more complex than previously assumed, necessitating the definition of new minerals.<ref name=A2002_138/> In 2000, vesuvianite was found containing up to 14.3 wt% MnO from the Kalahari manganese fields of [Northern Cape Province](/source/Northern_Cape_Province), South Africa.<ref name=A2000_570>Armbruster 2000, p. 570.</ref> Manganvesuvianite proper was discovered in the Wessels ({{coord|27|6|56.43|S|22|51|27.87|E|type:landmark_scale:1000_region:ZA}}) and N'Chwaning (shaft II; {{coord|27|8|6.84|S|22|51|55.99|E|type:landmark_scale:1000_region:ZA}}) mines of the Kalahari manganese fields<ref name=mindat/> and described in 2002 in the journal ''Mineralogical Magazine''.<ref name=A2002_137/> It was named ''manganvesuvianite'' for the significant manganese in its formula and its relation to vesuvianite.<ref name=mindat/> The mineral and name were approved by the [IMA](/source/International_Mineralogical_Association) Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names (IMA 2000-40).<ref name=mindat/><ref name=A2002_137>Armbruster 2002, p. 137.</ref> The [type specimen](/source/Type_specimen_(mineralogy)) from the N'Chwaning II Mine is held at the [Natural History Museum of Bern](/source/Natural_History_Museum_of_Bern) in Switzerland.<ref name=A2002_140>Armbruster 2002, p. 140.</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

;Bibliography
*{{cite journal|last1=Armbruster|first1=Thomas|last2=Gnos|first2=Edwin|title=Tetrahedral vacancies and cation ordering in low-temperature Mn-bearing vesuvianites: Indication of a hydrogarnet-like substitution|journal=American Mineralogist|date=March–April 2000|volume=85|issue=3 & 4|pages=570–577|doi=10.2138/am-2000-0419|bibcode=2000AmMin..85..570A|s2cid=53359206|url=http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/am/vol85/AM85_570.pdf}}
*{{cite journal|last1=Armbruster |first1=T.|last2=Gnos|first2=E.|last3=Dixon|first3=R.|last4=Gutzmer|first4=J. |last5=Hejny|first5=C.|last6=Döbelin|first6=N. |last7=Medenbach|first7=O.|title=Manganvesuvianite and tweddillite, two new Mn<sup>3+</sup>-silicate minerals from the Kalahari manganese fields, South Africa|journal=Mineralogical Magazine|date=February 2002|volume=66|issue=1|pages=137–150|doi=10.1180/0026461026610018|bibcode=2002MinM...66..137A|s2cid=59474881|url=http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/mm/vol66/MM66_137.pdf}}

==External links==
{{commonscat-inline|Manganvesuvianite|lcfirst=yes}}

Category:Tetragonal minerals
Category:Minerals in space group 85
Category:Calcium minerals
Category:Manganese(II,III) minerals
Category:Aluminium minerals
Category:Iron(III) minerals
Category:Magnesium minerals
Category:Sorosilicates
Category:Hydroxide minerals

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Manganvesuvianite](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganvesuvianite) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganvesuvianite?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.