# Mangala Fossa > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Mangala_Fossa > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Mangala_Fossa.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangala_Fossa > Source revision: 1325638691 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) Geological depression on Mars Mangala Fossa Mangala Fossa and Mangala Valles (THEMIS image) Coordinates 11°36′S 151°00′W / 11.6°S 151.0°W / -11.6; -151.0 Length 828.0 km **Mangala Fossa** is a [graben](/source/Graben) in the [Memnonia quadrangle](/source/Memnonia_quadrangle) of [Mars](/source/Mars), located near [11°36′S 151°00′W / 11.6°S 151.0°W / -11.6; -151.0](https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mangala_Fossa¶ms=11.6_S_151.0_W_globe:mars), which originated in the [Hesperian and Amazonian epochs](/source/Martian_geologic_timescale). The graben is located at the head of the [outflow channel](/source/Outflow_channel) [Mangala Valles](/source/Mangala_Valles), which is thought to have been formed by at least two catastrophic flood events during the same geological period, leading to the release of vast quantities of water from Mangala Fossa onto the Martian surface. The flooding was probably initiated by the emplacement of a dike radiating from the volcano [Arsia Mons](/source/Arsia_Mons), resulting in the formation of the graben, Mangala Fossa, at the channels' head. This dike breached a pressurized [aquifer](/source/Aquifer) trapped beneath a thick "[cryosphere](/source/Cryosphere)" (layer of frozen ground) beneath the surface. As the floor of the graben subsided, water found its way up one or both of the faults in the crust that defined the edges of the graben and spilled into the depression, eventually filling it and overflowing at the lowest point on the rim to erode the Mangala Valles channels.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] "[Mangala](/source/Mangala)" is the name for [Mars](/source/Mars) in [Jyotish (or Hindu) astrology](/source/Hindu_astrology). ## Gallery Mangala Fossa and Mangala Valles ([USGS](/source/USGS) maps) Context Close-up [Topographic maps](/source/Topographic_map) ([MOLA](/source/Mars_Orbiter_Laser_Altimeter)) – [Memnonia region](/source/Memnonia_quadrangle) of [Mars](/source/Mars) (left), and a close-up (right) of the location of Mangala Fossa and the source of the [Mangala Valles](/source/Mangala_Valles) [outflow channel](/source/Outflow_channel) - Mangala Fossa and Mangala Valles ([THEMIS](/source/Thermal_Emission_Imaging_System)) - Graben in Memnonia Fossae – possible result of magmatic dikes, rather than regional tectonic stretching as seen by [HiRISE](/source/HiRISE) - Mangala Valles - head region (THEMIS) ## See also Wikimedia Commons has media related to [Mangala Fossa](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mangala_Fossa). - [Outburst flood](/source/Outburst_flood) - [Outflow channels](/source/Outflow_channels) ## Further reading - Leask, H. J., L. Wilson, and K. L. Mitchell (2006), [Formation of Ravi Vallis outflow channel, Mars: Morphological development, water discharge, and duration estimates](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2005JE002550/pdf), [J. Geophys. Res.](/source/J._Geophys._Res.), 111, E08070, doi:10.1029/2005JE002550. - Wilson, L.; Head, J.W.; Leask, H.J.; Ghatan, G.; Mitchell, K.L. (2004), [Factors Controlling Water Volumes and Release Rates in Martian Outflow Channels](https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2004/pdf/1151.pdf), [Lunar and Planetary Science](/source/Lunar_and_Planetary_Science) XXXV (2004). ## References 1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** ["Mars Channels and Valleys"](https://www.msss.com/http/ps/channels/channels.html). Msss.com. Retrieved 13 January 2015. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-Carr2006_2-0)** Michael H. Carr (2006). [*The surface of Mars*](https://books.google.com/books?id=uLHlJ6sjohwC). [Cambridge University Press](/source/Cambridge_University_Press). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-521-87201-0](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-87201-0). Retrieved 21 March 2011. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** Carr, M. 1979. Formation of martian flood features by release of water from confined aquifers. Journal of Geophysical Research 84: 2995-3007. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Hanna, J. and R. Phillips. 2005. Tectonic pressurization of aquifers in the formation of Mangala and Athabasca Valles on Mars. LPSC XXXVI. Abstract 2261. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-LPS-2004_5-0)** Ghatan, Gil J.; Head, James W.; Wilson, L.; Leask, H.J. (2004). ["Mangala Valles, Mars: Investigations of the Source of Flood Water and Early Stages of Flooding - Lunar and Planetary Science XXXV (2004)"](https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2004/pdf/1147.pdf) (PDF). *[Lunar and Planetary Institute](/source/Lunar_and_Planetary_Institute)*. Retrieved 6 December 2015. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-JGR-20070224_6-0)** Leask, Harald J.; Wilson, Lionel; Mitchell, Karl L. (24 February 2007). ["Formation of Mangala Fossa, the source of the Mangala Valles, Mars: Morphological development as a result of volcano-cryosphere interactions"](https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/31116/1/2005JE002644.pdf) (PDF). *[Journal of Geophysical Research](/source/Journal_of_Geophysical_Research)*. **112** (E02011): E02011. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2007JGRE..112.2011L](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007JGRE..112.2011L). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1029/2005JE002644](https://doi.org/10.1029%2F2005JE002644). 1. **[^](#cite_ref-JGR-20070804_7-0)** Leask, Harald J.; Wilson, Lionel; Mitchell, Karl L. (4 August 2007). ["Formation of Mangala Valles outflow channel, Mars: Morphological development and water discharge and duration estimates"](https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/31123/1/2006JE002851.pdf) (PDF). *[Journal of Geophysical Research](/source/Journal_of_Geophysical_Research)*. **112** (E08003): E08003. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2007JGRE..112.8003L](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007JGRE..112.8003L). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1029/2006JE002851](https://doi.org/10.1029%2F2006JE002851). ## External links - [Lunar and Planetary Institute](https://www.lpi.usra.edu) v t e Geography and geology of Mars Cartography Regions Abalos Undae Aspledon Undae Arabia Terra Cerberus Cydonia Eridania Lake Hyperboreae Undae Ogygis Undae Olympia Undae Planum Australe Planum Boreum Quadrangles Sinus Meridiani Siton Undae Tempe Terra Terra Cimmeria Terra Sabaea Tharsis Vastitas Borealis Quadrangles Aeolis Amazonis Amenthes Arabia Arcadia Argyre Casius Cebrenia Coprates Diacria Elysium Eridania Hellas Iapygia Ismenius Lacus Lunae Palus Mare Acidalium Mare Australe (South Pole) Mare Boreum (North Pole) Mare Tyrrhenum Margaritifer Sinus Memnonia Noachis Oxia Palus Phaethontis Phoenicis Lacus Sinus Sabaeus Syrtis Major Tharsis Thaumasia Geology Surface features Brain terrain Carbonates Chaos terrain Color Composition Concentric crater fill Dark slope streak Dichotomy Dune fields Hagal Nili Patera Fretted terrain Geysers Glaciers Groundwater Gullies Inverted relief Lakes Lava tubes Lineated valley fill (LVF) Lobate debris apron North Polar Basin Ocean hypothesis Ore resources Outflow channels Polar caps Ring mold craters Rootless cones Scalloped topography Seasonal flows Soil Spherules Surface Swiss cheese features Terrain softening Tholus Upper plains unit Valley networks Water discovery chronology Yardangs History Amazonian Hesperian Noachian Volcanology Observation history Canals (list) Classical albedo features Rocks observed Curiosity rover Bathurst Inlet Coronation Goulburn Hottah Jake Matijevic Link Rocknest Rocknest 3 Tintina Opportunity rover Bounce El Capitan Last Chance Sojourner rover Barnacle Bill Yogi Spirit rover Adirondack Home Plate Mimi Pot of Gold Viking Big Joe Other Face Monolith Meteorites found on Mars Block Island Heat Shield Mackinac Island Meridiani Planum Oileán Ruaidh Shelter Island Martian meteorites found on Earth Balsaltic Breccia Chassignites Nakhlites Shergottites Other List Topography Mountains, volcanoes (list by height) Acidalia Colles Alba Mons Anseris Mons Apollinaris Mons Ariadnes Colles Astapus Colles Ausonia Montes Avernus Colles Biblis Tholus Centauri Montes Charitum Montes Echus Montes Elysium Elysium Mons Albor Tholus Hecates Tholus Erebus Montes Galaxius Mons Hadriacus Mons Hellas Montes Jovis Tholus Libya Montes Mount Sharp Nereidum Montes Olympus Mons Phlegra Montes Syrtis Major Planum Tartarus Colles Tartarus Montes Tharsis Montes Ascraeus Pavonis Arsia Tharsis Tholus Tyrrhenus Mons Ulysses Tholus Uranius group Uranius Mons Ceraunius Tholus Uranius Tholus Plains, plateaus Acidalia Planitia Aeolis Palus Amazonis Planitia Arcadia Planitia Argentea Planum Argyre Planitia Chryse Planitia Daedalia Planum Elysium Planitia Eridania Planitia Hellas Planitia Hesperia Planum Icaria Planum Isidis Planitia Lunae Planum Meridiani Planum Oxia Planum Planum Australe Planum Boreum Syria Planum Syrtis Major Planum Utopia Planitia Eden Patera Orcus Patera Peneus Patera Pityusa Patera Siloe Patera Canyons, valleys Aram Chaos Arsia Chasmata Aromatum Chaos Atlantis Chaos Aureum Chaos Candor Chasma Chasma Boreale Coprates Chasma Echus Chasma Eos Chaos Eos Chasma Galaxias Chaos Ganges Chasma Gorgonum Chaos Hebes Chasma Hydaspis Chaos Hydraotes Chaos Iani Chaos Ister Chaos Ius Chasma Juventae Chasma Melas Chasma Ophir Chasma Tithonium Chasma List of valles Apsus Ares Arnus Asopus Athabasca Auqakuh Bahram Buvinda Dao Enipeus Frento Granicus Green Valley Harmakhis Hebrus Her Desher Hrad Huo Hsing Hypanis Iberus Indus Ituxi Kasei Labou Ladon Lethe Licus Louros Maʼadim Mad Maja Mamers Mangala Marineris Labes Marte Maumee Mawrth Minio Naktong Nanedi Niger Nirgal Padus Paraná Patapsco Peace Rahway Ravi Reull Sabis Sabrina Samara Scamander Shalbatana Simud Stura Tader Tinia Tinjar Tiu Tyras Uzboi ULM Vedra Verde Warrego Fossae, mensae, rupes, labyrinthi Amenthes Fossae Ceraunius Fossae Cerberus Fossae Coloe Fossae Cyane Fossae Elysium Fossae Hephaestus Fossae Icaria Fossae Labeatis Fossae Mangala Fossa Mareotis Fossae Medusae Fossae Memnonia Fossae Nili Fossae Olympica Fossae Oti Fossae Sirenum Fossae Tantalus Fossae Tempe Fossae Tithonium Fossae Tractus Fossae Ulysses Fossae Aeolis Mensae Ausonia Mensa Capri Mensa Cydonia Mensae Deuteronilus Mensae Ganges Mensa Nilosyrtis Mensae Protonilus Mensae Sacra Mensa Claritas Rupes Nilokeras Scopulus Olympus Rupes Rupes Tenuis Angustus Labyrinthus Noctis Labyrinthus Catenae, craters Artynia Catena Tithoniae Catenae Tractus Catena Adams Agassiz Airy Airy-0 Aniak Antoniadi Arandas Argo Arkhangelsky Arrhenius Asimov Bacolor Bakhuysen Baldet Baltisk Bamberg Barabashov Barnard Beagle Becquerel Beer Belz Bernard Bianchini Boeddicker Bok Bond Bonestell Bonneville Brashear Briault Burroughs Burton Campbell Canso Cassini Caxias Cerulli Chafe Chapais Chincoteague Chryse Alien Clark Coblentz Columbus Copernicus Corby Crewe Crivitz Crommelin Cruls Curie Da Vinci Danielson Darwin Davies Dawes Dejnev Denning Dilly Dinorwic Douglass Dromore Du Martheray Eagle (Acidalia Planitia) Eagle (Meridiani Planum) Eberswalde Eddie Ejriksson Emma Dean Endeavour Matijevic Hill Endurance Erebus Escalante Eudoxus Fenagh Fesenkov Firsoff Flammarion Flaugergues Focas Fontana Fournier Fram Freedom Galdakao Gale Galle Garni Gasa Gilbert Gill Gledhill Gold Graff Green Grindavik Gusev Apollo 1 Hills Chaffee Grissom White Columbia Hills Husband McCool Sleepy Hollow Hadley Haldane Hale Halley Hargraves Hartwig Heaviside Heimdal Heinlein Helmholtz Henry Herschel Hipparchus Holden Holmes Hooke Huggins Hussey Hutton Huxley Huygens Iazu Ibragimov Inuvik Janssen Jarry-Desloges Jeans Jezero Jezža Joly Jones Kaiser Keeler Kepler Kinkora Kipini Knobel Koga Korolev Kufra Kuiper Kunowsky Lambert Lamont Lampland Lassell Lau Le Verrier Li Fan Liais Lipik Liu Hsin Llanesco Lockyer Lod Lohse Lomonosov Louth Lowell Lyell Lyot Mädler Magelhaens Maggini Main Mandora Maraldi Mariner Marth Martz Masursky Maunder McLaughlin McMurdo Mellish Mendel Mie Milankovic Millochau Mitchel Miyamoto Mohawk Mojave Molesworth Montevallo Moreux Müller Nansen Nereus Newton Nhill Nicholson Niesten Nipigon Onon Orson Welles Oudemans Palana Pangboche Pasteur Penticton Perepelkin Peridier Persbo Pettit Phillips Pickering Playfair Pollack Poona Porter Porth Priestley Proctor Ptolemaeus Puńsk Quenisset Rabe Radau Rahe Rayleigh Redi Renaudot Reuyl Reynolds Richardson Ritchey Robert Sharp Roddenberry Ross Rossby Rudaux Russell Rutherford Sagan Saheki Santa Maria Schaeberle Schiaparelli Schmidt Secchi Semeykin Sharonov Sibu Sinton Sitka Sklodowska Slipher Smith South Spallanzani Srīpur Steno Stokes Stoney Suess Suzhi Tarsus Taytay Teisserenc de Bort Terby Thila Thira Tikhonravov Tikhov Timbuktu Tombaugh Tooting Trouvelot Troy Trud Trumpler Tugaske Tycho Brahe Tyndall Udzha Vernal Very Victoria Cape Verde Vinogradov Vinogradsky Virrat Vishniac Vogel Von Kármán Vostok Wallace Wegener Weinbaum Wells Williams Winslow Wirtz Wislicenus Wright Yuty Zumba Zunil [Portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals): - [Solar System](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Solar_System) --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Mangala Fossa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangala_Fossa) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangala_Fossa?action=history)). 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